Niu Hong
Niu Hong
Niu Hong (545-610 years), the surname Luo, the word Liren, Anding quail Gu (now Lingtai County, Gansu Province) people. He was a minister in Sui Dynasty and the son of gayun in Northern Wei Dynasty.
Young, studious and well read. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he set up the record office of zhongwaifu (yuwenhu), successively served as the chief of internal history, the chief of Nayan, the Minister of internal history, the official of internal history, the general of internal history, and the Duke of Linjing. Master the documents and write notes. After Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty ascended the throne, he was granted the rank of "Sanqi Changshi" and "Secretary Supervisor" and was appointed as the Duke of Jue Qizhang county. In the third year of kaihuang (583), he paid homage to the Minister of rites and asked for the construction of Ming Tang and the establishment of rites and music system. He compiled a hundred volumes of five rites to promote the revival of Confucian culture. He was responsible for the selection of talents and advocated moral conduct before learning. He lived a simple life and did everything courteous. He was kind and devoted to his duty.
Daye six years (610 years), died in Jiangdu, there are anthologies handed down. In Jingshan Forest Park of Lingtai County, Gansu Province, there are three sages' temples, among which Niu Hong is dedicated to three sages.
Life of the characters
Officials of the Northern Zhou Dynasty
When Niu Hong was still in his infancy, a friend met him and said to his father, "this child will be rich in the future. Take care of him." When he grew up, he had a beard, a big face, a tolerant nature, and a good command of knowledge. in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he began to serve as a scholar of Chinese and foreign government records and internal history. Soon after, he became staff sergeant Nayan, who was in charge of writing and had a good reputation. He was moved to general Wei lie and the minister's bodyguard, and wrote notes on daily life. Later, he was granted the title of Linjing. In the first year of xuanzheng (578), he was transferred to a senior official in the internal history, and was promoted to the rank of envoy Chijie, general and Yitong.
Major in rites and music
In the early years of the Sui Dynasty, he was promoted to the rank of official and Secretary Supervisor. Because of the loss of literature and classics, Niu Hong went up to the imperial court and asked for a way to offer books among the people. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty adopted his advice, so he issued an imperial edict to offer a book and a piece of horse. In one or two years, the literature was a little complete. Niu Hongjin was the Duke of Qizhang County, with 1500 households. In the third year of kaihuang's reign (583), he was awarded the Minister of rites and was ordered to compile the five rites, which was written in 100 volumes and is popular in the contemporary era. Niu Hong asked to build Ming Tang according to ancient rules. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty didn't accept his suggestion because his country had just been founded and had no time to make it. In 586, Niu Hong was appointed as taichangqing. In the ninth year of kaihuang (589), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an imperial edict to change the elegant music, to make the lyrics of Yuefu, to write the Kaiyue of the five emperors of Yuanqiu, and to discuss the music. Niu Hong put forward a proposal, asking for the palace of Huangzhong in November and the palace of ethereal cluster in December. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty said: "it is not necessary to make the rotating phase as the palace. For the time being, it will be Huang Zhong Yi Jun Niu Hong also submitted a proposal to Zhengding Xinle. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty thought that his suggestion was very good. He ordered Niu Hong, Yao Cha, Xu Shanxin, he Tuo, Yu Shiji and others to set up new music. This was recorded in the records of temperament. After that, the emperor ordered Niu Hong to present historical stories one by one to discuss the pros and cons of the Ming hall. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty respected him very much.
People admire it
At that time, Yang Su looked down on people with talent and wealth, and despised the minister. Only when he saw Niu Hong did he feel awed. Yang Su is going to attack the Turks. He often says goodbye to Niu Hong. Niu Hong sent Yang Su to the middle gate and stopped. Yang Su said to Niu Hong, "the general is on the March, so I come to say goodbye. Why is it so close to seeing each other off?" Niu Honggong arched his hand and retreated. Yang Su said with a smile: "Qi Zhang Gong can be said to be as intelligent as he is stupid." I don't care about it. Not long after, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty granted Niu Hong the great general and the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. At that time, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ordered Niu Hong, Yang Su, Su Wei, Xue Daoheng, Xu Shanxin, Yu Shiji, Cui Zifa and others to gather together the Confucian scholars to discuss the importance of the criminal law of homicide in the new law. Everyone admired Niu Hong's opinions. In the second year of Renshou (602), empress Dugu died. Since then, no minister below Sangong has been able to decide on the ceremony for the burial of the empress. Yang Su said to Niu Hong, "you are an old scholar. People admired you very much at that time. Today's business is up to you to decide." Niu Hong didn't give in at all. After a while, all the rituals were arranged and well founded. Yang Su sighed: "the system of rites and music of the gentry is all in Niu Gong's place. We can't catch up with him!" Because of the three-year mourning period, Niu Hong's sacrificial ceremonies for Daxiang and Xiaoxiang were reduced in time and standard. After 11 months of mourning, he held Xiaoxiang's sacrificial ceremony. There was no precedent to follow. He told this to Gaozu, who accepted his advice. It was Niu Hong who issued an imperial edict to confirm the ceremony of mourning. Niu Hong was in the Ministry of officials. When electing talents, he first looked at morality and then literary talent, and he was cautious. Although the selection was a little slow, most of the people he employed were competent. Gao Xiaoji, the Minister of the Ministry of official, was good at appreciating, smart, incorruptible and cautious. But he was more than cool and handsome, and his deeds seemed to be too frivolous. At that time, most of the people in power doubted him. Only Niu Hong knows his true talent and pushes his heart to appoint him. The election of the Sui Dynasty was the fairest. At that time, people even admired Niu Hong's great insight.
