Wang Zaijin

Wang Zaijin

Wang Zaijin (July 22, 1567-1643) was an official and scholar of Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, HUYUN was born in xunxian County, Henan Province. Wanli 20 years Jinshi. Li Guanzhong shusheren, Jiangxi buzhengshi, right deputy Yushi, Minister of the Ministry of arms, Minister of the Ministry of arms of Nanjing, Minister of the Ministry of arms. In the case of Wei Weini, he was involved in the compilation of the three dynasties classic. "All the above 30 people should be added to the list of flattery and conviction," Han Yu, a bachelor, said There are "huyunji", "three dynasties Liao Shi Lu", "Yue engraved" and so on.

Life of the characters

Wang Zaijin was a Juren in the 13th year of Wanli (1585) and a Jinshi in the 20th year of Wanli (1592). He was first taught zhongshushe. Later, he was appointed as a doctor by the Li government, a doctor in the Department of rites in Nanjing, a deputy envoy to Fujian, Xingquan bingbei, Huguang counsellor, Huguang tixue counsellor, a right counsellor in Zhejiang, a press envoy in Zhejiang, a right counsellor in Zhejiang, and a left counsellor in Jiangxi. Some of them went through military affairs. In March of the 47th year of Wanli (1619), he was the right deputy governor of the dujianyuan, governor of Shandong and other departments, managing Yingtian and supervising military affairs. Taichang (1620), into the governor river, moved to the Ministry of war left Shilang. In the battle of Guangning, Wang Zaijin was ordered to serve as the left servant of the three departments of household, labor and soldiers, and his resignation was not allowed. After Xiong Tingbi and Wang Huazhen lost Guangning (now North town of Liaoning Province), the imperial court was shocked and killed Xiong Tingbi and Wang Huazhen. On March 18, the second year of Tianqi (1622), the king was the Minister of the Ministry of war and the censor of the right deputy capital in the Jin Dynasty. He was in charge of Liaodong, Jizhen, Tianjin, Dengzhou and Laizhou. The emperor granted mangyu and Yidai monk Fang Baojian. Wang Zaijin analyzed the situation outside Shanhaiguan at that time: "the situation outside Shanhaiguan in the East is not good for the Qing Dynasty and Fuqing, then bad for Kaifeng and Tiefeng, three bad for Liao and Shen, and four bad for Guangning. The first bad is the danger, the second bad is the defeat, and the third bad is the ruin. As for the fourth bad, if we give up the whole Liao Dynasty, there will be no situation! Gradually retreat in the mountains and seas, and then there is no step back. " When Zhang Heming, the Minister of the Ministry of war, returned to Liaodong, he said: "since the Liao war, he died and was imprisoned, and there are many bandits Today's strategy is more difficult than that of the day before yesterday. Wang Zai Jin was a man of iron heart and far-reaching talent. He saw the fire like a candle, and his shoulders were as heavy as a sword. However, he was upright, sober when he was drunk, and his ministers were in the ears of two people in Jin Dynasty In Jin Dynasty, it is not enough to cherish, such as what happened in Liao Dynasty, which is the root of great calamity in Liao Dynasty today. This minister, regardless of suspicion and hatred, was also willing to spit out his courage before the emperor for the great plan of the country. " He was very respectful of Wang. Wang Xiangqian, governor of Jiliao, suggested Wang Zaijin: "if you get Guangning, you can't keep it, and you will be greatly punished. It's better to attach importance to the customs and set up the risk, guard the mountains and the sea, and guard the capital. ". Therefore, in the Jin Dynasty, he used the strategy of "pacifying the prisoners and blocking the pass" to guard the mountain customs. In his book the situation of closing the gate, he said: "paint the ground and build walls, build platforms and villages, build barracks, set up residence, divide troops and line up flints, and keep watch and help each other." In his opinion, "Gaoling has the potential of Chengyong, and Doucheng is like the bottom of a pot. In the past, marquis Wu said that the soldiers would help him. He did not know the battlefield and wanted the winner. Slaves have war, but I have no defense. The mountain and sea pass can't pass the way of paying tribute to the barbarians. The defense of Yan Yuan garrison is guaranteed by two rivers, and He Yi Lu is worried. Now I think that the frontier fortress, this is not a visible natural moat, into the golden soup. He and his colleagues conspired with each other to build the enemy's tower. If you stand alone, you can strike far, but not near. If you are taken by a thief, you can help him to attack with high skill, but I will lose control. There is a plan to rebuild the border town. It starts from Zhima Bay, or from Balipu. It is about 30 Li long. It is surrounded by mountains in the north and reaches the sea in the south. A piece of stone is included in the whole town, including Jiaoshan and Huanxiling. It's tough to close the door like this. " “…… Zhou Xi, a minister of science, ordered that a fee of 4.5 million yuan be paid to consolidate the golden soup. Shen Yingshi, a minister of science, also urged that a border city be built to shield the mountains and seas. He checked the roads and assessed the cost of the town. He said that the cost of building a yamen house, a blunderbuss platform and a house would be included in the estimate. " "The minister said that there must be the power to recover Liao, and then Guangning, and the power to destroy slaves, and then Liao. Otherwise, we have to worry about the endless dispute, the situation that we can't leave behind, and the supply that we can't continue. " He found that Shanhaiguan city itself has a major hidden danger, and proposed to build the heavy city. After the heavy city is repaired, Shanhaiguan city can really become a natural danger and has a strategic vision. The imperial court paid 200000 Liang. His ideas were opposed by yuan Chonghuan, the former commander of Ningyuan army, Shen Dan, and sun Yuanhua, who praised painting. Yuan Chonghuan asked to build Ningyuan 200 li away, but Wang Zaijin didn't listen. Yuan Chonghuan twice directly reported his opinions to Ye Xianggao, the chief assistant. However, ye Xianggao did not know the situation on the front line and could not make up his mind. At this time, sun Chengzong, a bachelor in charge of military affairs, invited himself to Shanhaiguan. Emperor great joy, specially add sun Chengzong Prince Taibao, give Python jade, silver coins, to show long ceremony. After sun Chengzong returned to Beijing, he played in front of Wang, who was not able to be appointed in Jin Dynasty. "His pen and tongue were faster and faster, but he was not able to be powerful and broad." he changed his post to Secretary of the Ministry of war in Nanjing, and soon resigned. In the fifth year of Tianqi (1625), Wang Zaijin was appointed Minister of the Ministry of civil affairs of Nanjing from the former Minister of the Ministry of war of Nanjing, and soon changed to minister of the Ministry of civil affairs of Nanjing. In the first year of Chongzhen, he was called Minister of the Ministry of punishment. Soon after that, he moved to the Ministry of war and attacked sun Chengzong. Later, because of Zhang Qingzhen's change of imperial edict, he returned to his hometown and died in his hometown. He is the author of the record of Liao affairs in the three dynasties. It was banned in the 44th year of Qianlong.

