Wang Yinglin

Wang Yinglin

Wang Yinglin (1223-1296) was born in Yinxian county (now Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) of Qingyuan Prefecture. He is a famous scholar, educator and politician in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was learned from Zhu Xi and was good at textual research. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the countryside, closed door and wrote books. Calligraphy has been handed down from generation to generation, such as zhushutie. His works include three character classic, records of learning difficulties, primary school Ganzhu, Yuhai, Tongjian DAQ, Shenning collection, and geography of poetry.

In the first year of emperor LiZong's Chunyou reign, he became a Jinshi, and in the fourth year of Baoyou reign, he returned to the middle school and learned a lot. Li official Taichang Temple chief book, general Taizhou, called for the Secretary of Shaojian, Quan Zhongshu Sheren, know Huizhou, Ministry of rites Shangshu and give the matter to the secondary level. He was upright and outspoken. He repeatedly offended the powerful officials Ding Daquan and Jia Sidao and was dismissed. After that, he resigned and returned to his hometown and devoted himself to writing books for 20 years.

Wang Yinglin, together with Hu Sansheng and Huang Zhen, is known as the "three masters of eastern Zhejiang School in the song and Yuan Dynasties". He was Zhu Xi, a scholar, who was familiar with the system of anecdotes and was good at textual research. He wrote a lot in his life, including more than 20 kinds and more than 600 volumes. Yuhai, written in 200 volumes, contains all kinds of knowledge needed by the imperial examination at that time; the textual research notes "notes on learning difficulties" is characterized by textual research, ranking first among the "three major notes of the Song Dynasty"; the elementary school work "Three Character Classic" has been popular for more than 700 years and spread abroad in many countries. It is an excellent teaching material for children's moral education.

Life of the characters

Song ningzong was born in Yin County of Qingyuan prefecture (now Yinzhou District of Ningbo City) on July 19, 1223 (August 17, 1223) and died on June 12, 1296 (July 13, 1296). His father was a student of Lou Fang. He was once a doctor in the Department of government officials and studied the history of the four dynasties in Zhongxing.

Wang Yinglin was intelligent in nature. At the age of nine, he learned six classics. At the age of 19, he was promoted to the imperial examination. Influenced by Wang Ye and Zhen Dexiu of Cheng Zhu school, he was an official and diligent in reading classics and history. Later, he was given the title of governor of Xi'an County in Quzhou. The county people mistakenly thought that they were young and could be deceived. They deliberately delayed paying taxes. At Lin's request, the sheriff was brought to justice. At that time, the garrison in the county was preparing to make trouble. The county magistrate Weng Fu was in a hurry and didn't know what to do. Ying Lin went to talk about it with courtesy. The matter was settled. After the end of his term of office, he changed the post of supervisor to one million Dongcang of Pingjiang Prefecture, and transferred West Zhejiang to take charge of the accounting department of Changping tea and salt, so that he was treated with courtesy by Zheng Lin, an envoy of the Ministry.

Baoyou four years (1256), give erudite Hongci branch. He ordered Ying Lin to be the examiner. He knew that Ju Guan had already recorded the ranking of the judges. The emperor wanted to change the seventh volume to the first one. After reading it, Ying Lin suddenly said, "it's a volume. The ancient friendship is like a turtle mirror. The loyal liver is like iron stone. I dare to be congratulated." Therefore, the seventh volume was the first choice, and the second volume was Wen Tianxiang of Luling. Ying Lin can know the person by reading his works. His appreciation is superior to others. Tianxiang has never lived up to his knowledge. He went to Xi'an, Zhejiang Province to run official affairs. He moved to the cabinet in charge of Privy Council in three provinces, removed the guozilu, promoted him to a doctor of martial arts, and then moved to Taichang temple. At that time, Ding Daquan was the prime minister. He disguised peace and kept silent about border affairs. Ying Lin was not attracted by it. He sincerely told LiZong that there were border problems in Huaihe River and Huaihe River, and Sichuan Province was also very critical. He should step up the rectification of border defense and stop being deceived by the minister's words. Daquan was very displeased. He urged Taijian to impeach Ying Lin, so he was dismissed. Soon after Daquan went to the throne, the imperial court appointed Yinglin to judge Taizhou, and called him to be Dr. Taichang.

In the winter of 1264, duzong ascended to the throne. He was promoted to the Ministry of rites as an official and a bachelor's college. He also served as a storyteller in the Chongzheng Hall. He moved to be a writer and then a secretary. In addition to the daily life and the power of the book, he was removed from office for disobeying the power of Jia Sidao. For a long time, we have known Huizhou, suppressed the strong and powerful, saved taxes, and made the people happy. Xuanzhao was the Secretary Supervisor, and also the editor of the National Museum of history and the review of the recording Institute. He was also the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. When he returned to the state of urgency at the border, he was greatly repelled by the Tao. He wanted to be expelled even more, so he left his post with his mother's worry. It is as if the road had broken down along the Yangtze River, and the national movement of the Song Dynasty would come to an end. When Emperor Gong ascended the throne, he was appointed to the imperial court by Yinglin. He was appointed as a minister of the Ministry of rites and moved to the Ministry of rites. He turned to the Minister of rites and gave it to Shizhong to refute Zuo's prime minister Liu mengyan's quotation, which was not human. He repeatedly went to Shangshu without reporting it, but resigned and returned to the East. He had an imperial edict to move to the Hanlin academy, and he also made a speech.

