Wang Dabao

Wang Dabao

Wang Dabao (1094-1170), also known as Wang Yuangui, er GUI and ER Wang, was born in Tangtou village, Haiyang county (now Guihu Town, Chao'an county, Guangdong Province), and a famous official of the Song Dynasty. In 1128 (the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty), he became a scholar and ranked second in the imperial examination, becoming the only one in Lingnan in the Song Dynasty. He has successively served as a professor in Nanxiong Prefecture, councilor in Privy Council, Commissioner in charge of dengwen drum Court (the Yamen that accepts the appeal from the scholars to the emperor). Wang Dabao has a lot of research on Confucianism, especially on the Yi ology. He has written Jianyuan qinyi, Zhouyi Zhengyi, maoshiguofeng Zhengyi, Shijie, Wang Yuangui's remains, etc. Later generations equated him with Cui Yuzhi and Li Lanying as "Mr. six of Lingnan", and he was promoted as the head of "eight sages of Chaozhou".

Life of the characters

Wang Dabao was intelligent and wise since he was a child. He was knowledgeable in the five classics, especially in the book of changes. He was selected to study in Taixue during Zhenghe period. In 1128 (the second year of Jianyan, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty), he won the recognition of the examiners in the joint examination and was reported as the first. At that time, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was lucky to be in Weiyang (now Yangzhou). Therefore, during the palace examination, Emperor Gaozong promoted Li Yi, the second person in Weiyang, to the top of the list, while Wang Dabao came second. He conferred Nanxiong State professor and privy council counsel, becoming the only one in Lingnan of the Song Dynasty. This is the first imperial examination after Song Gaozong ascended the throne, known as "Longfei list". Wang Dabao felt both glory and regret for this matter, so there is a poem: "Countermeasures in the middle and upper reaches of Danlong, Tianyan Fuyu is inferior to Longtou." After that, Wang Dabao was awarded the title of professor in Nanxiong prefecture (now Nanxiong, Guangdong Province), but he could not afford the salary, so he resigned one hundred days later. After a few years, Wang Dabao successively gave advice to the Privy Council in 1131 (the first year of Shaoxing), to the Imperial Palace professor in 1135, to the imperial court in 1138 (a foreign institution specialized in receiving advice from subjects to the emperor or appealing for injustice), and to Taizhou (now Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province) in charge of advocating Taoism. During this period, he dedicated six volumes of his book of songs to the emperor, and was appointed as the Minister of the state and the storyteller of Chongzheng Hall. Before long, he was a Bachelor of Arts and served as the magistrate of Wenzhou, and promoted the punishment of Fujian and Guangdong. After emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne, he was given a sermon. In 1146 (the 16th year of Shaoxing), Wang Dabao was appointed as the magistrate of Lianzhou. Three years later, he went to Beijing for examination. He had already sympathized with the people's sufferings, that is, he took the opportunity to write that Guangnan Lu Lian, Ying, Xun, Hui, Xin, en and other six states had few households, and commerce was very underdeveloped, so he ordered the small states to reduce their monthly "free money". Wang Dabao's memorial was praised by Gaozong and ordered Guangnan Cao Si to give it a remission. As a result, the burden of the people in the six states has been lightened. After that, he transferred to Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi Province) and wrote poems, books, and explanations to the emperor. After reading it, Gao Zong said to the prime minister, "Dabao, pay attention to the classics. His books are very useful. It can be divided into two parts That is to say, Dabao can be transferred to Beijing. For this reason, he was appointed as the Minister of Guozi and the storyteller of Chongzheng Hall. He witnessed that officials at all levels used taxes such as "Yuechun money" and "Silk money" to overcharge the people in the south of the Yangtze River. He asked the supervisor to check Yuechun for customization and reduce silk money for the benefit of the people. After that, Wang Dabao was successively awarded the titles of Fuwen Ge Zhishi, Wenzhou Zhizhou, Fujian Lu tidian prison and Guangdong tidian prison. During this period, Wang Dabao did a lot of good things for the common people. For example, Kuigang in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, where the mountains are steep and the mountain roads are difficult to walk, the robbers are able to set up ambush and intercept. He personally donated 300000 yuan, cut down miscellaneous trees and paved more than 10 Li Long Stone Road, which made it convenient for pedestrians and safer for them to travel. In June 1162 (the 32nd year of Shaoxing), Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty ascended the throne. He was determined to reform the disadvantages and promote the advantages. He was vindicated by Yue Fei and Zhao Dingping, and recalled Zhang Jun, so Wang Dabao was awarded the title of minister of rites. At the beginning of Wang Dabao's assumption of office, he said to Xiaozong, "the state of Xianming is, and the action is decisive.". Xiaozong was advised not to hesitate on the issue of peace and war. Wang Dabao's words were well received by the emperor Xiaozong, and he was soon granted the right admonishment, and then he was also the Minister of Xiaozong. In 1162, after Wang Dabao became the right counsellor, he successively impeached and dismissed Liu Zhang, the new governor of Tanzhou, and Liao Chi, the governor of Nanxiong; Yin, the judge of tidian prison in Guangxi, fan Guangyuan, the Deputy envoy of Fujian Province, Shen Gai, the Bachelor of Guanwen palace, Zhu Mao, the official of Taiping Xingguo palace in Tingzhou, Wang Che, the doctor of zuotongyi, and Wang Zhiwang, the official of Chuanshan Xuanyu The wild was shocked. All the crafty and sycophantic people in the court called him "King Tiger" with great fear. In the second year of emperor Xiaozong's accession to the throne, it was changed to Longxing. In 1163 (the first year of Longxing), Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty ordered Wang to be the Minister of rites and the right counsellor. He urged Xiaozong to make an early plan to fight against Jin and recover the lost land, and repeatedly impeached Wang Che and other capitulators. Wang Dabao actively supported the military action of Zhang Jun, a famous anti Jin general, and repeatedly clearly pointed out that it was not suitable to fight against Jin, so he became a representative of the anti Jin faction in the imperial court. Under the influence of his positive advice, Xiaozong once determined to fight against Jin and put it into action, thus stabilizing the situation, and Wang also became the Minister of the army. But later, Xiaozong believed in the opinion of Prime Minister Tang situi and removed Zhang Jun's Jianghuai governor's office and other military facilities. In July 1163, Yu Dang Tang Si retired and was promoted to the right prime minister. In December of the same year, he was promoted to the left prime minister. Tang situi sent people to contact with the state of Jin secretly, and ordered the party members to attack Zhang Jun, who "spent a lot of money in the state", and discussed the termination of the governor's office to make peace with Jin. At this critical juncture of national crisis, Wang Dabao once again stepped forward and wrote three memorials one after another. He said bitterly, "today's state affairs are no greater than recovery, no enmity against the golden enemies, no difficulty in attack and defense, and no judgment on personnel. The prime minister's plan was based on his wealth, his military reserve was empty, his division collapsed, and his quota was not removed. I'm afraid that I will not only worry about being despicable, but also suffer from Xiaoqiang. " He strongly denounced Tang situi's capitulationism, but it was not accepted by Xiaozong. Therefore, he angrily resigned from the office of the right counsellor and the Minister of the Ministry of war. In 1164 (the second year of Longxing), the Jin soldiers invaded the south, forcing the Southern Song Dynasty to sign a humiliating "peace treaty" with the state of Jin, recognizing that the relationship between the two countries was "a country of uncles and nephews". In 1165 (the first year of Qiandao), the government and the opposition demanded that Wang Dabao and others should be reappointed to fight against Jin, so he was appointed Minister of rites. However, Wang's strategy of resisting the Jin Dynasty was still not approved by the emperor, and he was repeatedly attacked by the capitulators. As a result, he was physically and mentally exhausted and was forced to resign from his official post. He died in his hometown in 1170. Before he died, he sighed and said: "the recovery of lost land is far away!" After the death of dabaogong, he was buried in the place of "sinking river moon" in Shenqian mountain of lake.

