Zhen Dexiu

Zhen Dexiu

Zhen Dexiu (October 27, 1178 to May 20, 1235) changed his surname from Shen to Zhen for avoiding filial piety. At the beginning, it was named Shifu, then Jingyuan, and then Xiyuan. Fujian Road Jianning Fu Pucheng County (now Xianyang Town, Pucheng County, Fujian Province) people. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, Neo Confucianists and famous officials called him "Mr. Xishan".

In his early years, Zhen Dexiu was taught by Zhan Tiren, a disciple of Zhu Xi. He was a Jinshi and a magistrate of Nanjian Prefecture in 1199. In the first year of Kaixi (1205), he learned a lot about Hongci, and became taixuezheng. From the eighth to the fifteenth year of Jiading (1215-1222), Li Taixue was a doctor, Secretary Lang, living Lang, Shu zuolang, Taichang Shaoqing, deputy envoy of Jiangdong transportation. He knew Quanzhou, Longxing, Tanzhou and Fuzhou, and moved to the Minister of rites and the bachelor's college. In the first year of Baoqing (1225), Shi Miyuan ordered the crown prince to abolish and establish LiZong. He was impeached and dismissed as king Ji, and returned home to write books. In the fifth year of shaoding (1232), it was used again because of the worship of Neo Confucianism by LiZong, and it was known to Quanzhou and Fuzhou successively. In the first year of Duanping (1234), he entered the court as the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, and changed to be an academician and zhizhigao. Duanping two years (1235), promoted to participate in political affairs, into zizhengdian bachelor. He died at the age of 58. He was given the title of "Wenzhong" by Yin Qing Guanglu.

Zhen Dexiu had made great achievements in politics, and he dared to speak up when he was an official in the imperial court. He paid attention to the education of human relations and carried out a series of benevolent policies. Academically, Zhu Xi was regarded as the founder of Neo Confucianism after Zhu Xi. He was as famous as Wei liaoweng and created "Xishan Zhenshi school", which played an important role in the process of establishing the orthodox status of Neo Confucianism. The book "Da Xue Yan Yi" has become a must read book in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There is a collection of Xishan essays handed down from generation to generation.

(source of overview map) < / I >

Life of the characters

Young people study hard

Zhen Dexiu was born on September 15 (October 27, 1178) in the fifth year of Chunxi reign of emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty, in a poor family in Pucheng County, Jianning Prefecture, Fujian road. His original surname was Shen, but he changed his surname to Zhen because he avoided filial piety. At the beginning, the word Shifu was changed to Jingyuan, and then changed to Xiyuan, which is called Xishan.

Zhen Dexiu has been smart since he was a child. He began to study at the age of four, and he was able to recite as soon as he passed. Zhen Dexiu has been fond of learning since childhood and is diligent in learning. He used to come back from school in the evening and put his books beside his pillow. He was still reading in the mosquito net at night, so that the mosquito net was smoked black by candles. When other children play water games, Zhen Dexiu takes these children's books and reads them well.

Zhendexiu lost his father when he was 15 years old. His mother, Mrs. Wu, worked hard in poverty to provide him with the opportunity to study and grow up. Yang Gui, a native of the same county, was surprised to see that Zhen Dexiu worked so hard, so he took him home to study with his children, and later married his daughter to him.

Taking the imperial examination

In the first year of Qingyuan (1195), 18-year-old Zhen Dexiu won the examination.

In 1199, Zhen Dexiu and his father-in-law Yang Gui joined the imperial examination and became a magistrate of nanjianzhou (now Nanping).

In the first year of Kaixi (1205), after being appreciated and instructed by Ni Si, Zhen Dexiu became an aide to Xiao Kui, a pacifier of Fuzhou (now Fujian) and Fujian Road, after diligent study and erudite study of CI. In the following year, he joined the imperial court and was appointed as taixuezheng.

In the spring of the first year of Jiading (1208), Zhen Dexiu was promoted to doctor of Taixue and became the official of checking papers in the Ministry of rites. Dian Ju Guan Lou Yao and Ni Si paid special attention to him. In May, the Academy called for examination and asked about the affairs of the world. It said that "there are two things to be feared, three things to be drawn, and four things to be considered". Soon, it was promoted to Secretary Sheng Zhengzi, who was also the editor of imperial examination and the reviewer of yudiesuo. At the end of the year, Zhen Dexiu began to study with Yang Jian, but because of his position, he failed to explore the subtlety of his knowledge, which eventually became a pity.

In the second year of Jiading (1209), Zhen Dexiu was appointed as a scholar. At the time of the call, he wrote two notes: first, Chen Yan's calamity was caused by the corrupt officials in the court. Besides, the yudie and Huiyao, which were compiled by Han Jianzhou when he was in power, had exaggerated elements catering to the holy meaning, which should be corrected. Later, he was also a professor of primary school in yiwangfu (song ningzong brothers < / I > < I > Zhao Chan < / I >) < / I >, and enlightened Zhao Jun, the son of Zhao Xiqu, the heir of yiwangfu, as the empress Prince < / I > < I > Zhao Hong < / I >). In the autumn of the same year, acting as taichangqing, he served ningzong to sacrifice in Mingtang. Later, the court gave his father as chengfenglang. On December 18 in winter, the imperial court issued an imperial edict that he would concurrently serve as a direct bachelor's college.

Upright and upright

On the seventh day of February in the sixth year of Jiading (1213), the official of zhendexiu paid homage to the living room and resigned; on the eighth day of February, he issued an imperial edict not to allow it. His cousin Yang Cishan (brother of Yang Guizhi, Empress of song ningzong) < / I > became the king of the prefecture, and Zhen Dexiu drafted the patent. Then he wrote a note to warn ningzong by quoting the stories of Fan Hong and Yin Xingyou. In October, Zhen Dexiu went to the hall to play the song of Jin Dynasty's coming to an end. The events of Tiao Chen mainly focused on "praying for heaven's eternal life". Again, Shu is the place that must be fought for, so we need to strengthen our armaments. At that time, Shi Miyuan was remonstrated from the console and controlled his speech. His party members Xue Ji and Hu Xuan were popular. Zhen Dexiu wrote many times to attack the malpractice of government. He corresponded with Yuan Xie and Chai Zhongxing and angered Shi Miyuan, so he was sent to serve as the messenger of Jin Chaohe's accession to the throne. In November, zhendexiu traveled to Xuyi, just as jinzhongdu was in chaos and the road was blocked, so he stayed at the border for two months and returned. During this period, Zhen Dexiu watched the situation of Huaihe and Huaihe rivers, visited the military and civilian suffering, and had great ambition to plan and manage.

In the first month of the seventh year of Jiading (1214), Zhen Dexiu returned to the capital. On February 1, when he went to the hall to report what he had seen and heard, Zhen Dexiu weighed the relationship among song, Jin and Mongolia, and called it the south of Jin Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Zhen De Xiu