After the death of the Song Dynasty, it was hidden from the world, and scholars in the southeast thought that all the documents in the three hundred years of the Song Dynasty had been sent to it. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yinglin "concealed himself deeply and did not connect with the world.". As for his seclusion life, the relevant historical records are too precious to be detailed. Therefore, the Confucians of the Ming Dynasty had doubts about whether they were appointed as the head of the Yuan Dynasty. Quan Zuwang of Qing Dynasty refuted it severely in the portrait of Mr. Wang. Today's scholars believe that "after Wang Yinglin entered the Yuan Dynasty, he was willing to hide himself, and his life was not familiar to the world at that time." Wang Yinglin, an important Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a "Southern official" who deeply cherished his homeland. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, most of his articles only wrote Jiazi, not the year number. The signature of "Junyi adherents" is an example. Psychologically, he wanted to find a place that had some connection with his birthplace, Qingyuan prefecture (now Ningbo), Yinxian County, so as to express his love for his hometown.

As early as more than 600 years ago (during the Hongwu reign of emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty), Qingyuan County (now Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province) ordered Dong Daben to build Jinshi square in Zhukou in memory of this sage. Later dynasties such as "Zhuxi mansion" sacrifice; in Zhukou and Zhukou Wang's descendants moved to Longquan, there is Wang Yinglin's ancestral hall; literati Miss Wang Yinglin's poetry, the old Fuliang bridge hanging "Song Wang Bohou's hometown" plaque. The ancient records of Qingyuan county annals are very detailed. In the third revised genealogy of Zhukou Wang Yinglin's descendants in Xianfeng second year of Qing Dynasty (the first two were lost), the fact that Wang Yinglin moved to Zhukou from Yinxian mountain was recorded in detail, including portraits, the "late hidden Zhuxi" in "xiangzan", the palace map of Wang Yinglin, the burial place of Wang Yinglin after his death and the topographic map, which was consistent with the topography of Yangyuan.

In addition, in the genealogy of the descendants of Chen Jiayou of Zhukou Song Dynasty (now Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province), there is also a poem written by Ji Zhiliang in "Zhu Xi nostalgia" that "Wang Li and Chen Shentong are outstanding in the Song Dynasty".

Character evaluation

General catalogue of Siku Quanshu: Ying Lin is well-known and rare in Song Dynasty.

Huang Runyu, a famous poet of Ming Dynasty and Wang Yinglin's fellow countryman, praised Wang Yinglin in praise of the sages: the spring and Autumn Period's last stroke, Ruiying in Lin. Song fraud record, Ruiying in people, Ni father cry Lin, Mr. self cry. When the bandits came out, how could they be called.

Wang Mingsheng said in his book "Seventeen history discussions: Textual Research of Han art and literature records" that the ten volumes of Wang Yinglin's "textual research of Han art and literature records" are also very elegant.

Zhang Xuecheng pointed out: today's liberal gentlemen are tired of passing on Confucian classics and history, but they have never been learned by scholars all their lives. They are sitting in the patriarchal clan and looking up to the Wang family, but mistakenly cling to the skill of seeking knowledge, thinking that learning is the ear.

Liang Qichao: Wang Yinglin of Song Dynasty, who was the forerunner of textual research in Qing Dynasty.

Huang Jinxiang praised him: he who knows the great success of the world's cultural heritage is Ying Lin!

Achievements of Bibliography

Chunyou Jinshi, Li Guan, Zhejiang Xi'an Fu Shi, to do business, moved Secretary Lang. He moved to the Ministry of rites to serve as a minister and then resigned and returned to his hometown. He wrote about it for more than 20 years. The Song Dynasty was doomed.

In his early years, he devoted himself to the study of laws and regulations, and dabbled in classics, history, astronomy, geography, etc. Yuhai, a large-scale book, has been compiled in 200 volumes, including 21 subjects, such as astronomy, geography, official system, food and goods. The citations are complete, especially the historical events of Song Dynasty.

Among them, the category of Yuhai · Yiwen contains abundant bibliographic reference materials, including the official catalogues of the national history, Yiwen annals, Shilu, Huiyao and Chongwen court of the Song Dynasty; the historical, Yiwen and Jingji annals of the Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties and the famous private collection catalogue of the Tang and song dynasties, including the annotations of the seventeen histories, thirteen classics and the first four histories, as well as the important books of the Tang and Song dynasties There are historical documents related to cultural classics. In the arrangement method, it is classified according to the theme. Wang Chongmin commented that it "reflects the new trend of the transition to the theme catalog".

Yuhai is of great value in studying the cultural and academic origins of Song Dynasty. In addition, there are textual research notes "records of trapped learning" and comprehensive literature, which run through ancient and modern times and are most valued by later generations. Emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty granted his father "Ji Gu Chuan Zhong", hence the name "Ji Gu Tang". There are more than 20 kinds of works and more than 600 volumes. Quan Zuwang, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said that "the literature of the Ming Dynasty is not related to Lun ye, and the toothpick is also related to Wang Shi.".

Wang Yinglin is erudite and versatile. He has studied a subset of classics and history, astronomy and geography. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the countryside, closed door and wrote books. He wrote a lot of works in his life, such as records of trapped learning, primary school cyan pearl, textual research and interpretation of Tongjian geography, Yuhai, textual research of poetry geography, answers to Tongjian questions, textual research of Hanshu art and literature records, Shenning collection, Yutang manuscript, Yeyuan manuscript, Shigao, etc. But the most famous one is the Three Character Classic, which he compiled.

Calligraphy calligraphy

In Song Dynasty, Wang Yinglin wrote the running script of zhushutie. Ink paper, vertical 30.3 cm, horizontal 18.4 cm. This post is very precious and is now collected by Huang Zhenxiang, a famous calligrapher, painter and seal cutter. The calligraphy style of this post is magnificent, shining, vigorous, bold, simple and dignified, full of typical literati style. It is a rare gem in history. It was written by Wang Yinglin after he returned to seclusion in his later years. The book says: "learning, writing, tired

Chinese PinYin : Wang Ying Lin