Wang Jing

Wang Jing

Wang Jing (about 30-85 A.D.) was a famous expert in water conservancy engineering in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Born before the sixth year of Jianwu (A.D. 30) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang died in Lujiang (southwest of Lujiang, Anhui Province) from the beginning of emperor Jian to Yuanhe. Historical water control celebrities.

In the 12th year of Yongping (AD 69), it was proposed to build the Yellow River. It introduced the scenery and responded to the system of naming. It was given the book of mountains and seas, the book of rivers and canals, the painting of Yu Gong and the money and things of clothing and silk. In the summer of that year, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were sent to build canals and embankments with Wang Wu. From xingyangdong to qianchenghaikou, it is more than 1000 Li. Next summer, the dike will be completed, and there will be no danger of collapse and leakage. Jingyou is well known. Three moved to serve the censor, when the reward. Later, he was the prefect of Lujiang River. The common people did not know how to cultivate cattle, but led the officials and the people to manage the waste and plow the land. It is abundant in China. He died in the office. In his works, Jin Ren Lun praises the beauty of Luoyi to prevent the capital from moving. He also collected divination records in various books, which are suitable for daily use, and wrote Da Yan Xuan Ji.

Life of the characters

Wang Jing, whose name is Zhongtong, was originally from Langxie Buqi (now the southwest of Jimo County, Shandong Province). During the Ming emperor's reign, he served as a censor and a riverbank visitor. Later, he moved to Lujiang River and became a famous water control expert in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Wang Jing's ancestors originally lived in Buqi County, langye county (now the southwest of Jimo, Shandong). Wang Zhong, the eighth patriarch, was good at Taoism and was well-known for his good observation of celestial phenomena. When empress Lu was in power, Liu Xiang and Liu Xingju, the grandsons of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, conspired against Wang Zhong and successively consulted Wang Zhong on the issue of setting up troops. Liu Xingju also asked Wang Zhong to unify his troops. Wang Zhong didn't want to be involved in this matter, so his family crossed the sea to Wei's Korea to stay. Wang Jing's father Wang Hong is the Third Elder in Lelang county. During the reform period, Wang Diao, a local, killed Liu Xian, the prefect of Lelang, and made himself a general and a prefect of Lelang. In the sixth year of Jianwu (A.D. 30), Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu sent Wang Zun to attack Wang Diao. Wang Hong, together with Cao Shi and Yang Yi, killed Wang Diao and welcomed Wang Zun. They were granted Marquises. Only Wang Hongjian's words were not accepted, and Emperor Guangwu "made an extraordinary expedition.". But Wang Hong died on the way.

Influenced by his family, Wang Jing began to study Zhouyi when he was young, and he read a lot of books. He especially liked astronomy and numerology. He is resourceful and versatile. Around the late Guangwu emperor or the early Ming Emperor (around A.D. 58), he served as a subordinate official of Sikong. In the early years of Yongping (A.D. 58-76), Wang Jing was recommended to be good at water control, so the emperor of Han and Ming ordered Wang Jing and Wang Wu to dredge and dredge the canal successfully. In the 12th year of Yongping (AD 69), Wang Jing was ordered to repair the bianqu canal, the lifeline of water transportation, and the Yellow River dike, with remarkable effect. In the 15th year of Yongping (AD 72), Emperor Ming paid homage to Wang Jing as a riverbank visitor. In the seventh year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (82 A.D.), he moved to Xuzhou as a governor. The next year, he moved to Lujiang and died.

Water control

The existing records of Wang Jing's water control work are quite brief. When he cooperated with Wang Wu to dredge Junyi canal (probably Kaifeng section of Bian canal), Wang Wu adopted the "flow method" suggested by Wang Jing, and water will not be harmed any more. The "flow method" may be a rolling weir set up beside the canal, which can control the water level in the canal, so as to protect the safety of the canal embankment. The Bian canal overhaul project started in the 12th year of Yongping can be traced back to the time of emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty (1-5 A.D.). At that time, the Yellow River and bianqu burst at the same time, delaying the construction. In the 10th year of Emperor Guangwu's founding (A.D. 34), it was planned to repair the dyke. Soon after the construction started, it was stopped because someone suggested that the people's strength was not enough. The houbian canal overflowed to the East, and the old water gate was in the river. The people in Yanzhou and Yuzhou (now Henan and Shandong) complained.

