Wang Yaochen

Wang Yaochen

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Wang Yaochen (1003-1058), the word Boyong. He was born in Yucheng County, Henan Province. He was a minister, a writer and a calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the fifth year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1027), Wang Yaochen was the number one scholar. I have been promoted to Zhigao and Hanlin. During the Song Xia war, successive pacifiers in Shaanxi Province and Jingyuan road made great achievements in border defense deployment and general appointment. Later, he was appointed as the third secretary of Quan, and played the role of increasing the rent of the people and the year-old class of Kuizhou Yanjing. In the third year of emperor you's reign (1051), he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Privy Council, and served as an internal affairs officer. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), he visited and learned about the political affairs and was in power. His posthumous title is Wen'an. When Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty gave it to Taishi and Zhongshu, he changed his posthumous title to Wenzhong.

Wang Yaochen is good at poetry and CI. He is famous for literature and has been working for more than ten years. He is also proficient in bibliography and has been handed down the general catalogue of Chongwen.

Life of the characters

Wang Yaochen was the number one scholar of dingmaoke in 1027. After Wang Yaochen became the number one scholar, he was given the rank of supervisor and judge Huzhou.

Later, he was called back to Beijing, where he changed his secretary to Zhuolang of the province and zhijixian Academy. Because his uncle Wang Chong violated the law and was implicated, he came to know Guangzhou. During the famine in Guangzhou, the common people gathered to steal. The imperial court wanted to punish them severely. Wang Yaochen Shangshu thought that this was the government's pension during the famine. He could not be criticized severely and was accepted by song Renzong. After his father died of illness, Wang Yaochen left his post to mourn for him. After the mourning period, he served as a judge of the third division, and then promoted to the right division.

After the sudden death of empress Guo, Wang Yaochen asked Renzong to investigate the left and right attendants, and asked to stop the Lantern Festival in Shangyuan to show his mourning.

In the fourth year of Jingyou (1037), he was promoted to the Imperial Academy and became a bachelor.

During the Song Xia war, Wang Yaochen, as a pacifier, asked Renzong to exempt Guanzhong from paying taxes for two years before he left, so as to pacify the people and fight against the enemy. After returning to Beijing, Shangshu analyzed the situation and countermeasures, and Renzong admonished the frontier guards with his intention.

In the first year of Qingli (1041), the song army was defeated by haoshuichuan. Renzong was shocked and killed Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan. Wang Yaochen advised that they should not be so resettled. He also strongly recommended that Zhong Shiheng and di Qing have the talent of generals. Later, Renzong reappointed Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan as envoys, set up the prefecture of Jingzhou, added 30000 troops, and then sent Wang Yaochen as envoys of Jingyuan road. After Wang Yaochen returned to the court, he spared twice on the border defense construction, which was adopted by the court. When his mother died of illness and his mourning period expired, Wang Yaochen turned right to advise the doctor.

In the third year of emperor you's reign (1051), he was promoted to the Privy deputy. Wang Yaochen's custom-made performance was praised and trusted by the imperial court. Some people spread an anonymous letter in the capital, but Renzong still trusted him.

In March of the first year of Jiayou's reign (1056), he was a minister of the Ministry of household affairs and a deputy prime minister.

In the third year of Jiayou (1058), Renzong wanted to promote Wang Yaochen to privy minister, but Hu Su, a scholar of Cao system, resolutely restrained him, so Renzong changed to worship him as the Minister of Li Department. On August 21, Wang Yaochen died at the age of 56. After hearing the obituary, Renzong gave Zuo pushe, the Secretary of state, the posthumous title of "Wen'an".

In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Wang TongLao, the son of Wang Yaochen, presented Wang Yaochen's request to set up song Yingzong's manuscript to ask for credit for his father. Song Shenzong asked Wen Yanbo, another party concerned, for confirmation. Knowing the story, he gave him the title of Taishi and zhongshuling, and changed his posthumous title to Wenzhong.

Main achievements

literature

Wang Yaochen is good at writing poetry and calligraphy. He is famous for his literature. He has written both inside and outside of the dictionary for more than ten years. His diction is warm and beautiful. Su Qi's Lanting postscript has his own handwriting (see history of the Song Dynasty, biography).

bibliography

Wang Yaochen is good at bibliography. In 1034, Zhao Wenguan, Shi Guan, Ji Xianyuan and Mi GE's collections were not complete. He and Shi Guan reviewed Wang Zhu, Guan GE's collation, ou Yangxiu, etc. to revise and compile the collections of the three Mi GE's, summarized their entries, discussed the compilation times, and imitated the Tang Dynasty's Kaiyuan Si Bu Lu, which was compiled into a catalog of 66 volumes. It was played in December of the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1041), and was named Chongwen Zongmu.

