Niu Zhaolian

Niu Zhaolian

Niu Zhaolian < I > (1867-1937) < / I >, with the name of Mengzhou and lanchuan. He was born in Lantian County of Xi'an city and was a great scholar in Guanzhong in the late Qing Dynasty. When he was young, he became a famous master of Neo Confucianism.

In 1884, he studied in Guanzhong Academy. In 1886, he was employed as a tutor. He once taught in Lantian Yunge academy and Sanyuan Qinglu academy, and later generations respected him as Mr. LAN Chuan. After the revolution of 1911, he regarded himself as a adherent, and then actively advocated Anti Japanese. In July 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out and he died soon after. Niu Zhaolian wrote 4 volumes of Lu's posthumous letters, 16 volumes of Yun Ge Li Ji Zhuan, 14 volumes of Jin Si Lu Lei Bian, etc. He also wrote the continuation of Lantian County annals.

Profile

Niu Zhaolian (1867-1937), named Mengzhou, was born in minghegou, Xinjie village, Huaxu Town, Lantian County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he was a famous Neo Confucianist, a representative of Guan school, an outstanding Neo Confucianist, educator and social activist. Because his former residence and lecture house were all located in the bashui river area of Lantian, he was named lanchuan. He was honored as "a great scholar in Guanzhong" and "a man in Guanzhong after Hengqu". He was also widely recited as "Niu talented man" among the people in Guanzhong.

Life

Niu Zhaolian was born in Xinjie village, Huaxu Town, Lantian County, Xi'an City in 1867. It is said that when he was born, his father Niu Wenbo had a dream that Zhou Dunyi, a scholar of Song Dynasty, "Mr. Lianxi", came to his home, and he named his son "Zhaolian" with the word "Mengzhou". Niu Wenbo also studied for several years. Because his family was poor, he dropped out of school and started a business, so he attached great importance to the education of his children. Niu Zhaolian was a famous "prodigy" in the countryside when she was a child. When she was 21 years old, she won the exam, but because she had to support her parents, she didn't go to Beijing to take the exam. At the age of 26, he went north to Sanyuan County, where he Ruilin, a neo Confucianist, was his teacher. Mr. He mentioned it. He said that it was at my mother's command (my father was dead at that time). My mother didn't expect anything else as long as I learned to be a good man. Mr. He instructed him to follow the path of Neo Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu. Since then, he has focused on Confucianism and practiced it. the Guanzhong School of Confucianism pays attention to the study of things and the application of the world, and has a positive spirit of joining the world. Niu Zhaolian also pursued the principle of "learning to be a good person" all her life. She responded to every request and was virtuous in the countryside. In 1900, when there was a great famine in Guanzhong, Niu Zhaolian took the initiative to take charge of the relief affairs of Lantian County. His son wanted to find a job in the relief Bureau and get a small salary to support his family, but Niu Zhaolian also refused.
In 1893, he went to Sanyuan to worship he fuzhai (Ruilin) as a teacher and said, "I wish Lian could learn to be a good man, but he is not what he expected."! Mr. He is filial and sincere, and takes it as his subject. In his whole life, he pursued the principle of "learning to be a good man". He was self-sufficient in cloth clothes, did not admire honor and profit, and was honest and honest. He devoted himself to the study of Neo Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, and was proficient in Zhouyi. He was good at logical reasoning and foresight, so he was called "sage". He devoted his whole life to education and had countless students. In his life, Mr. Wang pursued a life of seclusion in which he was indifferent to his ambition. But in troubled times, for the sake of the national economy and the people's livelihood, he often ran around regardless of his personal safety, making his life full of legend. In 1882, he took part in the county examination and ranked first. In 1884, he studied in Guanzhong academy, and later entered zhixuezhai, specializing in Confucian classics. In the second year, he served as the chief of Zhi Xue Zhai. Because of his wide range of hobbies, he has read many books about military, agriculture, money, grain, water conservancy and arithmetic. In 1886, he was employed as a teacher. In 1888, he was taught by Bai Jingwei in Guanzhong academy, Li jupu and Huang Xiaolu. The next year, the 28th place in the local examination. Duan Fang, the governor of Shaanxi Province, asked the imperial court to be spared because of his father's death and his mother's illness. But he didn't want to be famous, so he couldn't give up. In 1890, he was the head of Baishui academy and began to study Cheng and Zhu. In 1893, he went to Sanyuan to worship he fuzhai as his teacher. In 1898, he managed the Liya Bureau of Lantian County, and later presided over the county relief Bureau. He was honest and upright, personally formulated the regulations, took the lead in implementing them, and strictly required his subordinates. When there was a great disaster in Shaanxi, the harvest dropped sharply. Niu appealed to the society to help him. He was donated by Jiangnan charity and saved many people's lives. Later, he resigned because he hated officialdom and gave lectures in the Yunge society. In 1901, the Qing government set up special economic subjects to select special talents. Sheng Yun, governor of Shaanxi Province, recommended cattle and gave them travel expenses to Beijing. But he didn't go there because he specialized in economics and history. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), he was promoted to rebuild Shaanxi No.1 normal school with Guanzhong academy, and employed Niu as the general teacher. He wrote six or seven times in a year to urge him. He thought that he was determined to study and could not keep company with officials. He also said that he could not learn from the new school. In the end, the governor sent someone to meet him at the door with the letter of appointment and the salary, and then reluctantly followed him. But three months later, because of the school's opinions, he decided to leave and still managed Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism. In the autumn of 1907, Niu was elected as a member of the Advisory Council, and later as a permanent member. He went to Xifu area, which was the most seriously affected area by opium, for 20 days, which effectively promoted the prohibition of smoking in this area. Soon, because of the corruption of the Manchu government, he resigned from the post of permanent Councillor and gave lectures in Luzhai Academy. In 1911, after the victory of the revolution of 1911, the new government repeatedly called on him to participate in the revolution and discuss major issues. However, he was lack of understanding of revolution, and thought that the distinction between himself and the Qing monarchs and ministers had been decided early. He refused every time because of his poor health. At the beginning of 1912, the former governor of Shaanxi and Gansu Province led troops to attack Shaanxi in an attempt to restore the imperial dynasty. Regardless of his personal safety, Niu left Liquan in the West. He explained his interests in terms of people's livelihood and the current situation, and made Sheng agree to strike. Since then, he devoted himself to lectures in Qinglu academy, and took promoting Confucianism as his own duty. He came to study with increasing popularity. After Yang Hucheng became the chairman of Shaanxi Province, he sent Cao Hanying, the head of Lantian County, to lead more than ten gentlemen to invite Niu as a consultant with the letter of appointment and the dowry, but Niu's resignation was not accepted. In 1926, when the warlords were fighting together, Mr. LAN Chuan wrote: "great calamity to the Central Plains, minor calamity to the Qin Dynasty, and even minor calamity to the neighbors.". If Heaven remembers the sufferings of the people, don't teach them to be great. In 1930, the ambition of the Japanese aggressors first appeared. Mr. Wang was extremely indignant at the government's insistence on capitulating and slaughtering itself. He wrote the poem "I will tell you clearly", stating that the enemy is facing the present, unity coexists, calling for unity and ending internal strife. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Niu was filled with righteous indignation. He reduced his meals for several months to show his patriotism. He actively advocated boycotting Japanese goods, encouraged students to love the country and save the nation with the theory of "fighting against foreigners", and wrote the poem "the ballad of the wall". We call on all of us to go to the national calamity and unite to resist the aggression. We advocate boycotting Japanese goods and reducing the consumption of March. After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident in 1936, he was deeply moved, believing that "the whole people unite to resist the enemy, and thus carry forward, there will be a day of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.". He personally organized 300 soldiers to join the army and serve in the battlefield. After the Lugouqiao Incident broke out in July 1937, Japan sent eight more divisions to China to prepare for a large-scale attack on North China. Niu Zhaolian, who was ill in bed, was in agony after hearing the news. Her condition became worse and worse, and she died angrily on July 21.

