Kuang Zhouyi

Kuang Zhouyi

Kuang Zhouyi (1859-1926) was an official and poet in the late Qing Dynasty. The original name Kuang Zhouyi was changed to Kuang Zhouyi for avoiding the taboo of Puyi, Emperor Xuantong. Kuisheng, caisun, Yumei CI Yin, Huifeng CI Yin, kuanggu, Kuang ancients, lanyunmenglou, Xilu, etc. Guangxi Lingui (now Guilin) people, the origin of Baoqing, Hunan.

Kuang Zhouyi was born on the first day of September in 1859. At the age of 9, he was a disciple member, a middle-aged scholar at the age of 11, a middle-aged Bagong at the age of 18, and a student of Yougong at the age of 21.

Kuang Zhouyi devoted all his life to CI, especially in CI theory. Together with Wang Pengyun, Zhu xiaozang and Zheng Wenzhuo, they are called "four masters of the late Qing Dynasty". His works include Huifeng Ci and Huifeng Cihua.

Life of the characters

Kuang Zhouyi was born on the first day of September in 1859. At the age of 9, he was a disciple member, a scholar at the age of 11, and a tribute at the age of 18.

At the age of 21, yougongsheng took the provincial examination in 1879. He was the assistant of the drawing office of Huidian library and the proofreader of the National History Museum. Xulao was used by the magistrate and distributed to Zhejiang. When he was an official in the capital, he was friendly with Wang Pengyun, a fellow countryman, and formed a Ci Poetry Club. He joined hands with Wang Pengyun and studied ci poetry. He was called "Wang Kuang" and created the Lingui ci poetry school.

In 1895, he entered Zhang Zhidong's mansion, governor of Liangjiang, and led the compilation of jiangchu compiler official publishing house.

After the reform movement of 1898, he left Beijing and went south to teach Changzhou Longcheng academy and Nanjing Normal School. He was employed to manage the inscriptions in duanfangmu. Later, he served as the supervisor of Yanli in Ningguo government of Anhui Province. During this period, he resumed teaching in Wujin Longcheng academy and Nanjing Normal School.

During the period of the Republic of China, he lived in Shanghai. He was so poor that he had no rice to cook. He was once a calligrapher for Liu Chenggan's JIAYE hall.

In 1926, he died on July 18 and was buried in Daochang mountain in Huzhou.

literature

Characteristics of ci writing

Kuang Zhouyi, a CI major, has been working for 50 years. Together with Wang Pengyun, Zhu xiaozang and Zheng Wenzhuo, Kuang Zhouyi is known as the "four masters of the Qing Dynasty". Before the age of 20, the master of Ci was "Xing Ling", "Hao Wei Bian Yan Yu" and "Gu Wu Mo Mo" (Zhao zunyue < / I > < I > History of Huifeng CI < / I >). After entering the capital in 1888, he and Wang Pengyun, the forefather of the famous CI poet at that time, took advantage of each other in the study of Ci and got the so-called "heavy, clumsy and big" theory, which changed the style of CI. He is a little bit of a physique, and his ci poems are more gloomy, such as "autumn rain" and so on.

During the Sino Japanese War of 1894, he was angry at the invasion of foreign enemies. He wrote down some sentimental and emotional articles, such as Tang duoling's Jiawu birthday ode, Su wuman's Wen Jiao on a cold night, Shui Longyin's writing in the snow on February 18, touching fish, chanting insects, Shui Longyin's singing only in the south of the street, etc., reflecting that "it's arrogant to ride, but it's hard to be stable to roost crows" ”And the feeling of "Zhuang Huai Kong Fu, long Sha Wan Li". There are some works about the rise and fall of the Qing Dynasty, the joys and sorrows of the monarchs and ministers, such as "Red Mansions are still, Yurong songs and Dances" in "three Shu Mei" and "hate rivers and mountains, that can suppress tears" in "yingti Xu".

