Gong Nai
Gong Nai
Gong NaI (1558-1626) was named Xiaoyu, Zhou Ting and Wenjie. Mengyin (now Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province) people. He is a famous writer and poet in Ming Dynasty, and one of the "three great masters of shanzuo" in the early Wanli period of Ming Dynasty.
Gongnai was born in a famous "family of Guange" in Jiangbei in the late Ming Dynasty. From gongmianren, the ancestor of gongnai, he became a Jinshi family in the late Ming Dynasty. They have made great achievements either in literature or in martial arts, and they have made great achievements at home and abroad for a time. Gongnai official to the right Minister of the Ministry of rites and academician of Hanlin academy, assistant manager Zhan Shifu, vice president of the two dynasties, and Secretary of the gift department are regarded as "two generations of imperial teachers".
In the early days of the apocalypse, Gong Nai was the right servant of the Ministry of rites. Because of his upright nature and hatred of evil, he was pushed out by Wei Zhongxian's party members. Gong Nai resigned from his official post after illness and returned to his hometown for leisure. Later, he died in his hometown at the age of 69.
Life of the characters
The imperial teachers of the two dynasties are upright and upright
Gong Nai was a famous writer and poet in Wanli period of late Ming Dynasty. He put forward the poetic idea of "Qi Feng". Gong Nai advocated that there should be an era of customs and opposed the imitation of retro style. He, together with Yu Shenxing and Feng Qishi, called "the three great poets of shanzuo in the early Wanli period", played an important role in the late Ming poetic world. They jointly promoted the development of shanzuo poetic world in the early Wanli period It influenced the whole country with regional style and became the forerunner of the trend of poetic style in the late Ming Dynasty. "Qi Feng" has its own connotation and causes, but also has a profound impact on later generations. On Gong Nai's position in the history of Chinese Literature
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Jiao Hong, a famous historian and litterateur of Ming Dynasty, Zhu YIZUN, a famous scholar of Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen, a literary leader of Qing Dynasty, and Yang Lian, a contemporary, all gave gongnai high historical evaluation. Jiao Hong commented on Gong Nai: "Mr. Wang is unique in talent and knowledge, and he is rich in comprehensive learning. Therefore, the original mountains and rivers, extremely life vegetation, can cage the elite of the book, not for the words of man. Cover straight take alone see, on flatter forever. Just like the appearance of smoke and clouds, suddenly before the full, can not be for the side, the death of its law, such as Dan. Oh, it's strange! Zhu YIZUN, a famous scholar, commented on gongnai: "if you speak poetry in Wanli, you will be the master of the three Qi dynasties. I will take Wenjie as a giant." Wang Shizhen, a poet and literary leader of the Qing Dynasty, commented on Gong Nai: "in the Wanli period, it is the old hope of the poetry forest, the poetry is elegant, and the quatrains are exquisite." Yang Lian, a famous politician of Ming Dynasty and member of Donglin Party, admires Gong Nai very much. Yang Lian thinks that Gong Nai "has the style of an ancient minister Fan Xiwen (Fan Zhongyan) and Sima Jun (Sima Guang) are among the best The thirty-one volume of Wen CI Zhai manuscript, written by Gong Nai, is an engraved edition of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and stored in the library of Congress of the United States. The domestic version of Wen CI Zhai collection was destroyed by the war. In recent years, this statement has been corrected. In 2008, Zhao Guangsheng collated 43 volumes of wencizhai manuscript (including 31 volumes of wencizhai manuscript, 7 volumes of wencizhai journey to the West and 5 volumes of wencizhai sequel) collected by Sun Yat sen University Library, which was published by China drama publishing house. The twenty-one volumes of Guoyu pith analysis, written by Gong Nai, are included in Sikuquanshu. The Ming edition is now in the East Asia Library of Princeton University.
A giant in the field of poetry
In the early Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, gongnai, Yu Shenxing, Feng Qi, Xing Dong and other important officials of the imperial court took root in Qilu culture, advocated innovation, and advocated vigorous and elegant "Qi Feng". In the "Chu Feng" of gong'an and Jingling School, Qi Feng made great efforts to reveal the profound connotation of vigorous and childish, true feelings for the clan, self establishment, and seizing nature Gongfulai (gongnai's younger brother, Jingyu's name, Fulai's name, from the official to the head of the Ministry of work), Li ruona (Sichuan's political participation) and others advocated reopening the poetry world, not following Chen's words, and the style of poetry was free and unrestrained, and "Qi Qi Qi" ran to Yi and became an independent party; shanzuo's poets advocated the grand, elegant, vigorous and childish "Qi Feng", and despised Gongan and jingling's gentle style of poetry. At the same time, the influence of regional culture on shanzuo writers' spiritual temperament is also very prominent. Most of shanzuo's poets are honest and upright, honest and upright, not indulge in voice and color. They hold the ambition of rejuvenating the country and helping the world, and stress the study of practical application. In many writers, such as Li Panlong, Li Kaixian, Gong Nai, Gong Cuan, Yu Shenxing, "Linqu Sifeng", Wang Xiangchun, Jiang Cuan, Jiang Cuan, Song Wen, Zhao shicuan and so on, we can find a kind of common personality characteristics, that is, rigid and solemn, elegant and negative Qi, aloofness and Renda show the "Qi" of talent, eloquence and arrogance.
