Wang Mian

Wang Mian

Wang Mian (1310-1359) was born in Fengqiao, Zhuji, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. He was a famous painter, poet and seal cutter in the late Yuan Dynasty. He was born in a poor family, herding cattle for others when he was young, and became a talent by self-study.

Wang Mian was aloof and arrogant, and despised the powerful. Most of his poems sympathized with the suffering of the people, denounced the rich and powerful, despised fame and wealth, and described the idyllic life in seclusion. There are three volumes of zhuzhaiji and two volumes of sequel. All my life, I love plum blossom, plant plum blossom, sing plum blossom, and paint plum blossom. The plum blossom in the painting is dense and numerous, full of business, vigorous and powerful, which has a great influence on later generations. The surviving paintings include Nanzhi chunzaotu, momei Tu, sanjunzi Tu, etc. It can be used to control seal, create and use huarushi seal. The history of the Ming Dynasty is well-known.

Life of the characters

Early life

Wang Mian was studious when he was young and herded cattle during the day. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge of the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students. After listening, always remember silently. When he came home in the evening, he forgot all the cattle. The father of the crown was very angry and beat the crown. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "the child wants to read so much, why not let him?" Wang Mian left home and stayed in the temple. At night, he quietly came out, sat on the knees of the Buddha, holding a book in his hand, and recited with the light of the long burning lamp in front of the Buddha until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay. They are ferocious and frightening. Although Wang Mian was a child, he looked safe as if he had not seen it. Anyang's Han Xing heard that he was different and accepted him as a student, so Wang Mian became a learned and versatile Confucian. However, he failed to take the exam again and again, so he burned the whole article.

Wang Mian acted differently from ordinary people. He wore a high hat, a green coir raincoat, wooden teeth clogs and a wooden sword. He sang and went back and forth in the city. Or riding cattle, holding "Hanshu" recitation, people with crazy life as it. Li Xiaoguang, the author, wanted to recommend himself as an official of the government. He declared: "I have fields to cultivate and books to read. How can I put a case in court every day for enslavement?" Then he went down to the eastern Wu Dynasty, entered the Huai and Chu dynasties, and experienced the famous mountains and rivers. You Dadu, an old friend's secretary, Tai Buhua, wanted to recommend him to an official position. He resigned and went back to his hometown. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli mountain of Kuaiji. He planted plum blossoms and built three thatched cottages. The title was "plum blossom house". He was the owner of plum blossom house. He sold paintings for a living. He made a small boat named "duckweed Pavilion". He put it in Jianhu and listened to it. He planted plum and bamboo, played the piano and wrote poems, and drank wine.

Refuse to be an official

Zhu Yuanzhang subdued Wuzhou, conquered Yuezhou, and stationed troops in Jiuli mountain. After hearing about its name, he found it and set up a shogunate to consult and join the army. In the 19th year of Zhizheng reign of Huizong of Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang took the military as an official. Mian refused to become a monk and expanded his family into baiyun temple. Xuan died in tianzhang temple in Lanting.

Travel around the world

Wang Mian later traveled in the north. When Wang Mian saw those powerful rulers, his anger became even more uncontrollable, so he wrote a poem to express his melancholy: "call Eagle Qiang Lang, his voice is like thunder, riding children's eyes are like electricity. Always ignorant dementia phase, but also show false power to pick bow and arrow. What can the old Confucian do with knowledge? Empty finger Yunshan thesis presentation. You do not hear, a prime minister from Zhao Gao, I wither as socks line (< I > feeling < / I >)

After he returned to Dadu from north of the Great Wall, his thoughts and feelings of loving the nation and the motherland showed more clearly. One day, he painted a plum blossom, pasted it on the wall, and wrote a poem: "all the ice flowers are like jade, but the Qiang flute can't blow it down." (Biography of poems of the dynasties) said that he did not want to paint for the foreign rulers, but mercilessly satirized the powerful, which made the people who saw him cringe and dare not talk with each other. As a result, he hurt the wounds of the rulers, and they wanted to arrest him. In 1348, he secretly fled back to the South (< I > History of silent poetry, Zhang Chen's biography of Wang Mian).

On the way back to the south, the Yellow River burst its banks, and the rural houses were flooded in the counties along the river. But the government didn't care, so the people had to flee from the wasteland. Seeing this, Wang Mian naturally felt bitter and said to his friend Zhang Chen, "the Yellow River flows to the north. Since then, the world will be in chaos. I have to go back to the south to fulfill my ambition." (< I > biography of Wang Mian and Zhuji county annals by Zhu YIZUN < / I >)

At this time, he heard that his Hangzhou friend Lu Shengsheng was in luanyang (northwest of Qian'an County, Hebei Province), leaving two young girls and a boy unattended. He went to luanyang, buried Lu Sheng, brought two girls and a man back, and kept them at home. In Song Lian's biography of Wang Mian, it is said that there are family boy envoys who are actually these people.