After the revolution of 1911, Kuang Zhouyi and Zhu xiaozang sang in harmony. Influenced by Zhu, Kuang Zhouyi was more strict in abiding by the law and more helpful in Ci poetry. However, most of them were thinking of "homeland" and expressing the feelings of the feudal adherents. For example, in "Bingchen Zishou" (a cup of tea) and "cold flowers in the old garden" (a song of water melody), the reversion fantasy of "looking at Guanghua and Fudan, the immortal fighting in the deep of fragrance, facing the sky" is more obvious.

The view of Ci

Kuang Zhou Yi You's comments on his ci. He has 5 volumes and 325 pieces of Huifeng Cihua. It is an important work with great influence in the field of modern CI. In 1936, the monthly magazine of art and literature published two volumes of sequels, including 136 pieces, which were collected from Kuang's miscellaneous works. In 1960, the people's Literature Publishing House took the two sequels as an episode, which was jointly published with Wang Guowei's Renjian Cihua. Kuang Zhouyi's theory of CI originated from Changzhou School of Ci and developed to some extent. He emphasized that Changzhou CI school's theory of "inner meaning and outer words" was "constant words of Ci writers" (Volume 4 of Huifeng Cihua). He pointed out that "inner meaning is the first, outer words are the second, and there is no need to make big mistakes" (Volume 1 of Huifeng Cihua), that is, CI should pay attention to ideological content and sustenance.

Later, he absorbed Wang Pengyun's theory and indicated that "there are three requirements for ci writing, which are heavy, clumsy and big". He emphasized the spirit of Ci and thought that there should be "a last resort", that is, "the heart of Ci", "writing my heart with my words, that is, my Ci", "this last resort is brewed from my heart, that is, the truth of my Ci". It emphasizes that "the true character is the bone of Ci, the true feeling and the true scenery, so it must be good.". However, he did not waste his academic strength, and stressed the "spirit revealing" and "Book brewing". It has its own unique system of CI theory. In addition, on CI context, ci writing style, the difference between CI and poetry, CI rhythm, the way of learning Ci, the way of reading Ci, the change of CI generation, and the comments on CI poets and famous epigrams of past dynasties are all analyzed in detail. Zhu xiaozang once praised this Ci Hua as "a work of CI learning without any contribution since it had its own CI Hua" (quoted by long Yusheng's notes to CI learning handout).

Historical evaluation

Wang Guowei: Huifeng's Ci is similar to Shuyuan's (Yan Jidao's), and the long tune is also between halal (Zhou Bangyan) and Meixi (shidazu), but it is painful. Although qiangcun (Zhu xiaozang) is rich and exquisite, his sincerity is inferior. What is the result of heaven's achievement of a poet with a hundred evils? (the second part of Renjian Cihua)

Ye gongchuo: Mr. Kuisheng and you xiaweng (Wang Pengyun) rose up in Tiannan, and each tree has its own banner. Bantang is magnificent, covering everything, and is a great school of Ci poetry; Huifeng is a great master who is full of vitality and contemplation; each has its own real value, and there is no need to do anything about it. (guangqizhongci II)

Qian Jibo's history of modern Chinese Literature: "the Ci Poems of Zhou Yi are exquisite, elegant and elegant. They are not as broad as their forefathers' plans, but as dense as they are. However, Zhou Yi's study of Ci poetry has been helpful to his ancestors. The people who have tasted it say: "after 28 years old, the style of Yu Zhi's Ci poetry has changed, which is due to Bantang; he is more strict than Sui, which is due to Tuyin. You can't be without good teachers and friends. "

Long Yusheng's "four great poets of the Qing Dynasty" said: "most of his ci poems tend to be desolate and beautiful, but less desolate and strong."

