Xiangfei Temple

Xiangfei Temple

Xiangfei temple, also known as Xiangshan temple, is located in the east of Junshan mountain. It is one of the earliest temple buildings in Hunan. According to the records of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, the 28th year of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (Note: 219 BC) From Fujiang to Xiangshan temple. " According to a brief history of Xiangjun Temple written by Li Mishi, the magistrate of Baling County in Tang Dynasty, "in the past, people set up Xiangjun temple on this mountain, which is called Junshan again. Its temple was destroyed by the king of Qin, and it has not been constructed for a long time." It can be seen that before the Qin Dynasty, there were Xiangfei temple, where Xiangfei, the two concubines of Yushun, e Huang and nvying, were worshipped.

cultural background

It is said that Xiangfei was a character at the end of the primitive society in China (more than 4000 years ago) and the two daughters of Emperor Yao. At that time, the society implemented the abdication system. Emperor Yao realized that Shun was very talented and wanted to pass on the throne to shun. In order to investigate Shun for three years, he married his daughters, e Huang and nu Ying, to shun. With the help of e Huang and nu Ying, Shun passed the inspection period smoothly. After Yao, he ascended the throne of God and became one of the most promising five emperors in ancient China. In view of the merits of Shun's two concubines, Liu Xiang's biography of lienvzhuan Muyi in the Han Dynasty was named the 102 concubines. After his death, he became the God of Xiangshui, also known as yuandehou. In order to commemorate them, people built Xiangfei temple in Junshan.

Reconstruction of Xiangfei Temple

In history, Xiangfei temple was destroyed many times and rebuilt many times. The Xiangfei temple was rebuilt by the local people's government and designed by Li Shuishui. The temple is based on the map of Baling county annals in 1804 (the ninth year of Jiaqing). It is a courtyard style temple with single eaves, one axis, stone structure on both sides and relatively closed space of three entrance hall. The total building area is 1003.8 square meters. It was completed and opened on September 1, 1986. the whole Xiangfei temple is covered with small green tiles, which is plain and simple. The white courtyard walls and the blue roofs echo the green mountains, and the white walls and the blue sky and green trees are in harmony. The gate of the ancestral hall adopts a red wall, which is solemn and auspicious, giving people a mysterious and deep atmosphere. In ancient times, fire was used to drive away beasts and protect people's safety, so later people painted imperial palaces and ancestral temples as red walls. The overall structure of Xiangfei temple is ternary. The first entrance is a four column, three room and three Hall archway style, with golden glass tiles and various relief sculptures carved on the dark red wall. On both sides of the wall is a riding wall with double catapult stacks. The two layers of small green tiles overlap for 90 degrees, which is like an ancient bow. Then the dragon head and dragon tail are piled on the front and back, which is lifelike like a green dragon lying on it. The front of the entrance is one of the main decorations of the Xiangfei temple. The red powder wall, golden glazed tile, white granite stone drum arch, and a pair of white marble stone lions in front add a very mysterious color to the Xiangfei temple. Above the wall of the gate of Xiangfei temple are two dragons holding the three golden characters of Xiangfei temple. In the East are five sheep watching the sunrise on the willow grass. This pattern is called Wuyang watching the sun. In the west is rhinoceros watching the moon. In Yueyang, it is called the picture of the sun and the moon shining together. Sheep is the ancient form of the word Xiang, but it has the same pronunciation with Yang. Rhinoceros refers to the west of the night. Sheep and cattle were first domesticated by their ancestors, which is called auspicious picture. On the red wall in the south is the map of Jiuyi mountain, and on the north is Junshan mountain. As soon as you enter the gate, there is a long couplet written by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang in the Qing Dynasty, on the front. The whole couplet has 400 words, which is known as the first couplet in the world. This couplet is completed in one go, describing the scenic spots of Junshan incisively and vividly. The second entrance is the front hall. Under the eaves, there is a huge plaque of "responding to every request". In the middle of it is Li Bai's poem written by Li duo, vice chairman of the Chinese Calligrapher's Association: "Dongting looks at the Chu River in the west, and there is no cloud in the South; the sunset is far away in Changsha, and I don't know where to hang Xiangjun?" The hall is guarded by military generals. On both sides of the hall are wing rooms. On the horseback wall of the golden pile, there are bats and longevity peaches carved on it. Bats are the same voice of blessing, meaning blessing and longevity. relief sculptures of Ruyi beast are piled on the platform of the three entrances hall. They look like dragons and tigers. The tools used to carve eight immortals are on the railings. Each tool represents one, which is called "dark Eight Immortals" in the folk. Above the main hall, there is a gold plaque on a black background, written to Marquis Yuande. It is said that after the death of e emperor's daughter Ying in water, she was granted the title of Yuande by the emperor of heaven. When Zhang Zhidong restored the Xiangfei temple, she respected the two gods of Xiangfei as the Marquis of Yuande. when you enter the main hall, there is incense and mist. There are statues of two imperial concubines on the platform of the main hall, and four maids standing on both sides. According to the people in the temple, the statue of the second imperial concubine had a smile on its face when it was first offered. However, after several years of offering, the two imperial concubines changed from smiling to tearful.

Du Fu's Poems

Work overview work name: Xiangfei temple creation time: Tang Dynasty Author: Du Fu work style: five character poems original work Su Xiangfei temple, empty wall and clear water spring. Insect book, jade pendant, moss, swallow dance, green curtain and dust. In the evening, there are trees in the lake, and a little fragrance in the lake. Cang Wu hates it very much, and his tears are in Cong Yun.