A late bloomer is a grudge against evil
Two times of "leading diseases back"
According to Mengyin County annals of the Qing Dynasty, "Nai was born with a talent, and he was able to write poems. He could read books at a glance, but he was not satisfied with them. Weak crown's literary name is bingnei, which refers directly to Mao Gong's test and wonder. He was promoted to Mengyin as "Zhongyi" and "wrote one hundred volumes of wencizhai collection" Because of Gong Nai's special wisdom, the officials who presided over the imperial examination were surprised and admired. Therefore, Mengyin was promoted from "Xiaoyi" to "Zhongyi", and each session of Mengyin was able to increase the number of scholars by five or six, which is very rare in history. Although he was a brilliant young man, his career in imperial examination and official career was not smooth. He had a rough life and suffered a lot. In 1571 (the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty), when he was 14 years old, his father's official family was a Jinshi in the imperial examination. Soon he was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy. Gongnai went to Beijing to study with his father. His father's words and deeds and Han Yuan's Wenying's guidance and edification made his studies more and more profound. At the age of 16, he wrote the seven rhythms "quasi autumn bosom" which showed his great family style. In 1577 (the fifth year of Wanli), when he was just 20 years old, his official was demoted because he was angry with Zhang Juzheng. He had to go back to his hometown Mengyin. In the 20 years from 20 to 40, he endured the persecution of his father and then died. At the same time, he was not satisfied with his title. He was not elected until he was 40 years old in 1597. In 1601 (the 29th year of Wanli), gongnai was one of the thirty-five Jinshi (xinchouke grade 2a). At that time, gongnai was 44 years old. However, gongnai did not change his upright personality because of his growing age and experience. Gongnai was elected as a scholar in the Imperial Academy, who was appointed editor. Later, he moved to the Imperial Academy to take charge of his work. He was the official Zuo Chunfang and Zuo Yude. He was the lecturer of the East Palace, and was responsible for teaching the princes. At that time, the struggle for power and power in the Imperial Palace was complicated, and there were several struggles for the throne. Gongnai, as the chief aide of the crown prince, became the eye of the "post party" and "eunuch party". He was prone to blame and was in a very difficult situation. Seven years after he was admitted to the imperial examination, gongnai, who was upright and disdainful of flattery, chose to avoid the world and fight against the dark imperial infighting. In 1619, the crown prince Zhu Changluo ascended the throne for Guangzong. Gongnai was called back to Beijing as an imperial teacher to offer sacrifices to the Imperial Academy. Ming Guangzong attached great importance to his teacher gongnai. Gongnai became an important Minister of the auxiliary state. "If the state has major affairs, Gongqing will be dismissed." the plaque of "famous Minister of Neo Confucianism" written by Guangzong was hung in gongnai's mansion. However, within a month of his succession, Guangzong died of eating "red pills". In this factional struggle, he held a fair and just view, and "believed in Dong Gu's writing for a long time.". He Guangzong's death brought an end to gongnai's short spring in his political life. After Guangzong died, Xizong ascended the throne, and still conferred the title of gongnai as the right servant of the Ministry of rites and the Assistant Minister of zhanshifu. But in the situation of Wei Zhongxian's gradual dictatorship and disorder of government, gongnai, who was honest and upright, became the target of attack. In the struggle among the emperor, the later party, the eunuch and the courtiers, gongnai, who was upright and stern, did not want to fall into the party struggle of mutual criticism, and did not allow the eunuch Wei Zhongxian to frame Zhongliang. In order to correct the rumors spread by Wei Zhongxian and others, he angrily wrote to Xizong and asked him to be the master He compiled the record of Guangzong and wrote directly about Guangzong's achievements and the secret affairs in the palace, "whether it is true or false" and "in order to become a credible history of a dynasty." Xizong did not approve his proposal. In 1621 (the first year of the Apocalypse), Gong Nai saw that less than half a year after the yuan reform, more than a dozen censors were punished for their advice. He went to Shanghai twice in a row to admonish the emperor and his assistant ministers. But at this time, Xizong had been manipulated by Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch, and GONGDING got "Qiao responsibility" and "confession order". Gongnai hated Wei Zhongxian, who was in power and disorderly politics. In addition, the compilation of Guangzong Shilu angered Wei Zhongxian. He said that "the small evils are harmful to Wei Zhongxian, so we should try our best to exclude them. We can't use them as much as we can." gongnai felt that he was weak, and he refused to follow the trend, so he had to choose to call it "yinjigui" again. In the chaotic situation of Wei Zhongxian's dictatorship, this honest and upright "imperial master of two generations" could not display his talent and ambition, so he had to choose to call it "yinjigui" to preserve the integrity of the scholar bureaucrats, which was a kind of helplessness in the treacherous and dark political struggle in the late Ming Dynasty.
Chongzhen's Yu Ji Gong Nai Wen: sending millet for relief, Ren Dan's hometown trip
During his official life, Gong Nai was not afraid of the powerful, brave to fight against evil, honest and considerate of the people. He fought with the eunuch Wei Zhongxian unremittingly and did a lot of good things for the people. According to Mengyin County annals of the Qing Dynasty, in 1615 (the 43rd year of Wanli), gongnai, who had been laid off at home, wrote a letter to ask for relief. He was allowed to live all the way. Emperor Chongzhen later mentioned this matter in his "Yu Ji Gong Nai Wen", praising him for "sending millet to relieve people"
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"Ren Dan Xiang Lu".
"Li Sancai incident" implicated again
In March 1621 (the first year of Yuanqi), the later Jin Dynasty captured Shenyang and Liaoyang. GONGDING comes from the public heart,
Chinese PinYin : Gong Nai
Gong Nai
