Qiu Fengjia

Qiu Fengjia

Qiu Fengjia (1864-1912), Han nationality, was named Xiangen and Jifu. He was named zha'an, Zhongkai and huayanzi. He was a adherent of Haidong, a native of Nanwu mountain and canghaijun. After the revolution of 1911, it was named Canghai. His ancestral home is Zhenping county, Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong (now Jiaoling, Guangdong). He was a patriotic poet, educator and patriot in the late Qing Dynasty.

Guangxu 14 years (1888), the candidates. Guangxu 15 years (1889), with the Jinshi origin, awarded the Ministry of works. However, Qiu Fengjia did not intend to return to Taiwan as an official in Beijing. He became a lecturer at Hengwen Academy in Taichung, Taiwan, and later studied in Tainan and Chiayi. On May 23, 1895, he served as the commander of the volunteer army. In the autumn of the same year, he first set up education in Jiaying, Chaozhou and Shantou, advocated new learning, and supported the Kang Liang reform. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), he was employed as the first president of Xingmin school. Later, taking advantage of his position as president of Guangdong Education Association and vice president of Guangdong Advisory Bureau, he devoted himself to Dr. Sun Yat Sen's democratic revolution and participated in the Chaozhou Huanggang uprising and other revolutionary activities planned by Xu xueqiu. After the founding of the Republic of China, Qiu Fengjia was elected as the representative of Guangdong Province to participate in the provisional government organized by Sun Yat Sen.

On the new year's day of 1912, Qiu Fengjia's lung disease recurred. On February 25, he died at the age of 48 in Anding village, Zhenping county (now Jiaoling County), Guangdong Province. Fengjia University was established in Taiwan as a memorial.

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Life of the characters

Patriotic family

In 1864, Qiu Fengjia was born in Miaoli County, Taiwan Province. He was gifted and never forgets reading when he was young. Under his father's personal teaching, he was able to recite at the age of six or seven. When he was 14 years old, he went to Tainan to try for a boy and won the first place in Taiwan. He was noticed by Ding Richang, governor of Fujian Province, who also studied in Taiwan. He even called him "strange boy" and presented a seal of "Dongning talented man" to him, which made him famous in Taiwan.

In 1887, he joined the Tang Jingsong shogunate in Taiwan, and paid homage to the Tang Dynasty.

Guangxu 14 years (1888), to participate in the examination, the pilot test for Juren.

In the spring of 1889, he went to Beijing to take part in the examination of Jinshi and zhongjinshi. However, he had no intention of official career. He left his hometown and devoted himself to teaching. He was the lecturer of Chongwen Academy in Tainan, and also the lecturer of Hengwen Academy in Taiwan and Luoshan Academy in Chiayi.

In 1892, the General Administration of general annals of Taiwan was officially opened. Qiu Fengjia was employed as an interviewer, responsible for interviewing and compiling local facts. Therefore, he had more opportunities to go deep into the people and understand the social conditions.

Taiwan Campaign

In 1894, the Sino Japanese War of 1894 broke out. Foreseeing the future of Taiwan, he set up a rebel army with the call of "fighting against Japanese invaders and guarding the land". He took the lead in changing the property to cover the military expenses, and mobilized his relatives to join the army. Soon after, 160 Battalions (in fact, only more than 30 battalions have been trained) were established, and Qiu Fengjia served as the commander of the whole Taiwan Volunteer Army (also known as the general of the Volunteer Army).

On April 17, 1895, Li Hongzhang and Japanese Prime Minister ITO Bowen signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki in Shimonoseki, Japan, which aroused the indignation of the whole nation. Qiu Fengjia was filled with grief and indignation and immediately wrote a letter to protest against Li Hongzhang's treason. He pointed out the words "refuse the Japanese and keep the soil" in the blood book, and led the whole Taiwan gentry to write against the cutting platform, saying that they wanted to live and die together with Sangzi, which was not accepted by the Qing government. Seeing that it was irreparable, Qiu Fengjia proposed that Taiwan should establish itself as a democratic country. He led the Taiwan people to play 16 words: "Taiwan's scholars and people are not loyal to Japan. I'd like to be an island country and always be a saint. " The pro grass constitution takes the blue earth yellow tiger as the national flag and Yongqing as the year title. On May 25, the "democratic state of Taiwan" was established, with governor Tang Jingsong as president. Since then, he has repeatedly united with Taiwan gentry to send appeal telegrams to the imperial court, demanding the abolition of the treaty and the war of resistance. The Qing government not only ignored the territory of Taiwan and millions of compatriots, but also urgently ordered the withdrawal of the garrison officers and soldiers. Qiu Fengjia united with a group of patriots to fight against Japan. After the Japanese invaders attacked Taiwan, Tang Jingsong, Liu Yongfu, Qiu Fengjia and Lin Chaodong were responsible for the defense of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung respectively. Due to Tang Ping Shi's indulgence, loose discipline, and unwillingness to fight against the Japanese army, he was defeated and retreated. Soon after Keelung fell, Tang Huazhuang fled Taipei, and Taipei was easily occupied by the Japanese army. When the news came, Qiu Fengjia rushed to Taipei for reinforcements. On the way, he was very angry to learn that Taipei had been occupied and that Tang Dynasty had already crossed inland. The Japanese invade south along the railway to Hsinchu. Qiu Fengjia leads the rebel army to fight with the Japanese invaders for more than 20 days and nights. He has carried out more than 20 battles and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army. Finally, he retreated because of "all the pay, all the ammunition, and heavy casualties". Many rebel generals were also disciples of Qiu Fengjia, such as Jiang Shaozu, Qiu Guolin, Xu Yi and Wu tangguang.