Writing poems and essays

His works are abundant, including 4 volumes of Lu's posthumous letters, 16 volumes of Yunge Liji Zhuan, 14 volumes of jinsilu Lei Bian, Yinxue Bianwei, Yunge Liji yuanyao, Qinguan Shiyi Lu, Lantian Xinzhi, etc., as well as 12 volumes of lanchuan Wenchao, 6 volumes of lanchuan Wenchao Xu, and lanchuan Shigao, etc.

Notes on the learning house of Yunge

The heart of heaven and earth depends on people, but it must be based on people's learning, so as to win the heart of heaven and earth. This is the place where he lives. It is the heart of heaven and earth. It has been passed down because of this. Therefore, the Yun Pavilion academy still exists today. Yun Pavilion, the Xiangxian song Lu and uncle also known. Lu's Kunzhong, four people who worshiped the local sages, and his uncle, Guangxu Zhong, were promoted to Confucius court. His learning originated from Yuancheng and Zhang, and he was well known in Zhuzi. He could not be said to have won the heart of heaven and earth. In the 19th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Ruan Gong, the governor, built a special ancestral hall, which was called Houyun temple. In Hongzhi, Wang Ti learned from Yunfeng and built Yunge academy to promote orthodox learning. I regret that there is no one to inherit it, and that it will be overturned. There are Qing heavy road, listed in the sacrificial ceremony, repair and replace. It is said that the officials who are here will show up, and the ancestral hall will enter later. It is also said that they will respect the rites according to their affairs. However, the academy has not been restored, and there are still no canons. After the coup d'etat, my friend Zhang junyuanji of Maoling once said this, saying that this temple is related to Guanxue and can not be postponed. With my younger brother Ji Yuanxun, I advocate donating to the governor to build the ancestral temple, which is a place to start a school! It's the beginning. When he was not old enough, Zhao Lian read with him, but Li Zhishi only came here. He regretted that the first task was to set up a school, but to donate a low salary. He also asked Chen dujun to set up a vassal to allocate a large sum of money. Before the start of the project, Governor Liu Zhenhua successively allocated funds, and the number of funds increased. So he built Xiangshe, built the style of Chongji, and Yunge Xueshe started in yantuo. The name of humble academy is modest. It has been more than ten years since the completion of the project. with the changes of current events, Confucius' words are not accepted by educators. Learning to give up a rafter depends on the spirit of the sages in heaven. In order to learn from Confucius and keep the heart of heaven and earth, I am not very lucky. Then he went into all the students and told them, scholars, therefore, learn to be human. Humanity, not sage can not be done; sage, not Confucius can not be to the extreme. Confucius was born to show humanity, which is the heart of heaven and earth. Today's Confucius

Chinese PinYin : Niu Zhao Lian