Liu Hang

Liu Hang

Liu Hang (995-1060), with the name of Chongzhi, was born in Yongxin, Jizhou (now sanmenqian village, Buqian Town, Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province). The Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty was the son of Liu Su.

Tiansheng eight years (1030), the examination Jinshi, Dali granted comments, Tongzhi Shuzhou. Dr. Lei Qian Taichang. He was ordered to send an envoy to Khitan, where he went out to know Tanzhou, suppress the Yao people's uprising, and moved to the Ministry of work. In the third year of Xuanyou's reign (1051), he served as a counsellor and supported Princess Zhang to pursue the title of Queen. In 1054, he became the prime minister by worshiping Zhang Shi of Tongping and the great Bachelor of Jixian hall. He vigorously promoted innovation and was famous for his "good at official affairs". He served as Minister of the Ministry of industry and magistrate of Yingtian, and moved to minister of the Ministry of punishment and magistrate of Chenzhou.

Jiayou five years (1060), died at the age of 66, posthumous title Wen'an.

Life of the characters

In March of the third year of emperor you (1051), Liu Hang was promoted from the minister to the Deputy Prime Minister. In the past, most political affairs were decided by the prime minister, but the Vice Prime Minister was only in reserve. After taking office, Liu Hang took an active part in state decision-making, discussed and solved many major problems, and saved political affairs.

To the first year of peace (1054) in August, into the worship of Tongping Zhangshi (Prime Minister), Jixian hall bachelor. At that time, most of the officials in Zhongshu province were recommended by their close ministers, and Liu Kang pointed out three disadvantages to the Emperor: first, the close ministers recommended, granted non-public elections, went out of private doors, and the powerful and powerful people were recommended by each other and traded with each other, so that they could not select talents and appoint talents; second, the cronyism resulted in "when you enter Sichuan and Guangzhou, you want to be near; when you enter near, you want to be in Beijing", and no one was willing to go to the remote and poor places; third, rewards and punishments and promotions "Although there is a regular pattern, it is especially lucky to get away with it. The rule is light, and the example is thick. The law enforcers can't hold the law, and they often use the example to deal with it", so that the rewards and punishments are not clear. Liu Hang implored the emperor to get rid of this malpractice in the use of personnel, so that the truly talented and virtuous people could be selected into government departments. Renzong accepted Liu Hang's request, and the imperial edict was implemented accordingly.

According to the imperial edict, Liu Hang carried out three measures to eliminate the "three evils". 1、 Recommend talents. He opposed to establishing relations with his close ministers and employed people with no virtue and talent through the back door, while he put the national interests first, vigorously recommended talents and did his best to serve the country. At that time, Ouyang Xiu was slandered to stay in Tongzhou (today's Dali County, Shaanxi Province). Liu kangzuo asked the emperor to leave Ouyang Xiu in the historical museum to study. Shortly after that, he recommended Ouyang Xiu to be the Hanlin bachelor. Ouyang Xiu lived up to people's expectations, and worked together with Song Qi to finally compile a high-level New Tang Shu. Liu Cong recommended people, not for personal gain, completely out of the public heart. He led Fu Bi to govern together and encouraged him to develop his economy. Fu Bi was very grateful. After Liu Hang dismissed his prime minister, Fu Bi wrote a letter to him, but he still did not forget it: "every time he insulted the public, he would try his best.". Bi felt his kindness all his life. 2、 Strengthen centralization of power. The second is to move the censor to the prefecture. The censor fan Shidao and Zhao Bian, who are over two years old, seek to make up the prefecture, and come out of the prefecture. 3、 He tried his best to restrain fluke, and deeply observed the merits and demerits of Quan Jin. The power is near the fear. "

Liu Hang, the prime minister, dared to use the wise men to correct the current situation. His upright character offended those who got away with the officials and those with vested interests, so he formed a group to attack. Zhang Sheng, Zhongcheng, impeached Liu Hang in Article 17. Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty was gentle in nature. At that time, people said that he had "no complaint overnight". Seeing Liu Hang accused, he changed his original intention and cancelled the reform. Liu Hang was hard to sing when he was alone. When he was attacked from inside and outside, he said he was ill and had been lying for more than a month. After December of the first year of Jiayou's reign (1056), he learned yingtianfu as a Bachelor of Arts and Minister of industry, and then moved to Chenzhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province).

