Wang Hongxu

Wang Hongxu

Wang Hongxu (1645-1723) was an official, scholar and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. At the beginning, it was named Duxin, and then it was renamed Hongxu. The name is Ji you, the name is Yanzhai, the other name is hengyunshan, and the name is Zhangyan Town, Huating. In the 12th year of Kangxi, he was a Jinshi, an editor, and a minister to the Ministry of industry. He once served as the president of Ming history in Ming History Museum, and co edited Ming history with Zhang Yushu, which is one of the compilers of Peiwen Yunfu. After that, Wan Sitong was invited to jointly approve and compile 310 volumes of Ming historical manuscripts, which were presented to Emperor Kangxi. He was good at collecting calligraphy and painting all his life. Learning from Mi Fu and Dong Qichang, calligraphy has a taste of ancient elegance.

Dong Qichang passed on his disciples again and wrote a collection of Hengyun mountain people.

Life of the characters

Be an official

Wang Hongxu came from an official family. Kangxi twelve years (1673) Jinshi a second Jinshi.

In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), he presided over the Shuntian rural examination and became an official in charge of daily life.

Kangxi 21 years (1682) to serve read, as the "Ming history" chief executive officer, writing biographies.

In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), he served as the president of the examination.

In 1687, he was promoted to the imperial censor of zuodu.

In the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, Guo Xiu, the censor of zuodu, impeached him and Gao Shiqi for "planting the party for personal gain and disturbing the government". He was also bribed 500 liang of silver by Jiading County Magistrate. In view of the party's misfortune in the former dynasty, Kangxi was unwilling to expand the incident, so the matter was not settled.

Compiling the history of Ming Dynasty

In the 33rd year of Kangxi's reign, because of the recommendation of Wang Xi and Zhang Yushu, Kangxi instructed Wang Hongxu to start compiling the history of the Ming Dynasty.

In the 41st year of Kangxi, the biographies of Ming history had just come out of manuscript and had not been revised. Wan Sitong died in Wang Hongxu's residence. The compilation of Ming history entered another stage. In 1704, he participated in the compilation of Peiwen Yunfu.

In the 48th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Wang Hongxu was removed from his post and returned to his native place as a former official. He took away the historical manuscripts in private. After five years of editing and polishing, the historical manuscripts were first completed in the 52nd year of Emperor Kangxi and submitted the following year.

The next year, it was used again as the chief executive officer of the book of songs legend collection and the provincial grand ceremony. Soon after, Wang Hongxu engraved the Ming history manuscript for himself and printed it in the name of Jingshen hall. This is the Ming history manuscript of Hengyun mountain people, which does not have the same name. On August 15 of the same year, Wang Hongxu died at his home in Zhangyan town. This is the end of the second revision of Ming history.

Character achievement

Calligraphy

Wang Hongxu is a good connoisseur of calligraphy. "He has the strong points of various schools since Wei and Jin Dynasties. He spends a lot of money on paper, and people are fighting for the possession of it." his calligraphy imitates Mi Fu and loses his elegance. He learns from Dong Qichang, but he is weak. Wang Hongxu's surgery is also a doctor. He is the author of 27 volumes of hengyunshanrenji, which is arranged by year. It is composed of Shanhui, Wangyun, Huanchao and huaigan. Gong Dingzi, Song Wan, Zhou Maoyu, Tian Maoyu and Wu Maoqian are all in order. In addition, there are 60 volumes of cijinyuan Wenji and 2 volumes of shiyiyi, which are handed down in the world.

Poetry

Wang Hongxu's poems, according to volume 4 of Deng Zhicheng's the first edition of Qing poetry chronicles, are gorgeous, colorful and meaningful. His five character poems still have the style of Yuefu folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, and his representative work is huachuntang · Dongfeng soft reveals the fragrance of flowers. Wang Hongxu is good at poetry and writing as well as Ci. He is also good at medicine and calligraphy. He has the advantages of many schools since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He has been collecting all kinds of books.

Appreciation of calligraphy and painting

Because Wang Hongxu is in a high position and has broad vision, he has deep experience in the study of calligraphy and painting. Therefore, most of his calligraphy and painting works are authentic and excellent, which is the authority of calligraphy and painting appraisal in that era. Wang Hongxu's collection includes baokuitang, bestowing on the master of Jinyuan, Da Si Nong Zhang, Dian Yi Zhai, Hengyun mountain people, Hongxu, Hongxu's seal, Wang Hongxu's seal, Huating Wang's treasure, Wang Yanzhai's appreciation of FA Mo Ming Shu, Yanzhai, etc.

Anthology

Wang Hongxu has 27 volumes of Hengyun mountain people's collection, which is arranged by year. The main content is landscape and reward works. It is composed of Shanhui, Wangyun, Huanchao and huaigan. Gong Dingzi, Song Wan, Zhou Maoyu, Tian Maoyu and Wu Maoqian are in order. His representative works include Xiyuan, a gift to xiaozhiya, night and so on. In addition, there are 60 volumes of CI Jin Yuan Wen Ji and 2 volumes of Shi Li Yi. Other medical works such as Wang Hongxu's surgery were handed down in the world. His five character poems seem to have the style of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. Also can the word, the word style Xiu Yan.

Character evaluation

Huang Yunmei's research on the compilation of Ming history says: "Wang Hongxu witnessed the withering of the same library and the decline of historical events, so he had the heart to steal other people's manuscripts. ... the more time goes by, the more painstaking efforts of many people, the less fear they have. ... Hongxu was not his family in this matter. Instead, he separated and combined the existence and the absence of it, and made his own innovation. He also pretended to be a mean and ignorant librarian, and turned it upside down at will. He was not sure whether it was right or wrong, or whether it was right or wrong. "

Liang Qichao also criticized Wang Hongxu as "a book thief who steals books in the daytime".