Character evaluation

In Yue Da Ji, Guo Pei of Ming Dynasty listed Wang Dabao, Feng Yuan, Yu Jing, Cui Yuzhi, Li Lanying and Guo Chang as the six masters of Lingnan in Song Dynasty, and praised them as "the spirit of five mountains and the appearance of a hundred generations of scholars". It can be seen that in the Song Dynasty, Wang Dabao was not only the leading figure in Chaozhou, but also the leading figure in Lingnan. In the history of Song Dynasty, Liu Gong, Fan Chengda and other direct officials were included in his biography, which is more than 1300 words long. Wu Daorong, a modern man, pointed out in Guangdong Wenzheng that "after gaiwu's southward journey to Guangdong and Song Dynasties, the figures of Gao and Xiao dynasties should be ranked second to none, not only among the eight sages in Chaozhou.". Wang Dabao attached great importance to righteousness, and Zhao Ding praised him: "the article is learned, understanding and upright, and there is no one from the right." And said with admiration: "I live here, usually recommended no one, you are willing to travel from me, too far away!" Wang Dabao's firm political position was admired by the scholars and the people, so later generations regarded him as the "six masters of Lingnan" and the "eight sages of Chaozhou" by equating him with Cui Yuzhi and Li Huanying. When Ren Jian spoke, he was as famous as Wang Shipeng and was called Er GUI, or er Wang.

Literary works

Wang Dabao studied Confucianism, especially Yi ology. He has written 10 volumes of Zhouyi Zhengyi, many volumes of Shujie, Shijie, 6 volumes of maoshiguofeng Zhengyi, 6 volumes of Jianyuan Memorial, 2 volumes of Jingyan lecture notes, and 15 volumes of Yiwen, all of which have been lost. Only a few poems and essays are scattered in Guangdong Wenzheng and Yongle Dadian. Among them, Han Muzan, qingshuige Ji and fangshengchi Ji are recorded in 5345 of Yongle Dadian, and there is only one Han Muzan in the old Chaozhou Fu Zhi and Haiyang County Zhi.

Historical records

History of Song Dynasty: biography of Wang Dabao

Commemoration of posterity

After his death, Wang Dabao was buried in shenqianshan, Guihu Town, Chao'an county, Guangdong Province. His tomb covers an area of about 4 mu, with a 2.3-meter-high tombstone inscribed with "dabaowang cemetery, Minister of rites of Song Dynasty". In front of the tomb, there are four stone wengzhong, two stone lions, two stone horses, two stone sheep, two stone pillars and two stone shoots, which can be called a large stone carving group in Song Dynasty. The tomb is now a key cultural relic protection unit in the province. Every year, on December 26 of the lunar calendar, all clansmen go to worship. another qiutai square was specially built for Wang Dabao (recorded in Qianlong's Chaozhou Fu Zhi Fang Biao). After several times of maintenance, it was rebuilt in 2009 on the south side of zhuanting alley (Taiping Road, Chengguan Town, Chao'an county, Guangdong Province). The square is a brick and stone structure with four pillars and three rooms. The roof is a hard top. A pair of exquisite stone lions are set on the forehead of the Ming Dynasty. The roof is supported above the forehead of the square. On the ridge of the roof is a pair of dragons fighting for pearls. It's downstairs. It's on the "Enron" side. The South Square of the square is engraved with the word "bang Yan".

Chinese PinYin : Wang Da Bao