Wang Guangxin

Wang Guangxin

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Wang Guangxin (1610-1691) was born in Zhangyan Town, Huating county (Jinshan District, Shanghai) in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he was famous for his poems. In 1632, he joined the progressive literary society. In 1649, Jin Shiji was appointed as the head of the Ministry of military affairs. He promoted the censor and inspected the water transportation in Beijing and tongcang. He was a poet in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. His great grandfather Wang Sixiang and grandfather Wang CAIJIAN were celebrities at that time.

Personal profile

Wang Guangxin (1610-1691) was born in Zhangyan Town, Huating county (Jinshan District, Shanghai) in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he was famous for his poems. In 1632, he joined the progressive literary society. In 1649, Jin Shiji was appointed as the head of the Ministry of military affairs. He promoted the censor and inspected the water transportation in Beijing and tongcang. He was a poet in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. His great grandfather Wang Sixiang and grandfather Wang CAIJIAN were celebrities at that time. In 1687, Wang Guangxin died of illness in his hometown at the age of 77. Wang Guangxin's tomb is in Nanlu, now Langxia Nanlu village. Emperor Kangxi presented doctor Guanglu, a Bachelor of Wang Guangxin, to the local people, who worshipped him in the ancestral temple.

Jiangnan talents in the late Ming Dynasty

In 1632, Wang Guangxin, 22, joined Jishe, a progressive literary society in Songjiang area. When he was young, his writing style was very good. Xia Yunyi, the six founders of Jishe and the national hero of the anti Qing Dynasty, said that Wang Guangxin's article was "extremely beautiful, I can't compare with it.".

In 1642, Wang Guangxin, 32, Peng bin, Lu Yuanchang, Gu Dashen and others founded a branch of "Jishe" in Zhangyan. They expressed their feelings in poems and prose, reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood, and attacked the corruption of the government. Peng bin was also one of the six founders of "Jishe", who was elected in 1630.

Wang Guangxin's poems are "deep, warm, broad, dense and gorgeous" (see Xu Shichang's collection of poems in late Qing Dynasty). He is especially good at seven ancient poems and seven rhythms, and most of them are excellent works. His famous poems such as "seeing Lin Pingzi off from Daliang", "song of the post Humble Administrator's garden" and "Shangshu's journey to the tomb" all express the poet's feelings about the ups and downs of the present and the past. In terms of art, it absorbs the characteristics of the "four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty". It has rich and exquisite literary talent, graceful rhyme and deep sad charm.

Wang Guangxin, as a progressive intellectual, joined the progressive literary society in 1632 of the Ming Dynasty, and then established the "gift speech society" independently. Until 1644, the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising, and the Manchu Dynasty entered the pass to replace the peasant regime in the Dashun Dynasty. For more than 11 years, Wang Guangxin used "poetry and prose to express his mind and reflect the people's livelihood" He criticized the corruption of the government. Hope to influence the ruling class of Ming Dynasty, carry out the reform of social and political system, as well as the rectification of official corruption, in order to hope that the Ming Dynasty can continue to survive, but there is no alternative. In 1644, the Daming Dynasty, which lasted for nearly 300 years under the rule of the Han nationality, finally collapsed under the internal and external attacks, leaving the regret of the bloody replacement of the Dynasty again and again.

For this reason, Wang Guangxin, 34, deeply rooted the lessons of this historical experience and Dynasty change in his ideology. He used this consciousness to educate his children and warn himself in dealing with people and educating future generations. Therefore, in the fifth year of the Qing Dynasty, he decisively chose to be an official in the Qing court instead of refusing to be an official in the late Ming Dynasty Position.

Changing dynasties into the present government

When the Qing army went south, it encountered tenacious resistance in the south of the Yangtze River. The "six sons of Jishe" advocated by "Jishe" were Du Linzheng, Xia Yunyi, Zhou Lixun, Xu Fuyuan, Peng bin and Chen Zilong. Du Linzheng and Zhou Lixun both died before the fall of the Ming Dynasty. Xia Yunyi and Chen Zilong died in the war against the Qing Dynasty. Xu Fuyuan drifted overseas and continued to fight. Only Peng bin became an official of the new dynasty and served as a pushing official of runing prefecture (president of Zhumadian District Court of Henan Province), which had a great influence on Wang Guangxin.

This choice not only made him successful, but also had a profound impact on his future generations. All of them made their due contributions to the early prosperity, prosperity, strength and lasting governance of the Qing government. This kind of analysis and choice of independent and correct political position was rare among the common intellectuals and bureaucrats who pursued exaggeration, vanity and untimely at that time. As the old saying goes: "the same way, coincides.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647, Wang Guangxin was 37 years old), Wang Guangxin was elected. In the second year, he was a senior high school Jinshi. He was appointed to the "pedestrian division" as the "pedestrian". The "pedestrian" is the ninth grade. Generally, the Jinshi after the entrance examination serve as the "pedestrian". The specific work includes issuing documents, canonizing the imperial clan, pacifying the four sides, and recruiting talents. If the government has rewards, consolation, relief, military affairs, and sacrifice, it is necessary to send them“ "Pedestrian" is on the mission.