In the 12th year of Yongping, Emperor Han and Ming summoned Wang Jing to inquire about the water control strategy. Wang Jing made a comprehensive analysis of the situation of Hebian and made a brilliant response, which was greatly appreciated by the Ming emperor. In addition, Wang Jing once cooperated with Wang Wu to successfully carry out the dredging project of Yi canal, so he gave Wang Jing monographs such as the book of mountains and seas, the book of rivers and canals, the map of Yu Gong, and so on. In the summer of that year, he sent hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and took Wang Wu as Wang Jing's assistant to carry out the Bian control project. Wang Jing personally surveyed the terrain and planned the dike line. First, the Yellow River dyke was built, from Xingyang (now Zhengzhou north) to qianchenghaikou (now Lijin, Shandong Province), more than 1000 Li long, and then the bianqu canal was renovated. Bianqu is an important water transportation channel that began in the Warring States period. It diverts the Yellow River from the northwest of Zhengzhou, passes through Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Yucheng, Dangshan, Xiaoxian, Xuzhou, into Sishui, and then into Huaihe River. Due to the frequent changes of the Yellow River's slip potential, how to maintain the stability of water intake is a big problem. Bianqu is located in the plain area to the south of the Yellow River. During the flood season of the Yellow River, the water intake is not well controlled, so there is too much water into the canal, and the bianqu embankment is also in danger of bursting. After cutting the bend and straightening, dredging the shoal and strengthening the dangerous section of the bianqu canal, Wang Jing "set up a water gate within ten li to make it more difficult for the canal to flow back and forth and avoid the danger of collapse and leakage". The whole project was completed the following summer. Although Wang Jing paid attention to cost saving, it still cost more than 10 billion yuan. After the completion of the project, Emperor Ming inspected the canal personally and restored the establishment of river defense officials according to the system of the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Wu and other officials were promoted to one level because of their contributions to the canal construction, while Wang Jing was promoted to three levels to serve as imperial censor.

In the 15th year of Yongping, Wang Jing traveled with Emperor Ming to Wuyan (15 kilometers north of Wenshang, Shandong Province). Along the way, Emperor Ming witnessed his achievements in water control, which was highly appreciated. He also worshipped Wang Jing as a riverbank visitor.

In the seventh year of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Wang Jing moved to Xuzhou as a governor, and the next year he moved to Luzhou as a prefect. At that time, people in Lujiang area did not use cattle farming technology. Although there was no shortage of land, due to the limited manpower, food was often insufficient. In the territory, Shao (Yinque) PI (in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), founded by sun shuao in the spring and Autumn period, has a radius of more than 100 Li, but most of them are abandoned. Wang Jing organized the common people to repair, formulated corresponding management system, and erected a monument to show the ban. Cattle farming was promoted and large areas of land were reclaimed. Wang Jing also taught silkworm rearing technology to local people, so the territory became increasingly rich.

Wang Jing's river control project has achieved great success. Shortly after the completion of the project, the emperor of the Han and Ming Dynasties issued an imperial edict, which said: "today, we will build embankments, manage canals, cut off water, erect gates, and separate rivers and Bians to restore the old relics. In the north of Taoqiu, there are gradually earthen graves. " It is pointed out that Wang Jing's work has restored the original pattern of the Yellow River and bianqu, made the Yellow River no longer flood everywhere, and enabled the people in the flood area to rebuild their homes.

Later generations have different opinions on the specific situation of Wang Jing's river management. In particular, there are many explanations for "ten Li Li Li Li Yi Shui men, Ling Geng Xiang Hui Zhu". Wei Yuan in Qing Dynasty believed that a water gate was built every 10 Li along the Yellow River dike. During the period of the Republic of China, Li Yizhi believed that there was a water gate built every 10 Li along the Bian canal, while Wu Tongju believed that there were two water gates leading from the Yellow River, 10 Li apart. In recent years, studies have shown that it is very unlikely and unnecessary to build a water gate every 10 Li along the embankment of the Yellow River and bianqu. The most likely situation is to build two or more water diversion gates at the Yellow River diversion section of bianqu, with the gates separated by about 10 Li, so as to adapt to the fluctuation of the mainstream of the Yellow River.

contribution

Wang Jing's contribution to the river management has been highly appraised for a long time. According to historical records, after Wang Jing built the dyke, the Yellow River did not change its course greatly for more than 800 years, and there were few spills. It is indeed an ideal channel.