Fu Sinian thinks that the compilation of the history of Ming Dynasty by Wu YINGDIAN is far away from the original historical materials, and the political taboo is deeper than Wang Hongxu's historical manuscripts; he does not think that Wang Hongxu copied from Wan Sitong's manuscripts, but he highly affirms Wang Hongxu's personal efforts. Yang Chun, who once participated in the compilation of Ming history, said that Wang's manuscripts may not be all from ten thousand manuscripts. He said: "ten thousand manuscripts are quite different from Wang's manuscripts. Wang's manuscripts do not produce all ten thousand manuscripts. Moreover, those who compiled Ming history at that time are erudite and macro Ci, such as Tang bin, Ni can, you dong, Huang Yuji, Zhu YIZUN, pan Lei, Wu Renchen, etc There are many books to be edited, and it is not necessary for the manuscripts to give full play to Wan's works when studying the historical examples. However, it can not be denied that the manuscripts have been deleted. " He affirmed Wang Hongxu's efforts in compiling biographies.

Family members

Father: Wang Guangxin, the official to the censor

Elder brother: Wang Xuling, crown prince and Taifu

Second brother: Wang Jiuling, the censor of zuodu

The eldest son: Wang Tuwei, a doctor of the Ministry of household

Second son: Wang tujiong, an official salt envoy to Bohai Sea

Sun Tzu: Wang Xingwu, Minister of the Ministry of official affairs

personal works

Historical manuscripts of Ming Dynasty

Wang Hongxu surgery

Collection of Hengyun mountain people (Volume 27)

Collection of essays on gifting Jinyuan (Volume 60)

Shi Li Yi (Volume 2)

Anecdotes of characters

Wang Hongxu was a minister who was very close to Kangxi. He presented a compromise to Kangxi and only wrote the word "secret play". Wang Hongxu, a minister, wrote the word "jingzuo" instead of official title. All formulas were not used at all. Being an official in the capital is mostly about officials in Beijing. Kangxi sent his cronies to inquire about the news. At first, they were all ministers. The number of them was extremely limited, and they repeatedly told people not to know. In his personal letter to Wang Hongxu, he said: "the things that can be heard in the capital should not be known by people, because the memorials in your secret letters are written to you, and you are invited to hear them in Anfeng. If there is any leakage, it's very important. Be careful, be careful. " "During the tour to the South last year, many unworthy people cheated Suzhou women. I don't know until I get home. I'm afraid there will be such a person this year. I'll inquire carefully. If there is such a thing, I'll write it with my own hands. This matter can no longer be known. Some people know that it's inconvenient. " (Suzhou women are famous for their beauty. Some people, taking the opportunity of Kangxi's southern tour, want to present themselves in beauty contests, or cheat Suzhou women's families in the name of beauty.) "If you have something to do after you have finished, please follow the rules of the southern patrol. There are so many people in the palace that they can't help but know that they don't have to play. "If you have something to hear and see, you should play it first."

Entrusted by the emperor, Wang Hongxu promised that he would never let it out. In a compromise, he said: "I have established Confucianism, and I have been promoted by the emperor. I have no size to serve, and I am ashamed and terrifying. This is to inscribe it into the zhinei Court on the 13th, to receive the imperial approval and to seal the secret edict. At that time, Cai Cha and his two ministers did not arrive. I'm grateful for my silent recitation. Fu Nianchen was so stupid that he had to pay homage to the grace of the lotus. He had to do his best to be loyal and repay the grace in case. It's very important for me to be instructed by you, and to be concerned about my minister's exposure. I want to cry because of my interest. I will always obey you and keep my mouth shut. Although I am close to you as father and son, I will never tell you. I should be cautious and cautious, so that I can trust you. Since then, I can hear something in the capital. I'd like to invite you to write a small book in the letter of Saint Ann at any time. The reason department specially receives the secret order matter, the reason ensemble reply. It's my pleasure (Kangxi: Yes.)

What Wang Hongxu played is mostly about financial and economic affairs such as money and grain, horse administration, money casting, salt administration, etc. He is interested in financial affairs and has been Secretary of the Ministry of industry and the Ministry of accounts for a long time. Originally, financial affairs could be reported to the emperor by the official memorial, but the compromise is mostly malpractice, which infringes on the interests of the acquired. It seems that the secret play is more appropriate. In addition to financial malpractice, the nature of MI Zou is very extensive. There are several secrets related to the "Chen Ru Bi case". The case originated from Chen Rubi's bribery of 3000 taels of silver, and developed into a major case, which was "jointly tried by the Minister of State Council, Jiuqing Zhan Shike Dao and others in the Yamen of the Ministry of criminal justice". Wang Hongxu took part in the joint trial and told Kangxi the details of the trial, in which he talked about the dispute between Manchu officials and Han officials The Manchurian people have all agreed to Chen Rubi's decision to "stand for the truth". Li Zhenyu and his ministers said: since there is no confession in the conviction, adults should consider what is the first letter and letter Chen Rubi wrote yesterday. Chen Youyun: it's not hidden.

Lord man asked the commander to take it and read it to all the adults Man said, it doesn't matter. You don't have to be in the confession. Mr. Han said, "pretend to die." it's time to go. Yesterday I was in a coma. Stick, Li Xiu, Yin Debu is very panic and other words. After that, the emperor Fuqi still put the seal on the seal and approved the word "seal" to prevent people from peeking at the leak. " Kangxi: I see There is a long secret play to tell the examiner

Chinese PinYin : Wang Hong Xu