Personal resume

In March of the 27th year of Wanli, the doctor of the Ministry of industry was appointed; in December of the 27th year of Wanli, Fujian Deputy envoy Xingquan was appointed; in September of the 33rd year of Wanli, Huguang counsellor; in June of the 35th year of Wanli, Huguang counsellor; in March of the 38th year of Wanli, Zhejiang right counsellor; in November of the 40th year of Wanli, Zhejiang governor; in April of the 43rd year of Wanli, Zhejiang right governor; in February of the 44th year of Wanli, Jiangxi Zuobu In March of the 47th year of Wanli, the right deputy censor of the capital, the governor of Shandong and other departments, the governor of Yingtian, the governor of military affairs (governor of Shandong); in August of the first year of Taichang, the right Minister of the Ministry of work, the governor of riverway military affairs and the censor of the right capital of the capital; in October of the first year of Taichang, the left Minister of the Ministry of arms was added; in June of the first year of Tianqi, the left Minister of the Ministry of arms and the governor of the third department were added; in March of Tianqi, the Minister of the Ministry of arms and the capital In August of the second year of Tianqi, the Minister of the Ministry of war of Nanjing resigned in September of the second year of Tianqi. In March of the fifth year of Tianqi, the Minister of the Ministry of official of Nanjing. In March of the first year of Chongzhen, the crown prince was the Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In April of the first year of Chongzhen, the crown prince was the Minister of the Ministry of war

Disputes over customs construction

He put forward the strategy of "Fu Lu (buy Mongolia) and Du AI (build another pass city)" as the strategy of guarding the mountain customs, so he had a dispute with sun Chengzong. However, the records in Ming history and Liao Shi Shi Lu of three dynasties are very different.