Yang Guangqin
When Yang Guang was the crown prince of the East Palace, he gave Niu Hong poems and books several times, and Niu Hong also had poems and books to answer. After Yang Guang succeeded to the throne, he once gave Niu Hong a poem: "the official Department of Jinjiashan, Lu Shangshu of Wei Dynasty. Mo Yan's sages are different, and his talents are different. To learn and practice the customs of the times, Tao and Su are the essence of emptiness. At the beginning of the emperor's reign, the ceremony was held in Nayan cloud Pavilion. Yi Lun Xin has a narrative, hanging arch incident As for the praise of words, those who were given poems together were not as beautiful as those given Niu Hong's poems. In the second year of Daye (606), he was promoted to general. In the third year of Daye (607), he was changed to doctor youguanglu. With Yang Guang paying a visit to Hengyue, Niu Hong decided on the money in the altar and the prison in front of him. After going down Taihang Mountain, Yang Guang once led Niu Hong to the inner tent and gave him a table to eat with empress Xiao. He was treated with such courtesy. Niu Hong said to his sons, "I've been treated very well, and I've suffered a lot. You children and grandchildren should stand on your own with honesty and respect for your duties in order to repay the great kindness of the imperial court. " In 610, he visited Jiangdu with emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. In November of this year, he died in Jiangdu county at the age of 66. Yang Guang was deeply grieved and gave many gifts. His posthumous title is "Xian".
Personality traits
Niu Hongrong was in favor of the world, but his car and clothes were very common. He was polite to the upper class and benevolent to the lower class. He was slow to speak but quick to act. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty once asked him to announce the imperial edict. Niu Hong went down the steps and could not speak. He went back to see the emperor and apologized, "I forgot." Sui Wendi said: "pass a few words, this is just a little talent, you can't, it seems that you are not the material to be prime minister." More praise for his simplicity and integrity. During Daye period, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty paid more attention to him. Niu Hong was generous and devoted to learning. Although his official duties were complicated, he could not put down his work. In the Sui Dynasty, Niu Hong was the only one who could always be trusted. Niu Hong has a younger brother named Niu Bi, who is fond of drinking and gets drunk as soon as he drinks. He once shot the cow in Niu Hong's cart because he was drunk. When Niu Hong came home, his wife said to him, "Uncle shot the cow." Niu Hong listened, no strange smell, only said: "to eat vegetables." Niu Hong sat down, his wife said: "uncle suddenly shot the cow, what a strange thing!" Niu Hong said, "I already know." His face did not change and he still read. That's how he treats people.
Personal contribution
Niu Hong is the first person to study the history of book collection. He studied and summarized the lost books before Sui Dynasty, and put forward the famous "five evils theory" of book collection, which has a profound impact on the study of book collection culture in later generations. He also began to sort out the royal collection. After the publication, the classics were gradually prepared. However, when he checked the collection, he found that most of the paper and ink were not accurate, and the writing was poor. So he compiled the collection and kept the ancient books. The scholars who summoned all over the world, such as Jing Zhao Wei, Nanyang Du, and so on, made up the incomplete books in the Secretary province. They were the first three copies and the second three copies, which were stored in the palace. The rest were stored in the three cabinet of the Secretary, with more than 30000 volumes. Together with Wang Shao and other scholars, he compiled four catalogues in the fourth year of kaihuang period, four catalogues in the eighth year of kaihuang period and four catalogues in the twentieth year of kaihuang period, which contributed to the book arrangement of Sui Dynasty. He was good at literature, passed laws and decrees, and ordered him to write 18 chapters and 500 articles of Daye law.
Historical evaluation
The book of Sui: Niu Hongdu was a good scholar and an official. He was elegant and broad-minded. He took the profits and losses of hundreds of kings and became the rules of a generation. He was a great uncle and grandson of Han Dynasty. For more than 30 years, we have been preparing for the danger of extinction. Although it's not his strong point to start a business, it's not clear about it and it's not turbid about it. Son is not really talent, respect the foundation is not structured, do discipline and commit righteousness, in order to fall family tradition, cherish! Ye Shi: Niu Hong is shallow but not vulgar, soft but not weak. He is the middle ear in governing the world. If we say "Shu Wu Er", then Qian Peng has not been able to discuss it. However, in the history of Daye, he met milong, the old minister of Sui Dynasty. He always trusted him, regretted his lack of money, and was the only one. But he died in Daye for three years, which made him less and more permanent. What is the origin of Suwei? The scholars are lucky and unfortunate, so they can't make a final conclusion. Xu Jun: if you shoot an ox, you will be angry. If you ask three questions, how can you be patient. The woman of Deshi refused to listen, for she grieved my brother heaven.
member of family
elder
Grandfather: Yi Chi, he was appointed Zhongzheng in the county. father: gayun, a minister in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Minister of the Ministry of industry, and Duke of Linjing, was given the surname Niu.
descendants
The eldest son: Niu Fangda, a scholar of internal history; the second son: Niu Fangyu, following Yu wenhuaji, participated in killing emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty and the governor of Laizhou in Tang Dynasty. In July of the second year of Zhenguan (628), he dismissed his name and exiled to the frontier for the crime of treason and regicide.
Chinese PinYin : Niu Hong
Niu Hong
