Liu An
Liu An
Liu An (179-122 B.C.) was born in Shouchun County, Huainan (now Shouchun County, Anhui Province). He was a writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, the grandson of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Liu Chang, the liwang of Huainan.
In the 16th year of Emperor Wen (164 BC), he was granted the title of Huainan king. He is a good calligrapher of guqin, and has invited thousands of guests to write 21 volumes of neishu (Huainanzi) and a large number of waishu. There are also 8 volumes of zhongpian, which talk about the art of immortals, and more than 200000 words. Li Sao Zhuan is dedicated to Emperor Wu. Later, he committed suicide because of the crime of treason.
In philosophy, Liu An centered on the Taoist View of the natural way of heaven, and integrated the thoughts of Taoism, law, yin and Yang in the pre Qin period. It is believed that all things in heaven and earth are produced by Tao. Politically, he advocated "governing by inaction", but gave a new explanation to "Inaction", and advocated changing the past.
Life of the characters
World famous
Liu An is the grandson of Liu Bang, the emperor of Han Dynasty, and the son of Liu Chang, the king of Huainan. In the eighth year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (172 BC), he was granted the title of Marquis of Fuling. In the 16th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (164 BC), he was granted the title of king of Huainan.
In the third year of emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (154 BC), the seven states of Wu and Chu rebelled, and the envoys of Wu came to Huainan to contact with each other. Liu An wanted to send troops to respond. Huainan prime minister said: "if the king has to send troops to respond to the king of Wu, he is willing to be the general of the unified army." So the king of Huainan gave him his army. After Huainan Prime Minister got military power, he commanded the army to defend the rebels according to the city. He did not listen to Liu An's order and served for the imperial court. The imperial court also sent qucheng Hou GuJie to rescue Huainan: thus Huainan was preserved.
Liu Anhao read books, played guqin, debated Bo and was good at writing. He didn't like to play and hunt. He paid great attention to soothing the common people and became famous all over the world. There were thousands of people who invited guests, including Su Fei, Li Shang, Zuo Wu, Chen you, Lei Bei, Mao Zhou, Wu Bei, Jin Chang, Dashan, Xiaoshan and so on. Under his leadership, he wrote "Honglie" (later called "Huainan Honglie", also known as "Huainan Zi").
At that time, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty liked literature and respected his father Liu An. Every time a letter is given, Sima Xiangru is often called to wait for the literati to read the draft before sending it out. Liu An presented his new works to the court, which were often treasured by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was ordered to write the biography of Lisao. He was ordered to write it in the morning and present it at the solar eclipse. He also presented "Ode to virtue" and "Ode to the capital of Chang'an". Every time I met at a banquet, I talked about politics and local skills, and I didn't give up until dusk.
Building Confucius Temple
After about 164 BC, the common people of Fengdi Ying county (now Xinzhou District of Wuhan City) dug out a stone tablet at the foot of a small mountain in the Dabie Mountains. The stone tablet was engraved with the eight characters of "Confucius asked Zilu for money". When Liu An knew about this, he ordered to build a stele Pavilion in the excavation site, erect the stele in the pavilion, and build a Confucian Temple (the predecessor of Wenjin Academy) at the foot of the mountain. Later, people changed the name of the hill to kongzishan, and changed the name of the river to Wenjin River and Confucius River in memory of Confucius. According to historical records, after Liu An built the temple, he called a large number of scholars to give lectures and write books here. The Confucius Temple was built at the beginning of Wenjin academy, and scholars such as Fusheng, Shengong and ouyangsheng often visited it.
Have a different heart
In the second year of Jianyuan (139 BC), Liu An went to Beijing to meet Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. At that time, Tian Zhen, who was a Taiwei at that time, went to the overlord to meet him because of his original friendship with Liu An. He also said to Liu An, "Your Majesty does not have a prince. Your majesty is a close grandson of emperor Gao. No one in the world knows how to practice benevolence and justice. If emperor Gongche Yanjia dies one day, who should succeed you? " Liu An was very happy and presented Tian He with gold and silver. Liu An secretly made friends with guests, appeased the people, and planned rebellious affairs.
In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty sent troops to fight against Fujian and Vietnam. Liu An wrote a letter to admonish him that the use of troops was harmful and useless, which was praised by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. But he himself was planning for the army. This year, the comet appeared, and Liu An felt strange. Some people persuaded Liu An to say, "when the state of Wu started fighting, the comet appeared only a few feet long, but the battle was still thousands of miles long. When comets are all over the sky, there should be a great war in the world. " Liu Anxin thought that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had no prince. If there were any changes in the world, the princes and kings would fight for the throne together, so he would step up the rectification of weapons and attack equipment, accumulate gold money and bribe the princes, princes, lobbyists and talented people. All the eloquent people give advice for Liu An. They make up absurd heresies and flatter him. Liu An was very happy and rewarded them with a lot of money, and even more rebellious.
Liu An has a daughter named Liu Ling. Liu An asked her to spy on the court in Chang'an and make friends with people close to Emperor Hanwu.
