Wang Bai
Wang Bai
Wang Bai (1197-1274), a native of Jinhua, Wuzhou, was born in Huizhi. He was born in the third year of Qingyuan reign of ningzong of Song Dynasty and died in the tenth year of Xianchun reign of duzong at the age of 78. When he was 30 years old, he thought that "Changxiao is not the way to hold the sacred gate, so he changed his name to Luzhai.
Profile
Wang Bo is from Jinhua (now Zhejiang). From he Jixue, he worked as a professor. He was employed by Li Ze, Shang CAI and other academies. Du Zong died in the 10th year of Xianchun, with a posthumous title of Wenxian. Bai's works are numerous and rich, including Shi Yi and Shu Yi, most of which have been lost. Wang Di Li, the sixth grandson of Zhengtong in Ming Dynasty, collected 20 volumes of Wang Wenxian's official documents, which was published by zhengliu Tong in Yiwu County in 1843. See "continued Jinhua series" at the end of this volume attached "Wang Wenxian Gong Kuang Zhi", and "Song History" volume 438 has biography.
He is a book collector and painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word will be, the number of long roaring, more Lu Zhai. He is from Jinhua, Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). He has taught at Lize college and many students. His posthumous title is Wen Xian. Work in painting and calligraphy, good book collection, collection of ancient figures, flowers and birds painting and calligraphy works in Yilu, day and night grinding. It has 15 volumes of Lu Zhai Qing Feng Lu, and its own preface says that there are thousands of books and hundreds of stone carvings. The general catalogue of Four Treasuries has also been handed down to the world, such as reading Yi Ji, book doubt, poem doubt, and studying several pictures. It is known that there are two volumes of Shiyi, other volumes of Shuyi and yanjitu, which are unknown. It is said in history that they are quite disordered and refute the theories of Mao and Zheng
Ideas and propositions
When Bai Nian lost 30 years, he knew the origin of family learning, abandoned popular learning, and had the courage to seek Tao. He visited Zhu Xi's disciples Yang Yuli and Liu GUI many times. Later, He Ji received the biography of Zhu Xi from Huang, that is, He Ji was worshipped as a teacher. I am not an official all my life. I try my best to study the science of life. He has been employed to teach in Lize academy and Tiantai Shangcai Academy for many times. He, together with He Ji, Jin Luxiang and Xu Qian, is also known as the "four gentlemen of Jinhua". The main disciples are Jin Luxiang, Zhou jingsun, Yang Jue, Wang Xiang and Wang Pei. He was concerned about the safety of the country, denounced the current situation, and hoped that the rulers would change their ways and recover the decline. He once denounced the imperial examination as "a false essay in three days", which could not govern the world, and advocated the restoration of the examination and election system in ancient times. The disease of the poor beyond the country is due to the corruption of the state officials, and the "powerful family" is not inferior to Wang Fu. It is proposed that "to enrich the country and strengthen the army, we must take financial management as the foundation". It emphasizes that "if there is no skillful way to manage financial affairs, you have to lose what you should lose. However, if you lose what you should lose, you should start from Gongqing (preface to sending Cao Xu, Volume 4 of collection of Lu Zhai).
He inherited Cheng Yi's and Zhu Xi's theory of "Li Yi Fen Shu" and emphasized "Fen Shu" more than "Li Yi". It is believed that "the unity of body and Taiji" is called "the unity of reason". For example, according to the book of changes, Da Zhuan says that "there is Taiji in Yi". This is the first principle of Yi, which includes the birth of Liangyi, Sixiang and Bagua. It is also the sixty-four hexagrams, 384 hexagrams. Each hexagram has a Taiji in its preparation. In the forty-nine strategies, each hexagram has a Taiji in its change, which is the so-called differentiation of Yi. In terms of the human body, the four limbs, pain and itching are all related. However, seeing, hearing, holding and walking, speaking and thinking can't be used in general. And put forward "reason is easy to say, but not easy to understand.". It is believed that the sage's reason in the world is that he knows nothing, so he can connect things in daily use, and there is no improper reason. Scholars don't devote themselves to the study of things, but they can't understand the difference. Only under the premise of "Liyi", can it be attributed to "Liyi" through "fenshu".