A story of Liu Hang

Prime Minister Liu Hang

Classical Chinese: when Liu Hang was the prime minister, there were hundreds of thousands of people who were arrested and rented by the government, but the prime minister didn't know. Before and after the official history dare not ask. Cheng Xiang was a county officer of Luling county. He was in charge of the affairs. He was responsible for catching the people and ordering them to pay for them. Or to sue the prime minister, the prime minister said: "Fu into from time to time, my family's crime, county officials can be Qu FA also?" Thank you for your letter. Liu Hang was polite when he dismissed his official post to the capital. Pay out, said: "Liu Gongwei quantity, not other people can and, true prime minister also."

When Liu Hang was in power as prime minister, some members of his family in his hometown evaded paying hundreds of thousands of taxes to the state, but Liu Hang didn't know about it. Local officials have been afraid to intervene for several times because they are prime minister Liu's family. When Cheng Xianglai was a county captain in Luling County, he was responsible for collecting taxes. He arrested the Liuhang people who evaded paying taxes and put them in prison. He ordered them to pay all the taxes they owed before they could be released. Someone reported it to Liu Hang. Liu Hang said: "if the taxes are not paid in time, it was my family who broke the law. How can we ask local officials to show favoritism instead of acting according to the state laws and regulations?" Just write to Cheng Xiang to apologize. Later, Cheng Xiang resigned and returned to the capital. Liu Hang was very polite. After Cheng Xiang came out, he said to others, "Liu Hang's large number is not comparable to others, it's the real prime minister."

Historical records

Biography of Liu Hang in the history of Song Dynasty

Liu Hang is a new man in Jizhou. Zujinghong, at first, Yang xingmi got to Jiangxi, and Penggan, the Yamen general, called himself the prefect according to the prefecture. He was a soldier of Jinghong, and wanted to threaten the people to attach to Hunan. Jinghong made a false promise. He returned to the state and became a secret official. Xu wenjianguo and his son Xu were appointed by courtesy, but they couldn't afford it. He was the official of the palace, and his son Xu was the official of yuhou. Father element, not official, to wealth xiongli, Xibin guest. Jinghong tried to tell people: "I don't follow Peng Gan. I will live tens of thousands of people. There will be a prosperous one in the future." Because of the name, Beishan is called houlongshan. There is a niusengru study hall in the mountain, so the base building platform is called smart platform. His mother dreams of being clothed and her husband says that Niu Xianggong has come and is pregnant.

And long, Ti Tang Ren Qi. If he failed to win the prize, he called himself a "retired scholar" and did not return. His father encouraged him. In the eighth year of Tiansheng, he was promoted to the second rank of Jinshi. He was the judge of Dali and the judge of Shuzhou. Zhang Xian, the empress dowager, built a floating picture of the sage of capital, and Zhang Huaixin, the servant of the empress dowager, took the imperial edict. The governor's service was severe, and he was afraid to go out when the state was about to move. Then he moved to taichangcheng, zhijixian academy, and went out to know Hengzhou. Yin, the great surname, deceived Lao Tzu, the neighbor, and wanted to steal his land. He sold the coupons and killed the neighbor, so he seized it. His son sued in prefectures and counties, but he was not allowed to go straight for 20 years. The Yin family took the accumulated tax money as an example, and he said, "if the field is thousands of hectares, how can you lose the year? When I first became a ticket, I tasted like asking my neighbor? There are many of them, but they can be heard. " The Yin family then committed an ambush. Dr. Qian Taichang, Li San Si Du Zhi, Hu Bu judge, and his fellow practitioners living notes, promoted you Zhengyan, Zhi Zhigao, and Liu Neiquan, the judge of Li Bu. He was sent to Khitan and accompanied by Du Fangqiang. He drank wine and got drunk. He flicked his sleeve and started to scold him. He sat out of the state of zhitan. He also descended to Zhihe Prefecture and changed to Zhijiang Prefecture.

