Yuanxu

Yuanxu

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Yuan Xu, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty

(April 8, 510 to March 31, 528), a native of Xianbei nationality in Luoyang, Henan Province. The ninth emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (515-528) was the second son of emperor Xuanwu Yuanke, whose mother was the Hu family, Queen of xuanwuling.

Yuan Xu succeeded to the throne when he was young. With the power minister Yuan Yi and his mother and empress Hu's being good at power and politics one after another, they lost their hearts and triggered the uprising of six towns, and the country was declining day by day. In the first year of Wutai (528), dissatisfied with the power of Empress Dowager Hu, he secretly ordered his father-in-law Er zhurong to serve as king in Beijing. The secret imperial edict leaked out and was poisoned by the Empress Dowager Ling. She was only 19 years old. Her posthumous title was Ming Dynasty and her temple name was suzong. She was buried in Dingling.

After hearing the news, er zhurong traced the cause of emperor Xiaoming's death, supported you, the Yuanzi of Changle king, as emperor, and launched an army to attack Luoyang, killing empress dowager Hu, the little emperor and the imperial ministers. It was known as the Heyin change, which became the beginning of the collapse of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yuanxu is the grandson of Yuanhong, Emperor Xiaowen, and the second son of Yuanke, Emperor Xuanwu. His mother is Hu, Queen of xuanwuling. Yuanxu was born in the northeast of Xuanguang hall on March 14, the third year of Yongping (April 8, 510). It is said that there was light in the court when Yuanxu was born.

On October 18, the first year of Yanchang (512), Yuan Xu, who was only three years old, was appointed crown prince by his father Xuanwu emperor.

Succeeding to the throne

Emperor Xuanwu passed away on the 13th of the first month of the fourth year of Yanchang (February 12, 515). On the night of that day, the six-year-old crown prince yuan Xu was the emperor. He was Emperor Xiaoming and changed his name to Xiping. The imperial edict was issued to let the Taibao and Wang Yuanyong of Gaoyang live in Xibai hall and decide to deal with government affairs. He also issued an imperial edict to appoint Yuancheng, the king of Rencheng, as the minister's order, and all the officials were ordered to obey the two kings. The Empress Dowager Gao was honored as the empress dowager, and her biological mother Hu Chonghua as the Empress Dowager.

die young

On February 25, the first year of Wutai (March 31, 528), Yuan Xu died in Xianyang hall at the age of 19 because of the poisoning of Empress Dowager Hu and her male favorites Zheng Yan and Xu he. On March 27, Yuan Xu was given the posthumous title of emperor Xiaoming and the temple title of suzong. On March 28, he was buried in Dingling.

Main achievements

In April of the first year of Xiping (516), due to the famine of the people in Yingzhou, an edict was issued to open warehouses to help the people. In December, Yuan Xu issued an imperial edict to let Luoyang, Heyin and Cao zaren, who were more than 70, widowed, poor and unable to support themselves, as well as those who were young and disabled due to illness and poverty, report one by one after verification.

In the first month of the second year of Xiping (517), Yuan Xu issued an imperial edict to send ambassadors to inspect the four places, asking about the sufferings of the people, showing sympathy for the orphans and widows, and dethroning Yousheng Ming. He also issued an imperial edict, saying: "to select and employ people, it is necessary to obtain talents. We must seek a wide range of people from the wild to govern the country together. Prefectures and cities are fortified. The gathering of fast, to punish those who participate in the demon. Prisons have to build houses, and the shackles must be light and small. Craftsmen should not hide their skills. Silk satin, long and short. All counterfeiters of military merit must be eliminated. If the native place is not true, the general envoy shall rectify and investigate the case, listen to the case, and violate and incriminate. "

In the first month of spring in the first year of Shengui (518), Yang, the di chieftain, was appointed King Yinping. Renshen, imperial edict to the capital and the old people of various prefectures, Banjun county have their own differences, and give widows and widows lonely millet silk. In Gengchen's reign, he ordered five people to protect each other. If there is no one to protect, the officials will be taken back to service. Yiyou, Qiangtang rebellion in Qinzhou. There were 3790 dead in Youzhou. The imperial edict issued the imperial edict to the governor. In February, the government announced the turtle as a symbol of auspiciousness, amnesty and reform. Dongyizhou Difan. In March, Difan was founded in southern Qinzhou. In December of Xinwei, the imperial edict said: "life has an end, and it will return to Zhaoyu. There are hundreds of millions of people in the capital, but there is no definite place for the noble and the humble. Today, to the west of the dry preserved mountain, it is planned to be Jiuyuan. " At the age of 20, the eleven states of Dongyi, Xiyu and Beidi sent envoys to pay tribute.