In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654, Wang Guangxin was 44 years old), Wang Guangxin was appointed to manage the Shuntian rural examination and selected many talents. On a business trip to Hubei, he declined the gifts from the local people and only brought home nine rolls of bamboo mats for his parents to use. He was nicknamed "bamboo mat pedestrian".

Managing water transport for the people

Wang Guangxin later served as the head of the military election Department of the Ministry of arms (the head of the Department of weapons of the Ministry of national defense), and later was promoted to the censor (prosecutor). He inspected the grain transportation in Beijing and Tongzhou, and found that the water transportation administration was overstaffed and had many disadvantages. He went to the imperial court to ask for strict layoffs, saying that "if there is one more official in the water transportation, he should ask for more from the local government; if there is one more civilian, he should ask for more from the labor department." One more salary. [original text: "more water, more demand; more service, more Ding Bian"]

The memorial was finally approved by the imperial court, so the country saved tens of thousands of wages, grain and silver every year, and saved hundreds of thousands of silver for the people every year.

Wang Guangxin wrote more than 30 memorials before and after the reform of water transport. Wang Guangxin, a middle-level cadre of the dynasty government at that time, was in the absolute dominant position of the Manchu people at that time. On the basis of the ordinary existence of the consciousness of being proud of the victors, Wang Guangxin, with the spirit of regretting the big tree and considering for the interests of the people, fundamentally solved the administrative malpractice in the early period of the Manchu Dynasty's accession to the Central Plains. At the risk of being despised, dismissed and dismissed by Manchu people. More than 30 memorials were issued for a trivial matter that seemed unimportant to many officials at that time, demanding the reduction of redundant government staff. This indomitable spirit of long-lasting admonition was triggered by his personal experience of the lessons of the demise of the Ming Dynasty and the summary of history.

It was this spirit and will that finally moved the emperor who hoped that the Qing Dynasty would be in power for a long time. He accepted his advice on the same issue more than 30 times, and made his duty as an intermediate official for the prosperity of the early Qing Dynasty, which affected the process of their children's devoting themselves to the government (later, Wang Xu, their eldest son) Ling is better than LAN and inherits his rigorous official style.

Then Wang Guangxin advocated to dredge the "Tonghui River" (the canal from Beijing to TongZhou) to make the water transportation unimpeded.

literary works

Wang Guangxin is good at poetry. When he writes, he chooses words carefully and likes to use allusions, so he is solemn and meticulous. He wrote seven volumes of anthologies, Wang Shiyu's memorials and LAN Xuetang's anthologies, which were published in 1692. Wang Guangxin's articles are good at "parallel prose" ("four or six prose"), paying attention to antithesis and rhythm, with beautiful words. Huang Zhishan, a Shanghai scholar, called his "parallel couplet" the first in Qing Dynasty ".

Wang Guangxin's poem "you Cha Shan"

Xianshan sea rain early fine, win partner with box I welcome. When the two trees of vines and pineapples are in harmony, the bells and drums of the sky are lit up.

In autumn, the river and spring are clear, but in the past 20 years, he has been playing with horses and learning calligraphy and swordsmanship.

On the top of the mountain for children's festival, the eldest is at a loss; the blue sea and Danshan are still in his hometown, and Zhu Yanlu has been born since then.

On the Qilin tomb, the dogwood is ripe, and on the side of Luanhe altar, the Ficus pumila is hanging. All the generals and immortals are lonely. Who cherishes the money.

According to Yang Lvquan's records, Zhangyan's original "Jingshan nunnery" was on the north slope of Chashan (five kilometers south of Zhangyan town). It was originally Chen's family nunnery. At the beginning of Kangxi, monks and nuns practiced here, and the title was "Jingshan nunnery". Wang Guangxin retired at home, had traveled, inscribed the "benevolent wisdom Liuhui" plaque, now "Jingshan nunnery" abandoned.

Evaluation of time and people

Xia Yunyi said that his article is "extremely beautiful, I can't compare with it.". In 1642, Chongzhen founded a Toastmasters' club in Zhangyan. The participants included Peng bin, Lu Yuanchang and Gu Dashen. They expressed their feelings in poems and prose, reflected the hardships of people's livelihood and attacked the corruption of the government. His poem "Shen Bo Zhen Li" (see Xu Shichang's collection of poems in late Qing Dynasty) is especially good at the seven ancient poems and seven rhythms, and most of the seven ancient poems are famous works. His poems such as "seeing Lin Pingzi off from Daliang", "song of the post Humble Administrator's garden" and "Shangshu's journey to the tomb" all express the poet's feelings about the ups and downs of the present and the past. In terms of art, it absorbs the characteristics of the songs of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. Its CI is rich and exquisite, and its rhyme is as graceful as a song.

Compilation of Local Chronicles

In the second year of Kangxi (1663), Wang Guangxin, 53, participated in the compilation of Songjiang Fu Zhi, and was responsible for the compilation of Tian Fu and corvee.

In 1683, Wang Guangxin, 73, went to Nanjing to participate in the compilation of Jiangnan Tongzhi. He applied for retirement in his old age.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Guang Xin