At that time, the barbarians in the south of the lake counted the bandits and killed the officials. He took Kang as the direct Bachelor of LongTuge, zhitanzhou and pacifier, and Xu Bianyi was engaged in it. Kang Da sent his troops to Guiyang and recruited more than 2000 people to live in scattered places, while the barbarian chieftains all gave orders to serve as officials. They also recruited local soldiers to capture the remaining parties, break down taoyouping and nengjiayuan, and kill many people. After that, the thief came back, killed the General Hu Yuan, settled down in Ezhou, moved to the south of Beijing, moved to Shizhong, and moved to Hongzhou. In addition, he knew the trial court and Yongxing army. In a few seconds, he knew Kaifeng Prefecture by the right of LongTuge. Si Ming Tang, moved to minister of the Ministry of work minister. Over the years, I have paid a visit to learn about political affairs.

At the beginning of the reign of Kang, there was Zhang Yanfang, who was a guest of Cao's family, wife of Yue State. He was granted the imperial edict by Fu Min Jin. Since he was defeated in the prison, he died only when he arrived at Yan. Cao's, Zhang Guifei's mother. As long as Kang is used, the admonishment officials and the censor all say that Kang is only used by Yan Fang. If you doubt this, the emperor will not listen to the argument. Imperial concubine Hong, the empress of chase book, Kang is the guardian envoy. A few months later, he changed his position as an envoy to the garden and mausoleum by paying homage to pingzhangshi at the gate of Zhongshu and the great scholar of Jixian hall. However, the prime minister did not report the funeral as a gift. After being buried, he was given hundreds of taels of gold in the rear pavilion. He resigned and asked his Son Jin to test his bachelor's degree, so he took the post.

Whether the book of time can be used in many cases, and whether the person or the person can resort to the law to sue, but not the law. Kang Jinyan said: "the recent ministers' recommendation and application have moved for more than ten years, and they are all recommended by the powerful and powerful people. He was appointed to the provincial, government, Taiwan, and cabinet offices to supervise the frontier defense. He was not elected by the public, and he went out of the private sector. In addition, the officials in charge of the posts moved to other places, such as reducing the number of officials, replacing the posts over the capital, removing the family and sending them first. There are also some disadvantages in this recommendation. The officials of the court, the officials of the Ministry of official affairs, and the three groups of officials who went to Sichuan and Guangzhou wanted to be close to the local area. They also wanted to be in Beijing, and they wanted to be promoted to the provincial government, the office of the library, and self-criticism. There are two disadvantages of Chen Zhe's relatives. His efforts in managing the Treasury and his reward for catching thieves are still very lucky. The rule is light and the example is thick. The rulers can't hold the law and often use the example to deal with it. There are three disadvantages of this work. I hope that the imperial edict and privy council will do nothing about these three things, and I will listen to them as old as before. " When things are carried out, many people are not happy, and the search is as old as before.

Wen Yanbo and Fu Bi came back as prime ministers. Yanbo was a Bachelor of Zhaowen school. He was in charge of compiling the history of the state. He was a minister of the Ministry of war. The commentator thinks that it is not a story, but the mistake of Yang Cha, a scholar, is that he changed TIMA to hang Jian to revise the history of the state, and bi was the great scholar of Jixian hall. Since Qing Li, when the imperial court ordered the official to use his official affairs, he had no doubt that he would win. He was only responsible for the private affairs of the officials, so as to slander the literati. The ruling party is afraid of its words, and its progress is especially fast. " Then he moved the imperial censor to the next place, and those who were over two years old were with Zhizhou. The censor fan Shidao and Zhao Min, who had been seeking to make up the county at the age of 20, were named by Hang Yinge. Zhongcheng Zhang Min and other officials said that hang was a private censor. Because of the words of the censor, di Qing, the secret envoy of Shi Shu, stopped to know Chenzhou. He said, "the censor will go to your Majesty's generals and cut your Majesty's minions. This Cao's plan is unpredictable." There is no end to the argument about the benefits of promotion

Chinese PinYin : Liu Hang