In the autumn of the same year, after the failure, he left Taiwan and settled in Zhenping. He traveled between Chaozhou, Shantou and Guangzhou. He once went to Hong Kong, Macao and Nanyang and met with Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Arrived in Quanzhou on July 27. In July, he returned to his ancestral town and settled down. In order to show that he did not forget to restore Taiwan Suzhi, his son Qiu Cong was nicknamed "niantai" and his house was named "niantai jingshe".

education

In 1897, Qiu Fengjia was the head of Chaozhou Hanshan Academy. Later, he was the lecturer of Chaoyang Dongshan academy and Chenghai Jinghan Academy.

In 1899, Qiu Fengjia founded Tongwen Academy in Chaozhou.

In 1900, sent by Guangdong authorities, Qiu Fengjia went to Nanyang to investigate the situation of overseas Chinese. He traveled to Vietnam, Singapore, Malaya and Dutch East India to raise funds from overseas Chinese.

In 1901, Qiu Fengjia moved to Tongwen college in Shantou and changed it into Lingdong Tongwen school. He served as the supervisor (principal) of his own. He offered courses such as Gezhi, chemistry, physiology and health, classics, history, and arithmetic. He hired Xiong Ze, a Japanese scholar from the Qing Dynasty, to teach Japanese. Tongwen school is the first new school in Guangdong Province. It has spread Western civilization and reform thoughts and trained more than 1000 students. Later, most of them joined the alliance. In addition, he also founded Zhenping Junior Normal School and Zhenping county secondary school. On February 12 of the same year, the new army of Guangzhou revolted and was defeated. The authorities found out that Chen Jiong Ming and Zou Lu were involved in the scheme. They met Qiu Fengjia with the name list and wanted to arrest them. He tried to ensure that nothing happened. In the same year, he and Chen Jiong Ming strongly advocated gambling prohibition in the Advisory Council, which was rejected by some members who were bribed by gamblers. So he launched a public struggle and ordered the Guangdong authorities to issue gambling prohibition orders.

Huanggang Uprising

In 1904 (the thirtieth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), when Qiu Fengjia was planning the "Huanggang uprising" action plan in jianzhuding tea farm, he wrote the house name "qianshanlou" ink for Mr. Huang Caiping of Shima private school. Because the stone Carver accidentally soaked in water, a corner was missing. This time, ziyuangong asked Qiu Fengjia to improvise and rewrite a new one in the Council Hall of jianzhuding tea garden. For this reason, Huang Caiping also specially reduced the land rent of he's Liangdou millet to show his gratitude. (qianshanlou, Guangxu, Wushen, xiayue, Qiu Fengjia)

Although Huanggang uprising failed, its impact on the Qing Dynasty was comparable to Huanghuagang uprising in Guangzhou. As Sun Yat Sen said in his strategy for the founding of the people's Republic of China, "if there is no good reason for the martyrs to lose their courage, how can there be the beautiful result of the righteous teacher of Wuchang in 1911 and the eunuch Ruicheng into the warship?".

During the Spring Festival of 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu), Qiu Fengjia stayed in jianzhuding tea farm for two nights, and didn't go down until the 18th of the first month. During this period, he Ziyuan's character "Eastern Han Dynasty" was specially used as the basis to inscribe "Guanghan tea house" and "Yuanlu", "shunyulu" and other ink treasures for Mr. Ziyuan.

In May 1907, after the failure of the second Huanggang uprising, he Ziyuan and other leaders immediately returned to Meizhou. Soon after, the identities of Xiao Huichang, Jiang Baijian, Yao Zhuying, Zhang Huagu and others were exposed, and they were forced to avoid jianzhuding tea farm for more than half a year. Yao Zhuying and others lived in jianzhuding tea farm for more than half a year, while Xiao Huichang and Jiang Baijian lived for more than four months. In order to rescue the revolutionaries and discuss the next action plan, Qiu Fengjia came to shunyulu of Shima many times in the early summer of 1908 (Wushen) to discuss countermeasures with Mr. Ziyuan. Later, the party members in distress were rescued by he Ziyuan and Qiu Fengjia.

End up with regret

In 1906, he was appointed supervisor of Guangzhou government middle school, and then president of Guangdong Education Association. In September 1909, he was elected a member of the Guangdong consultative Bureau, and then he was elected deputy speaker. In the same year, he was appointed as a councillor of the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi and the supervisor of the dialect School of Guangdong and Guangxi. He went back with Chen Jiongming and other key members of the alliance and sympathized with the revolution. At that time, the alliance was planning the uprising of the new army in Guangzhou. After the plan was successful, Qiu Fengjia and Chen Jiongming were appointed as the chief and deputy civil affairs officers.

In September of the third year of Xuantong (1911), Guangdong recovered and Qiu was appointed Minister of education of Guangdong military government. In October, he represented Guangdong to Nanjing to attend the conference on the formation of the provisional government of the independent provinces. Then, in line with the trend of the times, from supporting the reform and protecting the emperor, he gradually inclined to revolution, covered the anti Qing activities of the alliance members, and devoted himself to the establishment of schools, the implementation of new learning, and the cultivation of talents. He has successively served as the president of Guangdong Education Association, vice president of Guangdong Advisory Bureau, etc. After the founding of the Republic of China, he went to Nanjing as a representative of Guangdong to participate in the formation of the provisional government and was elected as a member of the Senate.

At the beginning of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), due to pulmonary disease, he returned to Chaozhou and received a telegram from Chaozhou that he was elected to the Provisional Senate. On February 25,

Chinese PinYin : Qiu Feng Jia