Liu Zhen
Liu Zhen
Liu Zhen? 217 years), the word Gonggan, Dongping Ningyang (now Shandong Ningyang County sidian town ancient village) people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a famous scholar and poet, one of the seven sons of Jian'an.
Liu Zhen was erudite and talented, alert and quick witted. He was elected prime minister (Cao Cao) and made friends with Wei Wendi and Cao Zhi. When he attended Cao Pi's banquet, he looked up at the imperial concubine Zhen's family and punished her for labor for disrespect.
In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), he died of disease at the age of 38. Literary achievements are mainly reflected in poetry, especially in the creation of five character poetry. At that time, Cao Zhi was well-known as "Cao Liu". Today, there are 15 poems with strong style and simple language, which are well-known in the world. Among them, the representative work "gift from younger brother" is simple and clear, easy and popular, and good at metaphor. There are four volumes in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi and ten volumes in Mao Shi Yi Wen, all of which have been lost. In Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled Liu Gong Gan Ji, which is included in Bai San Ji of Han Wei and six dynasties.
Life of the characters
Growth experience
Liu Zhen was able to read poems at the age of five, recite the Analects of Confucius and the book of songs at the age of eight, and write tens of thousands of words. Because of his excellent memory and quick response to debate, he is known as a child prodigy. Later, he was conquered by Cao Cao and served as Prime Minister of literature. (volume 385 of Taiping Yulan quoted biography of scholars)
In 195 A.D., because of avoiding the war, 17-year-old Liu Zhen went to Xuchang with his mother and brother and met Cao Zijian in the post house. Cao Zhi was impressed by Liu Zhen's full study. In order to further deepen his close relationship, he took Liu Zhen to the prime minister's office to interpret his prose and Fu day and night. He shared the same ideals and had a close relationship with him. Later, he got to know Kong Rong and other five students, who often gathered to discuss knowledge and "looked up to their feet and galloped together, so as to convince each other.".
When he came of age, Liu Zhen hoped to meet Mingjun and display his political ambition. However, the politics of the late Han Dynasty was extremely corrupt and dark, and the social crisis was deep. After the rulers suppressed the uprising of the Yellow turban army, the warlords in various regions took the lead, and China fell into division and turmoil. According to Cao Cao in northern China, he was more open-minded in politics, and he was the only one who was talented and widely attracted literary talents.
This made the ambitious people, such as Shanyang Wang can, Beihai Xu Gan, Chen Liu Ruan Yu, Runan Ying Yu, and Liu Zhen, who were eager for China's reunification and had the ambition of helping the world, rush to Yecheng under Cao Cao from all directions. At that time, they gathered talents and formed a literary group headed by Cao's father and son. Because most of their poems and essays described the turbulent social reality of the late Han Dynasty, they expressed the unity The lofty aspiration of governing the country, generous and generous, tragic and heroic, thus formed the "Jian'an style" and had a profound impact on the development of later literature.
Liu Zhen is an important member of Jian'an literature group and has a close relationship with Cao. In his poems, he compares Cao Cao to Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, who was rich and unified in China, and Cao's acquaintance to xinlingjun, a courteous and virtuous corporal. He pinned his hope of unifying China on Cao Cao. At the beginning of his investment in Cao, he was appointed prime minister, who followed Cao Cao to fight in the north and south, and advised the military.
Assist Cao Pi
After the 16th year of Jian'an (211), he became the son of Cao Zhi, the Marquis of the plain. Soon after, he became the literary General of wuguanzhonglang and served Cao Pi.
Judging from the existing poems and essays, he had a close relationship with Cao Pi, and Cao Pi's brothers were also regarded as relatives. They were paid with poetry and wine, and their contacts were often informal. Cao Pi once presented the belt to show his affection, and left a wonderful article (a brief account of the Canon). However, Liu Zhen was arrogant and did not stick to etiquette. Cao Pi once invited literature to a banquet. After drinking too much, he ordered his wife Zhen to go out to worship. All the people in the banquet were prostrate and did not dare to look up. Liu Zhen was the only one. Cao Pi didn't mind about it, but after hearing about it, Cao Cao wanted to punish the crime of disrespect. After the rescue, he was punished as hard labor and never used again. Naturally, this is a very heavy blow to Liu Zhen. His painful mood is revealed in his poem "to Xu Gan".
In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), the northern plague prevailed and Liu Zhen died. Cao Pi was very sad for this. He sorted out his posthumous writings, made comments on them, and recalled the intimate contacts in the past (see with Wu Zhi Shu).
His works in his life include ten volumes of Mao Shi Yi Ci and four volumes of anthology. The collection of later generations has Liu Gong Gan Ji handed down from generation to generation.
Family members
Liu Liang, the father of Liu Zhen, whose name is Manshan, is a gong. He is a descendant of Zhang Wang's clan in Han Dynasty. He is a poor man with honest and upright nature. He has a talent of Qing Dynasty and is self-sufficient in selling books. Emperor Huan advocated filial piety and honesty, followed the official system to shangshulang, and finally became a noble scholar. He did not conform to the common customs in his life.
His mother is the granddaughter of Zhang Zhixuan, King Zhaoyin of the Yuan Dynasty. She is versatile in music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, song and Fu. She is young and widowed and places her hopes on her son and nephews. Under his mother's admonition, supervision and personal education, Liu Zhen developed a diligent, inquisitive and indomitable character.
