Pan tanzhang

Pan tanzhang

Pan tanzhang (1626-1663), the elder brother of Pan Lei, was born in Xigang, Pingwang Town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province. Historians in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. After the death of Ming Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in his hometown and studied hard, especially in history.

In the second year of Kangxi (1663), because of the Ming history case in nanxunzhuang, Zhejiang Province, Wu Yan and he were lingchi in bijiaofang, Hangzhou. His works include textual research on national history and Songling documents.

Life of the characters

He studied in his early years

Pan Zhizhang studied from his father pan Kai at the age of 9. He was a student member of Buxian county at the age of 15. He was a relative of Zhou daodeng and was friendly with Wu Yan and Zhu Heling. Gu Yanwu's book "textual research on the history of the state" was carefully reviewed by him. At the age of 20, pan was well versed in astronomy, geography and so on. You loved historiography and paid attention to the collection and collation of rural literature and the deeds of rural sages. He once compiled a book named "Songling literature", which extracted all the contents related to Songling in the process of reading the historical books, Zhicheng and Anthology of the previous dynasties, accumulated them into a series to record the deeds of rural sages and their poems. The history said that the book is "simple in diction, no flashiness, no praise, no detachment, and readers are convinced of its profound, which is called a glimpse of historical talent".

Writing history in Qing Dynasty

After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he did not forget his homeland. He often visited the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing to praise the achievements of emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. He also praised the national integrity of the famous generals Lu Xiufu and Xie Ao of the late Song Dynasty who swore not to be an official of the Yuan Dynasty with poems to encourage themselves. He also wanted to write a book "tongjianhouji" to record the history of song and Yuan Dynasties, and also wanted to write a history of Ming Dynasty to express his thoughts of his homeland. Five years after the death of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the fifth year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1648), pan started to write the Ming history style, decided to adopt the biography style of historical records, and initially drafted to write 18 chapters, 12 books, 10 tables, 90 aristocratic families and 200 biographies, which was named historical records of the Ming Dynasty. At the same time of writing the historical records of the Ming Dynasty, he also decided to use the collected anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty and the materials that are impressive enough to inspire future generations in the form of epic, which is entitled "today's Yuefu". In the preface of Jin Yuefu, pan tanzhang once talked about the purpose of writing this book: "the Ming historical records is half original, or that the remaining two people have no disease of following the truth. However, many princes and generals who are praised and criticized have power, and at the beginning of the book, they have seen and heard a lot, so they are cautious. Thank you. Private thoughts are the rules of the book, which must be obeyed in today's world and believed in the afterlife. Therefore, we have no choice but to entrust them to poetry. That's what the present Yuefu did The poems in this book are modeled after Bai Juyi's new Yuefu style. Each work is mostly titled with two characters, and the purpose of writing this poem is marked under the titles of the catalogue, such as "Yahu pass", which satirizes Li Ning for abandoning his land. " "Mrs. Ke, Ji Rujia's political disorder." "Hongge Zhao, the change of Ji Jiashen." "Xianxia pass is also a sad story." The two volumes of this book have the same titles. The first volume is written by Wu Yan, and each chapter is followed by comments made by Pan tamzhang. The second volume is written by Pan tamzhang, and Wu Yan makes comments, which shows the purpose of the two people flaunting each other. In the next few years, pan searched extensively for materials and devoted himself to writing. He first made a long-term compilation and classified all the materials, then compared the similarities and differences, and strictly assessed them until they were properly written. At the same time, pan also humbly consulted Gu Yanwu, Qian Qianyi and other university students. Gu and Qian have long admired Pan's ambition and supported their cause. From the material selection, style and content compilation of historical records of Ming Dynasty, many opinions have been put forward. Gu Yanwu, in particular, had long been associated with pan tamzhang and regarded him as a "fearing friend". In order to support him in compiling historical records of the Ming Dynasty, Gu specially lent them all the more than 1000 volumes of relevant historical materials he had collected for reference. After several years of hard work, in 1654, Jin Yuefu was completed. In addition, while writing Jin Yuefu and historical records of the Ming Dynasty, pan tamzhang also imitated Sima Guang's "Tong Jian" and Li Tao's "Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Chang Bian", which included the textual criticism in the notes, and wrote the book "Guo Shi Kao Yi", so that he could communicate with Jiang Cheng《 The history of the Ming Dynasty. Qian Qianyi and Gu Yanwu praised the book after it was finished. At that time, Qian Qianyi himself was writing the book "Taizu Shilu dialectics" and read the book "national history Kaoyi" of Tamarix chapter. He felt that he had received a lot of gifts and felt that he was not as good as himself, so he revised the book. With Gu and Qian's high seniority and academic excellence at that time, they also highly praised Pan's textual research on national history, which shows Pan's profound historical attainments.

Lingchi involved in the case

People are waiting for an early publication of Ming historical records, a great work of Ming history, which dares to compete with Sima Qian's historical records. However, just when pan was buried in writing and his great achievements were about to be completed, "Ming historical case" broke out. In February of 1663, pan was arrested for being implicated. It turns out that when Zhuang's descendants printed the history of Ming Dynasty, they admired Pan's name and invited them to read it. In the printed book, they listed Pan's name in the list of references, which was regarded as important and implicated pan. During the trial, some "accomplices" begged the Qing court for mercy in order to survive. Wu Yan lashed out at the officials, saying that "officials can't afford to be embarrassed and kick their servants with their fists.". In June of the same year, he and Wu Yan were sent to bi Jiaofang in Hangzhou. His wife Shen was exiled to Guangning (Beizhen County, Liaoning Province). She aborted midway and Shen took medicine to commit suicide. All the manuscripts of historical records of the Ming Dynasty were copied and burned, and even the 1000 volumes of books Gu Yanwu lent them were burned.