The same scenery, the same feeling; after many things, after many worries. A gift to Kuang Zhouyi

When Kuang Zhouyi died, Zhu xiaozang buried him in Daochang mountain, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. This couplet expresses deep meaning in plain language. Shanglian praises Kuang Zhouyi's attitude of not being sad and happy with foreign things, while xialian laments Kuang's calm mind in the face of life. (< I > see the ancient and modern celebrity couplet < / I >)

Main works

Kuang Zhouyi's works have nine kinds of Ci, which are jointly published as "the first meihuaguan Ci". In his later years, it was deleted as volume 2 of Huifeng CI. There is also a volume of xiudaoren xiumeiqingke, and a volume of hezhuyu Ci, which is combined with Zhang Xiangling and Wang Pengyun. There are 11 volumes of Wei Province Ci copy, 2 volumes of Yuexi CI Jian and 10 volumes of CI Hua Cong Chao. In addition, he has also written CI lecture notes, Yu Qi Shu Ya, Bi Ying Wu Ci Hua, textual research on CI poets of the past dynasties, CI Hua of the Song Dynasty, Shu Yu Ci Jian, Xuan Xiang congtan, Xidi congtan, notes of LAN Yun Ling Meng Lou, essays of Hui Feng Zhen, essays of Hui Feng Zhen, essays of Xiang Dong, essays of Mei Lu Cong Hua, essays of Bi Ying Wu, etc.

interpersonal relationship

Kuang Zhouyi was born in Baoqing, Hunan Province. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Kuang Yiji, the seventh ancestor of Kuang Zhouyi, moved from Baoqing, Hunan Province to Guangxi Province. Kuang Honggang, the emperor of Gaozu, was appointed commander-in-chief of the right Camp of Fubiao in Guangxi, promoted to commander-in-chief of Qian, and was a son of Enyin. Kuang Shirong, the great grandfather, was a student of yinqipintai, and presented it to Zhongxian.

Kuang Xianglin, grandfather, was known as Kuigang, Gengshen (1800), enkeju, Gaofeng, Fengzheng and Zhongxian. He is a litterateur, philologist and phonologist. He is the author of Hongkui Zhai poetry, Kui Gang notes and six books.

Grandmother Zhu Zhen, the word Jingyuan, a famous lady, Chifeng tairu people, Gaofeng Taigong people. Being able to write poetry and Ci, she is known as "the history of women in Lingui", and is the author of Dan Ru Xuan Shi Cao.

His father Kuang Xun, whose name is yunqu, is Yuqing, a Gongsheng of Yili county. He is a candidate for discipline. He is a scholar in Hechi Prefecture and a scholar in Xilin County. He is granted the title of xiuzhilang, wenlinlang, a minister in the cabinet, and a political official.

Mother's Xu, Chifeng Ru people, granted zhengqipin Tai Ru people, Gaofeng too pleasant. My mother is Li. Gaofeng is very pleasant.

Kuang Shu, the eldest uncle, was named Yuren. He was a Juren in the year of Daoguang Yiyou (1825) and a Jinshi in the year of Jichou (1829). He was a scholar in the Imperial Academy. Wu YINGDIAN helped to compile the Kangxi dictionary. He was changed to be the head of Guizhou Department of the Ministry of punishment, and was promoted to be a member of Fujian Department, wailang. He is the author of Dongzhai miscellaneous works and Dongzhai poetry collection.

Kuang Cheng, the second uncle, was born in Shaowu county. He was a member of the imperial examination of wuyin'en in Jiaqing. He was a Jinshi of Daoguang Renwu (1822). He was once an imperial scholar of Hanlin Academy. He was appointed as the head of yunnansi in Hubu. He was promoted by Zeli Hall. He was an official of Jiangxi Province, wailang, Fujian Province, Shandong Province, Guizhou Province. He inspected the western city. The two departments of grain and salt administration in Henan Province were set up. He once served as the chief examiner of Shaanxi Gansu Provincial examination in the Jiawu period of Daoguang, the examiners of Guisi County examination in Daoguang, the examiners of Shuntian County examination in Xinmao County of Daoguang, and the examiners of Henan provincial examination in gengzi County of Daoguang. Gao was granted to Zhongxian doctor. There are "spring and autumn CI Bi Shi Ji bu", "Xi she Shi Wen", "Shi Qin Ji Cheng Ji" and "Za Ti Shi Chao".

Three Bo Kuang Quan, the word Yiqing, Gongsheng, candidate for discipline, such as xiuzhilang, wenlinlang, imperial title in the cabinet.

My brother Kuang Jisheng. My third sister, Zhou tingkui, is a long-time resident in Lingchuan,

Chinese PinYin : Kuang Zhou Yi