In addition to his political career, Wang Jing was very interested in divination, geomantic omen and numerology, and wrote a special book.

record

《

The book of the later Han Dynasty

》：

Wang Jing, the word Zhongtong, Lelang speak Han people also. The eighth ancestor Zhong was not born in Langxie. Good Daoism, good writing tomorrow.

After learning the book of changes, Jing Shao read many books and was good at astronomy. Bisikong Fugong mansion. At that time, there were those who could manage the water by recommending the scenery. Xianzong Zhao and Wang Wu, who were going to pay homage to the emperor, built the Junyi canal together. Wu used the method of Jinglong flow, and water was no longer harmful.

At the beginning of the reign of emperor Ping, the river and Bian were destroyed before they could be repaired. Ten years after the founding of the people's Republic of China, Yang Wu ordered Zhang Si to say: "the river has been destroyed for a long time, the sun and the moon have invaded and destroyed, and the Jiqu has drifted dozens of counties. The cost of repair is not difficult. It is advisable to build dikes so as to ensure the safety of the people. " The book plays, the light military is sends the soldier. Fangying river works, and Qun Yi makes Le Junfu say: "in the past Yuan Dynasty, people were flourishing, and the edge of the dike was cultivated. But Huzi river was settled, and it was still more than 20 years ago. Today, there are few families and vast fields. Although they haven't been repaired, they still suffer. And the new military revolution, Fangxing service, both labor and resentment, the people can not bear. It's better to be calm and talk more about it. " The light and the martial arts will stop here. After the bianqu eastward invasion, the sun and the moon were wide, and the water gate was all in the river. The people of Yanzhou and Henan lamented that the county magistrate Hengxing Tuo service was not urgent. In the 12th year of Yongping, it was proposed to build bianqu, which introduced the scenery and asked how to manage the water.

Jing Chen's advantages and disadvantages should be dealt with, and the emperor's kindness should be dealt with. He also tasted xiujunyi, and made great achievements. He gave the scenery the classic of mountains and seas, the book of rivers and canals, the painting of Yu Gong, and money and silk clothes. In the Xia Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of people died. They sent Jing and Wang Wu to build canals and embankments, from xingyangdong to qianchenghaikou. The scene is the business degree terrain, chisels the mountain Fu, breaks the Diji achievement, cuts straight into the ditch stream, prevents the rush, the sparsely solves the backwater accumulation, ten li establishes a water gate, causes more to move the note, does not have again the burst leakage the danger. Although Jing saved the cost of service, it was worth ten billion yuan. Next summer, the canal will be completed. The emperor personally patrolled and ordered Binhe prefecture to set up riverbank officials, such as the old system of Xijing. Jingyou is well known. Wang Wu and other people who were engaged in the history of the Han Dynasty were all ranked first. Jing Sanqian served as the censor. Fifteen years later, from driving to hunting, to no salt, the emperor made great achievements, worshipped the riverbank, and gave money to chariots and horses. In the seventh year of the founding of the people's Republic of China, he moved to Xuzhou as a governor. First of all, Du Ling and Du Du played "on Du Fu" in order to make the car drive back to Chang'an. All the old people who heard about it were deeply moved by the earth, and they all stood looking west. In view of the fact that the palace and temple have already been set up, there will be gods and sparrows at the meeting. It is a treatise on the golden man, which praises the beauty of Luoyi and the symbol of heaven and man.

Next year, he will move to Lujiang. First of all, the people did not know how to cultivate cattle, so that the land was abundant and the food was often insufficient. The county boundary has the shaopi paddy field which the Chu Prime Minister Sun shuao rises. view

Chinese PinYin : Wang Jing