The edition of Ming history

Sun Chengzong asked Wang Zaijin if he would fill in the existing 40000 people in the old city when the Balipu heavy city was repaired? Wang Zaixin replied that he would send another 40000. sun Chengzong asked, is it a new city outside the old city? Is the pinkeng mine set for the enemy or for himself? If the new town can't be defended, what about 40000 recruits? Wang JINGLUE replied that he had left three strongholds on the mountain for the defeated army. Sun Chengzong asked, is it not to teach them to rout when they build a stronghold to wait for them before they are defeated? Sun Chengzong said, "if we don't plan for recovery, we'll do everything we can to remove the barriers. We'll try to coax the hall and the hall. There's peace in the east of the capital." After that, Wang was speechless in Jin Dynasty, and the conversation ended. (there is no difficulty in Jin Dynasty)

The edition of three dynasties

Wang Zaijin quoted the memorials of sun Chengzong in his own record of Liao affairs in three dynasties. In Wang Zaijin's quotation, there is no mention of "40000 new soldiers" guarding the city. The general content is as follows: after seeing the deployment of the city, sun Chengzong inquired Wang Zaijin that the old and new cities are within eight Li, and there are city defense ditches and facilities outside the old city. If the heavy city's taxi soldiers break up, they will be trapped in their own pit mines and trenches If they are all under the old city, will they open the door to let them in or not? In the Jin Dynasty, Wang told sun Chengzong that there were three mountain strongholds on the mountain. If there were any escapes, they could rush there, and there were three gates to enter the old city. Wang Zaijin also said that border soldiers are easy to escape, even if they are killed, they can not be stopped, but when they are defeated on a large scale, there is no way out. The establishment of the "two cities" not only relies on the city to stabilize the morale of the army, but also can achieve the effect of "death and later generations" and reduce the idea of the border soldiers collapsing. After that, sun Chengzong was speechless and the conversation ended. (I can't respond)

Historical records

Records of Ming history

In Jin Dynasty, in the early Ming Dynasty, Taicang people. Wanli 20 years Jinshi. Teach the book to others. Since the Ministry of Cao Li supervisor, by Jiangxi buzhengshi promoted governor, Shandong right deputy Yushi, into the river. In Taichang, he moved to the army and set up a left servant. The second year of apocalypse, the Ministry of Commerce. In March, he moved to Liaodong, Jizhen, Tianjin and Denglai, where he was the Minister of the Ministry of war and the right deputy governor. In August, he changed the Secretary of the Ministry of war of Nanjing and asked him to return. In the fifth year, he began to serve as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs in Nanjing, and then changed the Ministry of military affairs. In the first year of Chongzhen, he was called to be the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and later moved to the Ministry of war. Zhang Qingzhen changed his imperial edict, cut his books, and died.

Local Records

Wang Zaijin (1570), a native of xunxian County in Ming Dynasty, lived from Longqing to Shunzhi (1567-1661). Ming Wanli 20 years (1592) ascended Jinshi Di, granted Zhongshu Sheren. Li Bu Cao, supervisor, promoted Jiangxi buzhengshi, Shandong governor, Shenghe Nandao governor. In the first year of Taichang (1620), he moved to the left Minister of the Ministry of war. Tianqi two years (1622) Department Affairs. In March of that year, he moved to minister of the Ministry of war, right deputy governor of the duchayuan, and managed Liaodong, Jizhen, and other cities

Chinese PinYin : Wang Zai Jin