From the point of view of "one principle is different from another", he also advocated that plants, insects, fish and other creatures should not be destroyed without reason, and that "legislation should be made, moral conduct should be forbidden", "writing books and advice, enlightening and dissuading" should be adopted. He also applied the epistemology of "differentiation, differentiation and unity" to the academic field, advocated that "the Confucian classics should be obtained through transmission", and attached importance to the Confucian classics transmission. But the spirit of doubt made him not stick to the Scriptures and doctrines, and not believe blindly. It is believed that the way of sages is spread and obscured by books. The reason is that in the Han Dynasty, the Confucian classics were dominated by their own biographies, and the meaning of the admonitions and visits were their own theories. Some of them held their own words and harmed their righteousness, while others attacked their theories and falsely framed their righteousness, which made the way of the sages become obscured and destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the original features of Confucian classics, which were separated and broken by Han Confucianism. Therefore, those who explore the reality of Confucian classics cannot be without doubt, and those who have right and wrong opinions cannot be without debate.
He questioned the traditional Confucian classics. The author thinks that the three hundred poems are not works of the same era, and they are not all decided by the Duke of Zhou and deleted by Confucius. There were less than one hundred poems in Zhou Gong's time, and the poems that Confucius deleted were the Miscellaneous Poems after Zhou Gong. After the Qin and Chu books, it is more doubtful whether the so-called three hundred articles are the same as those of the Duke of Zhou and Confucius. He also regarded the love poems as "obscene" poems. It is subjectively concluded that these love poems were deleted by Confucius, and it was the Han Confucians who mixed these poems into the book of songs, which is not in line with the original purpose of the sage's deletion. Therefore, it is required that "those who are powerful should be deposed again in the court" in order to wash away the eternal filth. He refuted the so-called "Kong Bi's books are all kedou's characters" and proved that the ancient text Shangshu is suspicious. Jinwen Shangshu is also questionable. Because the eugenics were old in the early Han Dynasty, they could not speak. Make his daughter rumor to teach Chao Cuo. Fu Shengqi's daughter is from Qi and Chao CuO is from Quanzhou. Her pronunciation is different, so there are many mistakes, so we should correct them. Based on this, he made nine volumes of Shuyi, redrawing the mistakes, changing and mending them. Although his book is not rigorous and has many mistakes, it also has academic achievements. It is pointed out that the word "Xuande" in the twenty-eight characters added by Yao Fangxing is not found in the six classics, which is the words of Lao Zhuang in Jin Dynasty and reveals the falsity of the ancient book of history. In "Yao Dian Yi", the author puts forward the doubt of ancient history. In Da Gao Yi, he criticized religious theology.
He highly praised the four books, which he called "the book of governing the world and establishing the religion". However, there are many doubts about the annotations of Si Shu and Wei Xi. It is suspected that the great learning and the doctrine of the mean are in the 23 chapters of Zisi, that the Analects of Confucius is in the ancient family language, and that Mencius is a self written book. His purpose of doubting Confucian classics is to develop Neo Confucianism. Wang Bai's thought of "dividing the theory into one" and doubting the classics further promoted the development of Neo Confucianism. As a result of the promotion of Zhu Xue, it was praised by later feudal rulers and listed as the orthodox Neo Confucianism. There are many works, more than 800 volumes, but most of them are lost. Lost everywhere cannot be sought.
Wang Bai's poems are based on the xujinhua series of Lu Zhai Wang Wenxian's collection of official documents (including four volumes of poems), corrected by Ming orthodox Edition (referred to as orthodox Edition), and photocopied Si Ku Quan Shu of Lu Zhai Ji (referred to as Si Ku Ben). A new volume of poems outside the collection.
Chinese PinYin : Wang Bai
Wang Bai
