Youya

Youya

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You ya (404-461), the word bodu, nickname Huangtou, Guangping County Ren county (now Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province) people. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was one of the ministers, jurists and "three tours of Ren county".

During the period of emperor Taiwu, he paid homage to Dr. Zhongshu and the Minister of the eastern palace, moved to write a work as a minister and a minister, and gave it to Guangping county. Moved Prince Shaofu, into Guangping County marquis. As a general of Pingnan, he pacified the rebellion in Shandong Province. He moved to Yongzhou in the east to serve as a governor and a Duke of Feiliang county. Chen Qi, the founder of Confucianism, is deeply responsible.

In the second year of Heping, he died at the age of 58. He was awarded to the governor of Xiangzhou with the posthumous title of Xuan.

Life of the characters

Youya, whose name is bodu and nickname is Huangtou, was born in Renxian County, Guangping county (now Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). It was one of the world-famous "three tours of Guangping" in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Youya, youminggen and youzhao. Among the three, you Ya is the most outstanding in official documents, you Minggen is highly respected in public morality, and you Zhaogong is upright and upright.

You Ya's literary talent is outstanding, but most of his works are lost. Today, only on Gao Yun and the emperor's Prince Shu, the petitioner moved to the border are recorded in Xing punishment Zhi, the book of Wei. Youya influenced the literature at that time, and more importantly, it played an important role in the reform of the political and legal system at that time. During the reign of emperor Taiwu, he paid homage to Dr. Zhongshu and the chief of the eastern palace, moved to Zhuolang and Sanqi, and granted him the title of guangpingzi, general jiajianwei, Prince Shaofu, Marquis Jinjue and general jiajianyi. He was a general of Pingnan, a governor of Dongyong Prefecture, and a Duke of Liang county.

Gao Yun respects you Ya's literature, but you ya despises you's talent, and Gao Yun's nature is soft and broad, so he doesn't think he hates you. Yun Jiang married to Xing family, you ya advised Yun to marry his family, but Gao Yun refused. You ya said: "people are precious. You can't swim in the river. People abandon bodu, I respect yellow head.

He was not diligent in writing, conceited and fond of discussing people's merits and demerits. He once framed Chen Qi, a Confucian, and caused him to be punished by his family. In the second year of Heping, he died and was presented to the governor of Xiangzhou. His posthumous title was xuanhou. His son, yousennu, inherited the title. After that, Yu Shuangfeng inherited it.

Main achievements

In 451, the 12th year of taipingzhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, tuobatao ordered you ya and Hu Fanghui, the Minister of Zhongshu, to change the legal system. Tuo Batao said to them that the punishment should be moderate in terms of leniency, strictness, sparseness and compactness, and should be added to and deleted from places unfavorable to the people. In accordance with this principle, you ya worked day and night. In only half a year, he revised 391 laws and decrees, which were put into effect throughout the country after being reviewed by Emperor Taiwu. As a country, the Northern Wei Dynasty had its own laws for the first time, which played an immeasurable role in the construction of political power.

In October of the second year of Zhengping (452), there was turmoil in the Northern Wei Dynasty. You ya Ying established a new emperor, tuobajun ascended to the throne meritorious, into the Marquis, plus Jianyi general. At the same time, he was promoted to be a regular official on horseback to protect the safety of emperor Wencheng, which won the emperor's trust. In the second year of Xing'an (453) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Ping'an people's uprising in Shandong Province sealed you ya as a general of Pingnan. He led the troops to fight against the rebellion and leveled it in only half a year. Later, he served as the governor of Dongyong Prefecture. He was honest and had a favorable administration. When he was called as a Secretary Supervisor and entrusted with the task of national history, he failed. He was once ordered to write a Ode to Taihua palace, but his writing was not passed on, so he was very helpful in his life. In the second year of Heping (461), he died of injustice and anger in his hometown. He was 58 years old at the end of his life. The bad news spread to Pingcheng. Emperor Wencheng was so sad that he ordered the memorial hall of Liangjun to be given back to him and a special person to guard the memorial tomb. Later, it gradually developed into a village, called Miaoshang village. Up to now, Youya tomb is a key cultural relic at district level.

Relative members

member of family

Son: you sennu, Duke of Liang county.

Sun Tzu: you Shuangfeng, Marquis of Liang county.

Brother: you Heng

Nephew: you tanhu, zhongsan doctor, Diansi order, as a gift to Sizhou governor.

Origin of surname

Song Xiu's "Hundred Surnames" records: you, Gongyin, Guangping County, derived from the Ji surname, after Zheng Mugong. In history, it was called gongziyan, the son of Duke mu of Zheng, whose name is Ziyou. It is the ancestor of you's surname, so you's birthplace is in Henan Province. In the spring and Autumn period, you family moved abroad. The first place of migration was Ren county, Guangping City, Hebei Province, which is now Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province. At present, you's clan concept and sense of seeking roots are relatively strong in Fujian and Taiwan. You's descendants in Fujian rebuilt you's family temple. You's grand ancestral hall in Guangping was also built in Zhonghe city of Taiwan. You's group of seeking roots in Taiwan has returned to China several times to seek roots.

Anecdotes and allusions

According to the biography of Chen Qi in the book of Wei

When the Confucianist Chen Qi first came to Beijing, you ya attached great importance to him and planned to recommend him as a historian. Later, they discussed the canon, the book of songs and the book of songs. You ya praised the theories of Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan. As for the disobedience of heaven and water in Yi · suigua, you ya said: "from the west of Congling, water flows to the West. In this sense, what Yi talked about should be the situation from the east of Congling." Chen Qi said: "the book of changes has a long history and contains the universe. As you said, from the west of Congling, does it look to heaven from the east? " Chen Qi insists on righteousness and criticizes you ya. He is always like this and never follows.