When passing by the Huaihe River, he expressed his own feelings and thought that his arrogant and upright mind was contrary to the cruel reality. In his poem "return to the South", he wrote: "I left the South last year, and return to the north this year. The muddy wine is cheap, the white fish is fat. With whom to speak, lofty and against the world. I feel the most pity for Qiao Guozi. I am poor and say that he is a soldier. "

This trip made him see through human snobbery more clearly. Knowing that his fame had become the flower in the mirror and the moon in the water, he changed his way and lived in seclusion in Shuinan village, Jiuli mountain. He called himself "old dragon" and named the thatched cottage "gengduxuan". During the day, he took part in physical labor, planted rice, sorghum, mulberry and hemp, and painted at night, leading a semi hungry life of "indifference to show ambition".

family life

After Wang Mian became a mountain farmer, his life became more and more difficult. The villagers despised him and made him sad. What's more, he couldn't bear to support his parents. He said in the poem "self feeling": "the common customs are contemptible, so they despise me. Depend on the kindness of parents, rely on the door and rely on Lu. My heart is bitter and sorrowful, and my heart is sorrowful and sorrowful. The mountains compete with snakes and the roads are noisy with jackals. When the sun is setting in the barren forest, I'm ashamed to see that it feeds back. If a crow is like this, what should I do in my life? "

Unfortunately, his father died under the pressure of poverty and illness. While he was sad, he still lived a life of "sour and sweet self love, ragged and ashamed of his wife and children". He sent his mother to Shaoxing to recuperate. His friend Li Xiaoguang, a writer, wanted to recommend him as a government official. Wang Mian said, "I have farmland to cultivate and books to read. How can I send official documents to serve others?" (Zhuji county annals) once again refused to serve the ruling class. He developed a humorous and humorous character. His mother wanted to return home. When he saw Qu Yuan's clothes in the painting of songs of Chu, he built a very high hat and a very wide dress, bought a cart, carried his mother, wore a high hat and a wide dress, hung a wooden sword, sang a folk song, and walked across the village, making a group of children laugh with him, and he didn't care to laugh at them (< I > biography of Wang Mian by Song Lian) 》）。

Wang Gen, his teacher and fellow countryman, highly praised his conduct. Wang Gen visited his mother in person, and later he was a school inspector in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Wang Mian once wore ragged clothes and shoes to visit Wang Gen. when Wang Gen saw this, he immediately washed the dust for him, presented him with shoes and advised him to be an official. Wang Mian put down his shoes and left with a smile (< I > biography of Wang Mian by Zhu YIZUN < / I >).

In a few years, his mother also died. He was very sad and lived a filial life for three years.

Song Lianyun said: "after Mian returned to Vietnam, he said again that the world would be in chaos. When there was nothing wrong in the sea, or he denounced it as false. Mian said, "if you are not me, who is wrong?" But with his wife in Jiuli mountain. There are three mu of beans, three times of millet, thousands of plum trees, half of peach and apricot trees, one area of taro, one hundred of Allium and leek trees, and more than one thousand fish. There are three thatched cottages with the title of "plum blossom house."

With a few words, it can be seen that Wang Mian's remarks on weekdays are in line with people's attitude towards him at that time. In Wang Mian's poems, he often criticized the bad politics of the Yuan Dynasty. After returning from his journey to the north, he publicized that the world would be in chaos. In the eyes of the imperial court, he must be regarded as a liar and not allowed to exist. So it is obviously related to this kind of words that he wants to live in seclusion in Jiuli mountain after returning home.

"Go to the city and hang for nine Li, and go out of Shuangxi. There are no visitors all the time, and there are apes singing all the time. Although the black kite is taboo, the elk is on a blind date. " It can also be seen from these poems that he avoided the mountains because of the common people's taboo.

Living in seclusion in mountain forest

Wang Mian lived in seclusion in Shuinan village of beijiulishan, Fengqiao town, Zhuji, his hometown of beautiful scenery. There are three families in the village who work hard all year round. A stream flows like a belt. The beautiful mountains stand behind the house. The bamboo and wood on the mountain are luxuriant and verdant. The scenery is beautiful and the environment is quiet. As he said in his poem, "the green mountains are hidden with the river, and the windows are quiet." Here he "planted three mu of beans, millet, plum, apricot, taro, Allium and leek, and more than a thousand fish" (< I > Zhiyuan Houji, Volume 10 < / I >). Wang Mian spent most of his life in such a poetic mountain village. His simple life and quiet landscape gave birth to his character of loving life and working people, and gave his poems and paintings a strong flavor of life.

Family history

Wang Mian's ancestors lived in Wangjing (West of Hangu pass) in Guanxi. His tenth ancestor was Wang Deyuan, who was an official of Qingyuan army in Song Dynasty. Wang Deyuan has two sons, one is Wang Qi, who once served as an observer of Langzhou, and the other is Wang Lin, who once served as a commanding officer. Later, Wang Lin moved to Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and became the first ancestor of Zhuji.

Wang Mian's distant ancestor is undoubtedly a bureaucratic family, but Wang Mian's father has become a poor farmer. Xu Xian's "barnyard grass history collection biography" contains: "father Li Nong, crown for Tian family son." In Wang Mian's Zhuzhai poetry anthology, he said: "Mr. Jiuli has two temples. This year's poverty is better than last year's. I don't have clothes to worry about, but I don't have a house to lead. A few mu of bean sprouts will die in summer,

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