Character achievement
literature
Liu Zhen's works are full of momentum, sharp artistic conception and high style. He and Wang can are called "King Liu". In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai said that "Gongmu Qi wins, Zhongxuan emotion wins" (Yigai · shigai), which reveals their respective strengths from the comparison.
The common people call him "Cao Liu" together with Cao Zhi from the aspect of Qi. The three poems of "to a subordinate brother" embody the poet's style. They express the poet's mind and integrity, and have the spirit of sadness, generosity, high wind and cross vulgarity. Among them, the second song: "pine on Tingting mountain, stroke in SISE valley. As soon as the wind blows, as soon as the branches are loosened. The frost is miserable, and it's always right. Pines and cypresses have nature. "It's especially praiseworthy.
The weakness of Liu Zhen's creation is that his rhetoric is not rich enough, so Zhong Rong said in the book of poetry that he was "more angry than his prose, less embellished and resentful". He and Wang can each have a great summer Fu, and the difference in literary style is very obvious. Similarly, in the face of a turbulent society and a bumpy life, he mostly expresses his personal indignation, so his works are always filled with generosity. As he said, the more severe the wind and frost, the more firm and upright the pine and cypress's nature can be embodied. This kind of spirit and spirit created Liu Zhen's elegant and wonderful style of poetry.
However, Liu Zhen's literary attainments are extraordinary, and five character poems are especially respected by scholars. There are only 15 poems in existence today. In the collection of poetry appreciation of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, his poems are appraised as: "his thoughts are strong, his achievements are round, and his unique freshness and vigor are appreciated by people. It's not only beautiful in today's world, it's always new, and it can set an example behind us. " Most of his poems are based on the magnificent mountains and rivers, expressing emotions through scenery, and a few are in return. The poem "to Xu Gan" was praised by Zhong Rong as "a five character warning policy". The second one is the best of the three poems. The poem is: "pines on the Tingting mountain, a stroke in the rustling Valley, the sound of the wind and the strength of the pine branches. The frost is miserable, and it's always right all the year round. Isn't it cold? Pines and cypresses have their own nature Zhong Rong's "preface to poetry" says: "Cao Gong and his son are good at writing; Yu, the Pingyuan brothers, is Wendong, and Liu Zhen and Wang can are his wings." It can be seen that Liu Zhen made great contributions to his literary creation.
His most famous fu works include Lu Du Fu, Li Shanyang Fu, Sui Zhi Fu, Gua Fu, Dashu Fu, Qingsi Fu, etc. His style of Fu is unique. "He is active in publicizing the times, revises the world, and has more than one thousand Fu in the imperial court." notes on Wen Xin Diao Long. He changed his worldly style of whitewashing peace and described the local conditions and customs and beautiful natural scenery of his hometown with fresh style, skillful skills, simple and accurate language and the atmosphere of ancient and modern. By satirizing current affairs and chanting things and expressing feelings, the content of Han Fu changed from court to society and from emperor to common people. The change of length from long macro system to short essence has created a precedent for the development of literature in the future.
Eloquence
Liu Zhen not only has outstanding literary talent, but also has a brilliant eloquence. Cao Pi gave Liu Zhen a Kouro belt when he was the general of the five sense organs. Later, he wanted to get it back, so he sent a book and joked: "things are expensive because of people, so they are in the hands of the cheap, not the side of the respectable. If you take it now, don't think it's counter productive. " Three Kingdoms
Liu Zhen understood that Emperor Wen was laughing at his low status. He didn't wear the Kouro belt, which was a symbol of dignity, but wanted to take back the original gift. However, Liu Zhen didn't bend down and insisted on not making friends. When he met Wen Tang once again, he said: "under Jingshan mountain, the king's treasure comes from Guangyao; the Pearl of the Marquis of Sui Dynasty is the best of all the scholars; the gold of Nanyin is the first of the graceful; the tail of Phoenix and raccoon dog is the last of the courtiers. This treasure is hidden in the mud under the decaying stone, but it has been shining for thousands of years, and it has never been connected to the supreme. If the husband is respected, he will be humbled; if the noble is respected, he will be humbled. Therefore, when the summer house was first built, the great craftsman set it up first, Jiahe began to ripen, and the farmer tasted its grain first. Hate Zhen with no other wonderful ornaments, bitter real treasure, can also accept. And those who have not yet listened to the supreme gift and ask for it again. "
After listening to Liu Zhen's wonderful comment, Cao Pi appreciated it very much. He not only sighed at his erudition and good metaphors, but also admired his eloquence and his eloquence.
There are many examples of Liu Zhenxiong's argumentation. His eloquence is like a weapon of constant victory. Sometimes he can save himself from danger, sometimes he can succeed in adversity, and sometimes he can see clearly in darkness.
Liu Zhen was once punished as a coolie for "disrespect" and grinded stones at the West quarry of Jingluo. When Cao Cao, the king of Wei, visited the quarry, all the officials and coolies worked on their knees and did not dare to look up. Only Liu Zhen did not kneel down and worked as usual. Cao Cao angrily walked up to Liu Zhen. Liu Zhen put down his hammer and said, "the king of Wei is a man of great talent. As a coolie, how dare Liu Zhen despise the king. But in the Wei palace for several years, I often heard that the Wei King taught me that we should try our best to do things
Chinese PinYin : Liu Zhen
Liu Zhen
