Feng Weimin

Feng Weimin

Feng Weimin (1511-1578), a Sanqu writer, was born in Linqu. Feng Yu's third son. He is a writer of Sanqu and drama in Ming Dynasty. He has four volumes of poetry anthologies: Feng Haifu's anthologies and Shimen's anthologies, four volumes of Sanqu's anthologies: haifushantang's Ci manuscript, and Zaju's Bu Fu Lao and the accomplice of monks and nuns.

brief introduction

Sanqu master of Ming Dynasty. Word ruxing, No. Haifu, No. Shimen. He is from Linqu, Shandong Province. He traveled with his father in Nanjing, Pingliang, Shiqian, etc. He is intelligent, studious, talented and forward-looking. With his brother Wei Jian, Wei Zhong and his brother Wei Na, he is famous for his poems in Qilu, and was known as "four Fengs in Linqu". Shizong Jiajing 16 years (1537) in the rural examination, tired of Jinshi not the first, home for 25 years. He once offended Duan Guyan, the governor of Shandong Province, and was arrested. Later, he was the magistrate of Laishui. In the end of 1571 (the fifth year of Longqing), he was transferred to the palace of King Lu for trial and dismissed from office.

In the spring of the next year, he abandoned his official position and returned to Linqu. He built a pavilion named "Jiangnan" on the Bank of Laolongwan at the foot of Haifu mountain. Because he was called Haifu mountain people, he began to sing with his friends and devoted himself to his creation. His works include haifushantang CI manuscript, Shimen collection, Linqu County annals by Jiajing, and Baoding Tongzhi by Wanli, among which there are many excellent works of upholding justice and respecting historical facts. The collection of Sanqu, haifushantang CI manuscript, which has a great influence on later generations, includes the suffering of the peasant family, worrying about the rain, and feeling about mowing wheat, etc., reflecting his sympathy for the suffering of the peasants. Other works, either satirize corruption, or stab abuse, or poke abuse, or expose evil, are works of warning the world and the people. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented that his Sanqu was "unique and outstanding". His drama "the accomplice of monks and nuns", through the story that monks and nuns had an intimate relationship and were later judged as husband and wife by the government, points out that "it is natural for men and women to live in the same room, and" to pass on their heirs and reproduce to this day ". In this way, he declared a public war on Daoism. He was born in an official family. It is hard for him to get rid of the habit of noble childe. In his works, there are also some romantic works.

Life

Feng Weimin was born in the office of his father Feng Yu Zhili in Jinzhou. After that, he moved from Jinzhou to Nanjing, from Nanjing to Pingliang in Gansu Province, and from Gansu Province to Shiqian in Guizhou Province. In his youth, Feng Weimin's footprints have roamed most of China. As a scholar of Zhengde, Feng Yu knew well the joys and hardships of studying. Therefore, he taught brother Feng Weimin's studies in his spare time and on his tired journey. But Feng Weimin is gifted and intelligent, and the article has the help of the river and the mountain, "elegant Hongsi, although in the weak age, has surprised the elder." (Biography of Feng Weimin, Yidu county annals)

In 1531, the 16th year of emperor Shizong's Jiajing reign, Feng Weimin took part in the local examination for the first time, which was highly appreciated by Wang Shenzhong, a famous scholar and supervisor. Since then, they have tried again and again. So he was angry at the corruption of the imperial examination system, refused to be an official, and lived in seclusion. However, he did not forget the reality, so he was able to write a sharp criticism of the reality of the official order "Zhenggong Zhenghao · Xu I Ting Guitian". This kind of passion is by no means a momentary emotional impulse, but it is like a volcano that is always active and forms hot magma from time to time, which is expressed by his Sanqu. This kind of long-term burst formed the fundamental theme of his Sanqu creation, and cast his bold and unconstrained creative style.

During his period of "lying in the forest and deep rock", he sang poems and wine with his friends Xu I ting and Xie Shaoxi. Xie Shaoxi's return to the field, a flower of Nanlv, describes the scene at that time: "after 30 years of ambition, langmiao Temple shared its worries and prepared to travel thousands of miles in the lake and sea. I don't love the bell of the Yanglie tripod of the great official, I don't get tired of home cooked rice, coarse tea and light porridge, and I don't like the tile bowl and ci'ou of the small village. Painting building, pen domain, mediating years of leisure. There are three cups of wine and several poems. You can't stay high in Dongshan mountain when it's time, and you can't look back when you think of the common people. " Most of them are cynical and transcendent. At this time, Li Kaixian also relieved himself and returned to his hometown Zhangqiu Xiushui. Li Kaixian was a master of Sanqu in the Ming Dynasty, and he was proficient in all kinds of Arts. He also had a ten thousand volume library at home, which contained many secret books in the world. Feng Weimin met Li Kaixian in Beijing. When he came back, he gladly went to pay a visit and wrote the preface to Li Zhonglu's return to the field. In his speech with Li Zhonglu, he firmly held the basic view that "poetry comes from nature and exists in the person; sound and political communication are related to the customs", and opposed the trend of thought of revivalism advocated by the former and later seven sons. In order to practice his literary ideas, he wrote six pieces of Sanqu Xiaoling in fangzhonglu style, which is simple and natural.