Chongwen Zongmu is classified into four parts, with 30669 volumes. Each category is ordered, and each book has a synopsis. The original book has been lost, and only a brief catalogue was handed down in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 1799, Qian Dong and others compiled five volumes from Ouyang Wenzhong Gongji, Yuhai and Wenxue tongkao. The bibliographic method of classification and preface under category has a great influence on later official and private catalogues. Wang Guoyuan, a contemporary bibliographer, said that "he was from Chen and Chao of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he tried the method here, although the book was lost, he could still see the whole book after reading the catalogue." This bibliography is an important official catalogue of the Northern Song Dynasty.

military

In the first year of Jingyou (1034), Li Yuanhao of the Western Xia Dynasty led a large-scale invasion of the Song Dynasty, and Wang Yaochen, the special envoy of song Renzong, served as the pacifier of Shaanxi Province. According to the situation of the enemy and ourselves at that time, Wang Yaochen went to shurenzong before he took office. He thought that according to the old system of the Song Dynasty, envoys sent to various places only asked the officials and generals, but not the civil affairs. It has been more than three years since Li Yuanhao set up his army. The masses in Guanzhong area have been deeply affected by charcoal burning. Men have gone to war, farmland has been deserted, production has been withered, and social order has been seriously endangered. In view of this situation, I would like to ask your majesty to issue an imperial edict to comfort me and exempt me from two years' rent and tax, so as to mobilize the people's strength to resist the enemy. Renzong immediately issued an edict. From this point of view, Wang Yaochen's view on the relationship between popular will and war victory was higher than that of other officials at that time, and he had a strategic vision.

After taking office in Shaanxi, Wang Yaochen seriously inspected the northwest fortress and garrison situation, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Xixia and song army and their respective strategic characteristics. He believed that although the song army had 200000 troops in Shaanxi, it was difficult to concentrate because of the separation of troops to defend the fortress; while Xixia was good at concentrating troops, which were often several times as many as the song army, or even one battle in ten years, so that Xixia won many times, but the song army was tired of defense, and was poor in fighting at the expense of soldiers. According to the situation of attacking and defending sides, the geography of the border and the characteristics of the Western Xia army, Wang Yaochen immediately played the emperor and put forward his own strategic suggestions: the Western Xia army could not enter the border without invasion, but could not retreat with invasion; in the border area, although the terrain was steep and different, the cavalry of the Western Xia army must march on the plain of Dachuan, while the valley plain had Zhai bars built by the song army; the purpose of the Western Xia army's invasion was to capture the enemy Plunder, people fight for themselves, so there is no way forward However, when they entered the Song Dynasty, they divided their forces to suppress and plunder, to drive away people's wealth and to plunder property. At this time, if the song army were to guard the fortress with excellent troops, concentrate superior forces, set up ambush skillfully, cut off its head and tail, and chase and attack, what would the Xixia army be invincible? This made the Xixia army unable to return. In the past, the Xixia army repeatedly took advantage of the opportunity to win and return. The Song Dynasty's frontier generals did not dare and could not pursue them. It was the result of the division of forces that led to the shortage of soldiers. If we still follow the old way today and do not adjust the border affairs, the song army will never be able to win.

At the same time, Wang Yaochen also tactically analyzed the reasons for the defeat of Yanzhou, Zhenrong army and Weizhou Shanwai. The reason why the song army was defeated was that the Xixia army took the initiative to attack and occupied the precipitous resort. However, the generals of the song army were not able to occupy the dangerous fortress, but only had short-term success and short-term benefits. They rushed out in a hurry regardless of the situation. When the troops were tired, they were ambushed by the Xixia army, which led to the defeat and even the destruction of the whole army. Wang Yaochen also believes that the main reason for this situation is that the commander-in-chief did not sum up experience and lessons according to the place and time, adhered to the old tactics and did not think about contingency. For this reason, he put forward some constructive suggestions, such as setting up barracks according to the situation, the commander should have contingency strategy, and measuring the enemy's expedition. Song Renzong attached great importance to Wang Yaochen's military strategic suggestions, and immediately issued an imperial edict to order the frontier generals to follow them.

In addition, Wang Yaochen also attached great importance to the discovery and recommendation of generals. According to historical records, more than 20 frontier generals he recommended to song Renzong all made contributions in the later frontier defense, among which Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were famous frontier generals at that time. In the first year of Qingli (1041), song general Ren Fu underestimated the enemy and was defeated by haoshuichuan (now longdedong, Ningxia). Renzong thought that this was the reason why Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan, who were then deputy envoys of Shaanxi economic strategy, had misdirected and failed to support the army, so they were dismissed from their posts. Wang Yaochen and Shangshu are both talented people in the world, so they should not be dealt with because they are small. Moreover, the defeat of haoshuichuan was due to the fact that commander Ren Fu underestimated the enemy's blind attack and improper command. Han and fan should not be blamed too much. At the same time, he recommended Di Qing, Zhong Shiheng and other generals. Before long, Renzong accepted Yaochen's advice and reappointed Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan. Wang Yaochen himself was appointed as the pacifier of Jingyuan road. During his term of office, he dealt with Yao GUI and his subordinates properly and settled the frontier fortress.

Later, Wang Yaochen was promoted to the post of deputy privy minister and political counsellor. He paid more attention to the northwest affairs. He put forward many suggestions on how to control and reform the system of commanding officials. He also put forward specific measures on how to train soldiers strictly, how to camp the fields, how to enrich the supplies and how to strengthen the military equipment.

personal works

Wang Yaochen wrote Chongwen Zongmu, an important work in the history of bibliography. There are also dozens of volumes of anthologies, which are no longer handed down today.

Character evaluation

Ouyang Xiu: he is a pure man. Although he is expensive, he does not forget to be frugal. He was friendly with his younger brother chun Chen, who was called filial piety in the world. When meeting people with sincerity, there is no affectation. They are good at knowing people, and many people call them. There are many people who recommend people as famous officials.

Zeng Gong: Yao Chen's allusions have been written both inside and outside for more than ten years, and his words are gentle and have the style of Wang Yan.

Tuotuo: when Yao and Chen discussed Keng, it was the best to be just but not for profit.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Yao Chen