People mourn

Gu Yanwu wrote the second section of the memorial ceremony to Wu Yan in Fenzhou to commemorate him and Wu Yan: a hundred grass remains in the open forest, and there is a mourning to lay pepper orchid in the wind. The blood of Jiuxi river turns to green spring, and the soul of Artemisia returns to cold day. A generation of articles died Zuoma, and the benevolence and righteousness for thousands of years was in wupan. The funeral of witches and witches is scattered, so it's hard to visit the letters. His younger brother pan Lei compiled the collection of Sui Chu Tang. Pan Lei's preface to the textual research of national history: "Li Tian, the deceased brother, lived in seclusion in his prime, devoted himself to historical events, and discussed and wrote with Mr. Wu chiming. You Bo, the late brother, is very good at textual research. He is not good at Sima Wengong's method of writing books. He is a general reference. He first grew up and compiled the books, and then did some textual research, so there are few contradictions. Li Renfu imitated his style and compiled the books for the nine dynasties. Although there is no name for textual research, those with different deeds are included in the notes, which will be a good history later. "

Related literature

From biographies of scholars in Qing Dynasty

He (Pan Tamarix Zhang) was born with a unique talent and was extremely intelligent. At the age of nine, he received the article from his father, cut it off and burned it in the fire. He was born in Tongxiang in the 15th year. After the chaos, he abandoned and lived in seclusion in Jiuxi. He is not familiar with astronomy and geography. He has been specialized in history. During the three hundred years of nianmingxing, the emperor, the virtuous and the assistant of the Ming Dynasty, the cultural relics of the system of politics, religion, rites and music were well prepared. However, Wu Yan, a friend of mine, had a similar idea. He made an appointment to compile historical records of the Ming Dynasty. First, it was set as the target, including 18 Deji, 12 Shushi, 10 Biao, 40 Shijia and 200 liezhuan. Li Tian wrote the chronicles and other records. Yan was divided into aristocratic family and biography. The rules of chronology and calendar belong to Zhu Wang Xi. The exiled bandits and their husbands died for chastity, while the officials belonged to Zhu Dai Li. The most rare record in private can be obtained from Li Tian's products. Gu Yanwu in Kunshan, Li Xunzhi in Jiangyin and Chen Jisheng in Changzhou are familiar with anecdotes and have a large collection of books. Jian Kaiyan wrote his manuscript to judge Qian Qianyi of Yushan. Qian Qianyi was very kind. He sighed, "I'm old enough. I don't want to see you again today! I hope that the remaining embers are still here, and I will give them to you. " So the boat returned. Qian Yi's Shi Lu Zheng Zheng, and Li Tian's Guo Shi Kao Yi, are quite refuted and corrected, and the number of Yishu is repeated, so Qian Yi can win. After several years of writing, Shi Xingcheng became 67 out of 10, and the Zhuang family in Nanxun began to go to prison. When we read the book of Zhuang, we can see that the names of the emperor and Yan are all related to difficulties. In fact, the Zhuang family took Zhu Guozhen's Shi Gai as the blueprint, and neither of the two monarchs had an eye for it. They were led by fame, which led to disaster, which was regretted by the critics. Only the six volumes of textual research on the history of the state were published in the series of gongshuntang and the hundred volumes of Guoyan. They are the first draft of historical records of the Ming Dynasty. They are only copies and have been enlisted in the Museum of history of the Ming Dynasty. Yu ruo's Songling literature, Du Shi Boyi, xingmingkao and renlin Jiuxi collection have been copied into several volumes, but there is no way to visit them.

Selected Poems

[bingshen cold food]

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The first rain on the street, people want to cut off smoke. Long for March, recalling ten years ago. In the hall of mausoleum, in the field of tomb. And home country tears, a Aspen days.

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I suddenly remember my dead friend Xie two weeks ago

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two people are few, the elegy can be heard. Poetry in front of flowers is different, and wine stars in the sky. Let's go together in Li Li. I wish you no success in Huanxi. Huang huaru persuades guests to stop at Mojiao.

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Listen to Chen Lianshi play the piano

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Shang Xianchuan made a speech, and Yuan's speech vibrated Jilin. White crane under the court, the north wind slightly to invade. It's hard to think about it. I am in charge of the dragon, singing in the air. the song will be smooth and the flowers will fall deep at the entrance. It's not only a matter of being tired, but also a matter of being clear. Bi tung trees in the hills, frost and snow congealing strange sound. I would like to take the stem and present Zihui gold.

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Early autumn in Juncheng

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the west wind is light in hunting arm eagles, but the plain pheasants and rabbits are not seen. Yuzhang dingning has nothing to do, just to rise up the surrender city.

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Bai Yunquan is the place where Bai Taifu wrote poems

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Bai Gong left a tablet, and there was a pavilion in the setting sun. Let me ask you, how can a trickle fight for the sea? How can it end in a clear mountain.

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Four poems in tiger forest

I've been learning to avoid fame for many years, but I've been learning to avoid fame for no reason. If you don't dare to be the same as Zhang Jian, you should know that you are ashamed of Guan Ning. Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö. Self pity for the rotten grass is lost in the same way. Wu Guanyi Road

Chinese PinYin : Pan Cheng Zhang