In the third year of Yuanshuo (126 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty awarded Liu an a walking stick for several cases, allowing him not to go to court in Beijing. Liu Qian, a son born to Liu An and queen tea, was the son of Huainan king and married the daughter of xiuchengjun, the grandson of the Empress Dowager. Liu An plans to make the equipment for the rebellion. He is afraid that the crown princess will divulge secrets to the court. So he plans with Liu Qian to make him pretend not to love his concubine and not to sleep with her for three months. So Liu An pretended to be angry with Liu Qian, locked him up and let him live with his imperial concubine for three months, but Liu Qian never got close to her. When the imperial concubine asked to leave, Liu An apologized to the imperial court and sent her back to her mother's home. Wang Houtan, his son Liu Qian and his daughter Liu Ling were favored by Liu An. They were good at national power, plundering people's fields, houses and houses, and arbitrarily arresting innocent people.
Conspiracy exposed
In the fifth year of Yuanshuo (124bc), Liu Qian learned to use the sword. He thought that his sword skill was superior to others. It is said that Lang Zhonglei is skillful in sword making, so he is called to compete. Lei was let over and over again. Later, the sword hit Liu Qian by mistake. Liu Qian got angry and said bad things about Lei Bei in front of Liu An. Lei Bei was afraid and said he was willing to fight Xiongnu. In fact, he wanted to leave Huainan Kingdom and go to Chang'an. Liu An listens to his son's words and is just Lei Bei's official.
In the fifth year of Yuanshuo (124 BC), Lei Bei ran to Chang'an and wrote to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed over his notice to Tingwei and Henan county for investigation. He'nan County wanted to arrest Liu Qian. Liu An and queen tea wanted to prevent Liu Qian from being tried. They planned to send troops to fight against him. They hesitated and did not decide for more than ten days. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict, Liu Qian was interrogated in Huainan, and there was no need to arrest him in Henan county. At this time, Huainan was very angry with Shouchun county magistrate for obeying Liu An's will and failing to arrest Liu Qian in time, impeaching him for "disrespect". Liu An interceded with Huainan prime minister, but Huainan prime minister did not listen. Liu An sent a letter to the Huainan prime minister, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handed it over to Tingwei to investigate. When Liu An is tracked down, he sends a detective to the imperial court. Gongqing demands that Liu an be arrested and investigated. Liu An is worried about the exposure of the incident and plans to send troops to fight against it.
Liu Qian suggested not to be too hasty, and offered advice: "if the Imperial Envoys come to arrest my father, my father can ask someone to stand in the courtyard with a halberd in his guard's clothes. Whenever something unexpected happens around my father, I will assassinate him, and I will send someone to kill the lieutenant of Huainan. It's not too late to start a fight." At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not approve the request of the ministers, and instead sent the lieutenant Yin Hong to the Huainan kingdom to ask the king of Huainan to verify the case. When Liu An heard that the envoys of the court came, he immediately made preparations according to Liu Qian's plan. After the court Lieutenant arrived, Liu An saw that he had a mild attitude and only asked himself why he had dismissed Lei Bei. He speculated that he would not be convicted, so he did not have an attack. The lieutenant is still in the court. He'll give us the information about the inquiry. The person in charge of handling the case said: "Liu An, the king of Huainan, obstructed Lei from being attacked by Xiongnu by the army, which destroyed the implementation of the imperial edict clearly issued by the emperor. He should be sentenced to death of abandoning the city." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered that it should not be allowed. Gongqing ministers asked to abolish his throne, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered not to. Gongqing ministers requested to seize the fiefdoms of five counties, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered to seize the two counties.
The court sent Lieutenant Yin Hong to absolve Liu An of his crime and cut the land to punish him. The lieutenant entered Huainan and announced that Liu An was pardoned. At first, Liu An heard that the Minister of the imperial court had asked to kill himself, but he didn't know that he would be granted amnesty. When he heard that the envoys of the imperial court had set out, he was afraid of being arrested, so he and Liu Qian prepared to assassinate him according to the previous plan. When the lieutenant arrived, he immediately congratulated Liu Qian on his amnesty. Afterwards, he lamented himself and said, "it's a shame that I've been cut off for my benevolence and righteousness." However, after Liu's removal, the plot of rebellion intensified. You messengers came from Chang'an and created absurd and deceitful heresies. The king of Huainan was glad to hear that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had no children and the world of the Han family was not peaceful. If the Han Dynasty was peaceful and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had men, the king of Huainan was angry and thought it was nonsense and untrustworthy.
Wu was admonished
Day and night, Liu An and Wu Bei, Zuo Wu, etc. examined the map and deployed the march route. Liu An said: "Your Majesty does not have a prince. Once he dies, the officials will call up the king of Jiaodong, or the king of Changshan and the princes will fight for the throne. Can I not be prepared? Besides, I am the relative grandson of emperor Gaozu, and I personally practice the way of benevolence and righteousness. Your majesty has been kind to me, and I can endure his rule. How can I serve your children and become a minister to the north after your majesty has lived forever? "
Sitting in the East Palace, Liu An summoned Wu Bei to discuss business together and called him, "general, go to the palace." Wu Bei said unhappily, "Your Majesty has just forgiven the king. How can you say this word of subjugation again! I heard that Wu Zixu admonished the king of Wu, but the king didn't use his words. So Wu Zixu said, "I'm about to see elk wandering in and out of Gusu platform.". I will also see thorns growing all over the palace, and the dew will wet my clothes. "
In a rage, Liu an imprisoned Wu Bei's parents for three months. Then the king of Huainan called Wu Bei and asked, "will the general promise me?" Wu Bei replied, "no, I'm just planning for the king. I heard that people with good hearing can hear things when they are silent, and people with good vision can see signs before they are formed
Chinese PinYin : Liu An
Liu An