Feng Weimin did not forget the world when he roared in the wind and the moon, and he could not escape the control of current politics when he fled the mountains. Mao Pengzhi, one of the "four Jinshi", has a strong political voice in Shandong. However, Duan Guyan, who succeeded him, was against Mao Pengzhi's way and greatly incited tyranny. Feng Weimin denounced Duan's cruelty, accumulation, corruption and inhumanity in the article "notes to the God of wealth Suiyuan" and satirized and exposed them by means of Sanqu Da Ling "Zhenggong duanzheng Hao · Lu Chunyang's three realms list", "Bantan tiaohuaer · skeleton Suiyuan", "Bantan tiaohuaer · God of wealth Suiyuan". For example, he wrote his greedy face: "if you have money, send it quickly. If you have no money, don't panic. Find a way out and turn over the confession.". Steal a brick from our gold and silver bridge, two tanks of oil by the fire and water, and burn pits in the residual wood and charcoal. If there is no such arrangement, take off one of my clothes. Another example is to say that when he knocked on the bone and sucked on the marrow, he reached the withered bone: "the iron broom is the king of sweeping the earth, and the hedgerow made a cornucopia to catch up with the sky. It's hard for you to escape from the cave. How can you escape from the tiger's lips? Heartless and heartless. Count the roots of your hair, and search the teeth. " These three songs make people laugh and scold, with sharp strokes, no doubt like a sharp sword, piercing into the dark reality, making it the most glorious chapter of realistic fighting spirit in his Sanqu. Throughout the creation of Sanqu in Ming Dynasty, there are few comparable. However, this angered Duan Guyan and put Feng Weimin in prison. From then on, he was determined to enter politics. At the age of 52, he went to the capital for election and was awarded the title of magistrate of Laishui. He seems to be very proud of himself and is an official from the perspective of "loyalty and public service". He kept his promise and went to Laishui, "it's a pity that we should not be close to each other.". There is no family burden, only one child with him "(preface to the first time of Yi Zhai, Zhenggong duanzhenghao). After he became the magistrate of Laishui County, he "ruled the city with the most core"; even those who wanted to capture him could not help admitting that "at this point, the city was governed by the canal, and the road was lush. He said that it was a hundred Li change" (a postscript to Nanlv yizhihua county magistrate selling willows). However, he was not used to ingratiating himself, and ignored the suggestion of asking for bribes, so he offended the envoys of the imperial court, so he was excused, which trampled on Feng Weimin's creed of "loyalty and public service". Because of the lack of empirical evidence, Feng Weimin had to be transferred to Jingkou as a professor of Zhenjiang University. Even though it was a leisure time, Feng Weimin took this opportunity to travel in Jinling to see the relics of the Six Dynasties, and his thoughts of "nothingness" and "for me" flooded again. During this period, he got to know more Sanqu masters like Jin Luan, and most of them sang in harmony. But after all, it was "the feelings of the Six Dynasties, the ups and downs of the ages" ("Huangzhong zuihuayin · Baiyu"), which prompted him to return to Yeyuan, Linqu, and then dance in "Yanjian, lying in the deep rock of the forest". Most of his works are about the idyllic scenery, the clear landscape and so on. When Feng Weimin came to Xie Shi, he wrote the Sanqu of Zui Tai Ping · family precepts, which admonished his children to "give up their orders and indulge in gluttonous food" and "treat them according to heaven's principles, and treat them as if they were willing and stupid when they took advantage of them". This is a reflection of his life's principles. Feng Weimin devoted all his life to justice, and finally expressed his future generations with the virtue of righteousness. Although Feng Weimin died in the middle of the mountain, his virtue and his amazing works made him famous.

Writing

His works include haifushantang CI manuscript, Shimen collection, Linqu County annals by Jiajing, and Baoding Tongzhi by Wanli, among which there are many excellent works of upholding justice and respecting historical facts. The collection of Sanqu, haifushantang CI manuscript, which has a great influence on later generations, includes the suffering of the peasant family, worrying about the rain, and feeling about mowing wheat, etc., reflecting his sympathy for the suffering of the peasants. Other works, either satirize corruption, or stab abuse, or poke abuse, or expose evil, are works of warning the world and the people. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented that his Sanqu was "unique and outstanding". His drama "the accomplice of monks and nuns", through the story that monks and nuns had an intimate relationship and were later judged as husband and wife by the government, points out that "it is natural for men and women to live in the same room, and" to pass on their heirs and reproduce to this day ". In this way, he declared a public war on Daoism. He was born in an official family. It is hard for him to get rid of the habit of noble childe. In his works, there are also some romantic works. Feng Weimin's Sanqu is collected as "haifushan Tang CI manuscript", and his whole poetry is collected as "Feng Haifu Ji". Among them, "monk and nun accomplice" has a distinctive feature, which is the most profound reflection of Ming Dynasty capitalism germination in literature and has epoch-making enlightenment significance.

Although Feng Weimin has been an official for more than ten years, he is not satisfied with his official affairs. In his Sanqu, he expresses his feelings of indignation and leisure. His "returning to the fields" is very sincere. His Sanqu can break away from the stereotype of only writing about the past and weariness of the world, talking about the seclusion of Zen, the prosperity of Lin Quan and the amorous feelings of men and women. It expands the theme to all aspects of social life and enriches the content of his Sanqu.

Cartoons reflecting the sufferings of the common people

First of all, some of his works expose political darkness and social malpractices. Some satirize the decadence and incompetence of the ruling group and reverse the right and wrong, such as (qingjiangyin), (chaotianzi), "Jieguan zhishe"; some condemn the crime of carving and stripping corrupt officials, such as (Zui Taiping), "the night talk of Li Zhonglu's drunken return to the hall" and (new water order), "ten beauties by the staff"; some expose the intrigue and ignorance of the upper class

Chinese PinYin : Feng Wei Min