Introduction to Mausoleum

Youya tomb is located one kilometer northeast of Renze District, with a height of 10 meters, a length of 30 meters from east to west, and a length of 25 meters from north to south. According to the records of the District, during the cultural revolution, two accompanying tombs were excavated, and five baht coins, a cultural relic of the southern and Northern Dynasties, were unearthed.

historical background

The rise of the Northern Wei Dynasty

The Tuoba tribe of Xianbei originally lived near the Daxing'anling mountains in today's Heilongjiang and Nenjiang river basins and lived a nomadic life. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, after the northern Xiongnu was defeated and moved to the west, the Tuoba tribe, under the leadership of chief Tuoba jiefen, gradually moved to the West and entered the original northern Xiongnu residence, namely Mobei area. In the period of chief Tuoba Liwei, Tuoba tribe went south to nomad in Yunzhong (today's Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia), then moved to Shengle (today's Helingeer, Inner Mongolia), and had contacts with Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty. But at this time, Tuoba tribe was still in the stage of clan tribal alliance. In 338 A.D., shiyiqian, the leader, established the regime of Dai Dynasty, which was gradually strengthened in Shengle (today's Inner Mongolia Helingeer). In 376 A.D., Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty attacked the Dai Dynasty, and Shi Yiqian died in battle, and the Dai Dynasty was destroyed. After the Feishui war, the rule of the former Qin Dynasty collapsed. In 386 ad, tuobayi (the grandson of shiyiqian) of Xianbei restored the power of the dynasty, and later changed the name of the country to Wei, which was known as the Northern Wei in history. In 395 ad, after Yan attacked the Northern Wei Dynasty, tuobafen defeated the Yan army in shenhepei (today's southeast of Datong in Shanxi Province), and took advantage of the victory to go south to capture Zhongshan (today's Dingzhou City in Hebei Province), ye (today's southwest of Linzhang in Hebei Province) and other important towns, and owned the area north of the Yellow River, becoming one of the powerful forces in the north. In 398 ad, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty was moved to Pingcheng (today's Datong in Shanxi Province), and Tuoba Li was called emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. After the defeat of Tuoba, Yan entered the Central Plains and rewarded agricultural production, and his slave owners and nobles gradually became feudal landlords. Tuoba tribe recruited Han landlords to join the ruling group, which accelerated the process of Sinicization of Tuoba tribe in Xianbei.

Unify the North

After his death, his son, Tuoba Si of Yuan emperor of Ming Dynasty, and his grandson, Tuoba Tao of Taiwu emperor, inherited his former career and promoted hundreds of Han landlords, such as Fan Yang Lu Xuan, Bo Ling Cui Chuo, Zhao Jun Li Ling, Hejian Xing Ying, Bo Hai Gao Yun, Guang ping you ya, and Taiyuan Zhang Wei, to official posts, forming a united feudal regime of Tuoba nobles and Han aristocratic families. After Tuoba's death, 16-year-old Tuoba Tao ascended the throne. At the beginning of his ascendance, he overcame the crazy invasion of Rouran, the northern desert regime. Tuobatao began to take the initiative to fight against Rouran. He sent troops to Rouran for 13 times. The most brilliant result was in 429. He conquered the area of Mobei and submitted to Rouran, which was another important step for the unification of the north in the future. In addition, in the war against Rouran, the captured cattle, sheep, camels and other livestock also alleviated the famine in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In 427 ad, the impregnable city of Tongwan was conquered by 30000 cavalry. From then on, the situation of Northern Wei unifying the North was irreversible. In 431 ad, it destroyed Xia, Pingshanhu, Tuyuhun in the west, Beiyan in 436, and Beiliang in 439, which led to the unification of the long-term separatist regime in the north and the formal formation of the confrontation between the northern and Southern Dynasties. Tuobatao's unification of the North was a great national fusion in Chinese history, and created a relatively stable environment for social and economic development.

Emperor Xiaowen's reform

Yuanhong, the emperor of Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was a very successful emperor. During his reign, he carried out many political, economic and cultural reforms, the most important of which was the implementation of the equal field system, the reform of Xianbei old customs and the policy of Sinicization. Later, he moved his capital to Luoyang.

In order to ease the class contradictions, the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty tried to limit the local powerful forces, strengthen the centralization of power, further feudalize the Xianbei nobles, and closely combined with the Han landlords to rule the people of all ethnic groups more effectively. Therefore, the Empress Dowager of civilization and Emperor Yuanhong of Wei Xiaowen carried out a series of reforms.

① First, we should rectify the administration of officials. In the second year of Yanxing (472), the government stipulated that local herdsmen with good governance performance could be appointed for a long time and promoted to one level after one year; those with poor governance performance would be punished or even demoted even if they took office soon.

② In the fifth year of Yanxing, in order to change the chaotic situation of rent collection and adjustment in the past, the government decided that it could only be levied at the county level, and the use of Dadou, Changchi and chongguai was prohibited.

③ In the eighth year of Taihe (484), the salary system was promulgated, stating that those who embezzled a piece of silk cloth outside the salary should be executed. In the order of equalization of land issued the following year, it was stipulated that local governors could pay a certain amount of land according to their official positions. The public land granted is not allowed to be bought or sold, and will be transferred to the next post upon leaving office.

④ In October of 1999, the land sharing order was issued, which made detailed regulations on the acceptance of land by adult people of different genders, slaves and cattle. There is a difference between open field and mulberry field. Grain grown in open fields shall not be traded and returned to the state at the age of 70. Mulberry field planting mulberry, elm, jujube, do not have to return to the state, you can sell the excess part, buy not

Chinese PinYin : You Ya