Notes on works

Susu: quiet. It means that there are no people in Xiangfei temple. Empty wall: broken wall, which means a river of spring water can be seen outside the broken wall. Insect script sentence: refers to the steps outside the temple covered with moss, there are traces of insects crawling, writing the desolation outside the temple. Yan dance sentence: refers to the flying swallows in the temple, raising the dust on the curtain and writing about the dilapidated buildings in the temple. What the writer saw and felt when he returned to the boat where he lived. These two sentences tell the story that the two imperial concubines couldn't find Shun, and the tears stained the bamboo, which implies the author's miserable inner feelings in the late days.

Appreciative Remarks

This poem was written in the spring of 769. According to Guo Moruo's research, Du Fu left Chengdu and went south with his family after Yan Wu died in 765 (the first year of Yongtai). In 768 (the third year of Dali), he left the Three Gorges in the middle of the first month, entered Hunan at the end of the year and went to Yueyang. In March of 769 (the fourth year of Dali), he arrived in Changsha, went up the Xiangjiang River and reached Hengyang. In April of the same year, it returned to Changsha. they all lived in Xiangshui boats. In April of 770 (the fifth year of Dali), due to avoiding the chaos of Zang, he traced back to Xiangjiang River and went up to Hengyang. He sailed in Leishui and died in Leiyang. The last period of Du Fu's life was spent on the Xiangjiang River, which was full of myth. The legend of Shun and the two imperial concubines is the most familiar theme and the most imaginative spiritual sustenance of the poet. The poem expresses the author's sad feeling of self injury.

About the author

Du Fu (712-770), a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, is a poet with the name of Zi Mei. Because he once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang'an City, he called himself Yelao in Shaoling and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. First, he lived a hard life in Chang'an for ten years, and then he was exiled because of the an Shi rebellion. In 759 (the second year of Qianyuan Dynasty), he abandoned his official post and went west to settle in Chengdu. In his later years, his family moved to the East and wandered around Hubei and Hunan. He died of poverty and illness. he lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems are often related to social unrest, political darkness and people's suffering, which is known as the "history of poetry". He is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is regarded as the "sage of poetry". There is a collection of Du Gongbu handed down.

Zhou Wei's Poems

Original works

When the times change and the deeds change, we can see who is not in the dark. On the last day, when the Xiangjiang River crossed, there were still old traces in the Yellow River.

About the author

Zhou Wei (740-805), with the word Zhaoshi, was born in Huaiyin (now Huaian, Jiangsu Province) of the Tang Dynasty. He won the first place in the Jinshi list and the first place in the military examination in 779 and 780. Zhou Wei was one of the few Jinshi who set foot in the civil and military examinations.

Tourism information

Waterway: Yueyang is an important shipping station in the Yangtze River. Chenglingji port in the north of the city is the largest port in Hunan Province. Starting from Shangli, you can go up the river to Chongqing and down the river to Shanghai. Yueyang Railway Station is located on Xianfeng Road, and Beijing Guangzhou railway runs through Yueyang. There are more than 20 passenger trains in Yueyang station every day, which are sent to Changsha, Zhuzhou, Hengyang, Chenzhou, Guangzhou, Lingling, Guilin, Liuzhou, Zhanjiang, Nanning, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Beijing, Xi'an, Lanzhou, etc. Take the air-conditioned train k588 at 6:42 a.m. from Changsha railway station to Yueyang at 8:26. there are taxis in the city for passengers to rent. The taxi company is on baling West Road. accommodation: there are three foreign-related star hotels in Yueyang, with more than 380 guest rooms and 1200 beds, including a three-star hotel with more than 260 guest rooms and 570 beds. delicious food: Butterfly crossing the river, also known as butterfly floating in the sea, is named because the fish fillets look like butterflies after being scalded. Yueyang area cooks use hot pot instead of folk Seven Star stove, and first make fresh juice from chicken soup, fish head, fish bone and fish skin, then pour it into hot pot (stainless steel soup pot with small alcohol stove can also be used). When eating, put the fish fillets into boiling hot pot, cook them, take them up and dip them in seasoning. The fish is tender, the soup is delicious, and it's very palatable to eat when it's hot. This dish is very popular and has become one of the dishes in "baling whole fish mat".

legend

Princess Xiang was the two daughters of Emperor Yao, named e Huang and nu Ying. Emperor Yao's Zen is located after Emperor Shun and betrothed his two daughters to him. Therefore, the second daughter is the daughter of Emperor Yao, so it is called "imperial daughter", and because it is the concubine of Emperor Shun, it is also called "second Concubine". According to the historical records of the five emperors, Shun collapsed in the field of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi, Henan Province when he traveled to the South 39 years after he ascended the throne. After hearing the news, the two imperial concubines went to Junshan of Dongting Lake and heard that Emperor Shun had collapsed in Cangwu. They caressed the bamboo and wept bitterly. They were so sad that they died that they became the God of Xiangshui. The tears of the two concubines fall on the bamboo node and turn into tears. Therefore, the bamboo is called "mottled bamboo" or "Xiangfei bamboo"! In order to commemorate the two imperial concubines, people built "Xiangfei Temple" in Junshan for later generations to look forward to and mourn. Because the temple was built for a long time and was built by Emperor Shun and his two concubines, it is called "the first temple in the south of the Yangtze River". according to the historical records of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, in the 28th year of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (219 BC) From Fujiang to Xiangshan temple. "Xiangjun Temple" by Li Mishi, the magistrate of Baling County in Tang Dynasty

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