In the first month of the spring of the second year of the tortoise (519), the imperial edict was issued, saying: "the Empress Dowager Juiyi is a self styled woman, and is called Fubei. It is appropriate to follow the old code and call it Zhaoyu nei, which is the Vice Minister of Li Zhengyuan. " In winter and December, Gengshen was granted amnesty. The imperial edict removed the fetish and burned the miscellaneous gods. At that time, Tuyuhun, Dangchang, Dada and other countries sent envoys to pay tribute.

Character evaluation

Wei Shou's "Wei Shu" said: "since the beginning of Xuanwu, Wei's political platform was not open. Suzong Chongling Tongye, Ling empress dowager woman autocracy. Commission is not human, reward and punishment is wrong. Therefore, they provoked all sides and brought disaster to Gideon. They died in Xiangguo for a short time. It's also the beginning of the decline of Xu

Li Yanshou's northern history: "after Xuanwu, Yuan Cheng was the successor, Xiaoming was the successor, Linghou was the autocratic woman, and she was appointed inhuman, and she was rewarded and punished wrongly. Therefore, they quarreled with yunei and brought disaster to bangji. It was not long before he died to enjoy the country, but it was also the beginning of his downfall. "

A certain "childe" of Tang Dynasty (maybe Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty) asked: "is the posthumous title of Xiaoming in line with Xingye?" Yu Shinan said: "the posthumous title of the ancients will be given to the descendants of their husbands, who will be accompanied by them. Today's ministers, no matter what their name is or what they are, must be noble. They have been here for a long time. When filial piety and Ming Dynasty were in decline, they had no virtue of success, and the treacherous officials were good at life. When the female leader was in the court, the clan of Wei fell because of this. Isn't it good to establish a name? "

Relative members

parent

Father: Emperor Xuanwu Yuanke.

Mother: Queen Hu of xuanwuling.

brother

Yuanchang, brother Yuanxu.

Yuan Xu also had a brother, who died early and was not named.

sisters

Princess Taiyuan, married to Pei Xun.

Princess Jiande.

Princess Yangping, married to Yuwen.

Princess Yongtai.

Empress

Empress Hu, the niece of empress Hu and the daughter of Hu Sheng, the governor of Jizhou.

Concubine Chong: Pan Wailian, beloved concubine.

Chong Hua: Lu Lingyuan, the daughter of Fan Yang and Lu daoyue.

Zuo Zhaoyi: Hu Mingxiang, the niece of Empress Dowager Hu.

Er Zhu's concubine: Er Zhu ying'e, the eldest daughter of Er Zhu Rong, the king of Taiyuan, and the concubine of Gao Huan, the powerful minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, married to you, the emperor of Wei Xiaozhuang.

Gao Bin is the niece of Sima Xianzi, the concubine of Xuanwu emperor.

Wang pin, the niece of Wang Puxian, the concubine of emperor Xuanwu.

Zhang Bin, the niece of Quan Chen Yuan Yi (the brother-in-law of Empress Dowager Hu).

Zheng Shifu.

Cui Shifu is the daughter of Cui Xiaofen, the Minister of the Ministry of officials.

Li Shifu, the daughter of Li Zan in Longxi.

daughter

Miss yuan, the only blood and bone of Yuan Xu, was born to pan Chonghua. She was once made emperor by Empress Dowager Hu.

Historical records

Wei Shu Volume 9 emperor Ji No.9

Northern History Volume 4 Wei Benji No.4

Artistic image

1986 TV series Shaolin Hero: Yin Tianzhao plays yuan Xu.

1999 TV series "Legend of Bodhidharma": Zhang Yushan plays yuan Xu.

In 2002, Ji Lei plays yuan Xu in the TV series "affectionate mandarin duck and heartless sword".

In 2016 TV drama "turning an emperor back to modern times 2", Wang Shaoyong plays yuan Xu.

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Xu