Hong Shi

Hong Shi

Hong Shi (Ku ò) (1117-1184), formerly known as "Zao", later renamed "Shi", with the word Jingbo, Wenbo, Jingwen, panzhou, the eldest son of Hong. In his later years, he lived in his hometown of panzhou, Raozhou, so he called himself the old man of panzhou. He was born in Poyang, Raozhou in Song Dynasty. He entered the official career because of his father. In February of 1142, Shaoxing and his younger brother Hong zuntong learned a lot about Hongci. Hong Zun ranked first and Hong Shi ranked second. Tired official to Shangshu right pushe, with Zhongshu door pingzhangshi and shumishi, official to right prime minister. He was granted the title of Taishi and Duke of Wei. He lived in a city of 5000 households, but actually he was granted 2600 households. His posthumous title was Wenhui. Sacrifice to the local people. She was granted the title of Lady Cai by the Shi family and the title of Lady Wei by the Shen family.

Zhou Bida wrote the inscription of Huigong Shinto given by the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty to the grand master Wei Guowen“

He is honest with others, has no frivolity, has a talent for culture and Chinese culture, and is endowed with mechanics. He has a history of steps, is novel and rich, and has a family of his own

Written by Xu Jizhi, the official of Zhengyi, a scholar of the right pushe Temple of Song Dynasty, presented Honggong (SHI) to tejin. Hongshi and his younger brothers Hongzun and Hongmai are famous for their literature, and are known as "three beauties of Poyang Yingqi Zhong".

Sanhong in the same Dynasty is rare in Taifu.

At the same time, he has profound attainments in the study of epigraphy, and is known as the three great masters of epigraphy in Song Dynasty together with Ouyang Xiu and Zhao Mingcheng. At the age of 48, he ascended the throne.

brief account of the author's life

His father, Hong Kuo, once served as the Minister of rites, Dajin Tongwen envoy, huiyouge direct bachelor, tiju wanshouguan and Quanzhi bachelor's college, and granted Wei Guozhong Xuangong. Together with his younger brothers Hong Zun and Hong Mai, he learned Hongci from Zhongbo, which is known as "three Hongs".

Be able to do family work

Hong Shi was intelligent, studious and excellent in his studies. He was praised as "reciting three thousand words a day". As a boy, his composition was well-organized and ingenious, which won the praise of his teachers. When he was 13 years old, his father was sent to the north. His grandmother, Mrs. Dong, was very old. His mother, Mrs. Shen, was very sick. His younger siblings were very young. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), the Jin army crossed the Yangtze River, invaded Wudi (now southern Jiangsu and Northern Zhejiang), and approached Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang). The situation was very critical. At that time, the Hong family was living in Xiuzhou, and the women and children of the family were faced with war. At this time of crisis, Hong Shi resolutely decided to run back to his hometown. In a hurry, he led his middle-aged, light and strong servants to escort his grandmother, mother, five younger brothers and three younger sisters back home. Along the way, he rented a boat, a car and a horse. He had good command and proper scheduling. He traveled thousands of miles to bring the whole family back to his hometown Raozhou safely. A few days after the Hong family left Xiuzhou, the cavalry of the Jin army stormed into Xiuzhou city and plundered it. They also took a group of civilian men and women as slaves. When Hong Hao learned the news that the Jin army had taken Xiuzhou captive in Lengshan, he was worried about his family members who stayed in Xiuzhou. At that time, he heard that Xiuzhou civilians had been taken captive to Lengshan, so he made every effort to find out. Several Xiuzhou people who had been exiled to Lengshan said to him: before the fall of the city, Xiuzhou officials fled to Huating (now Shanghai) in Songjiang with their families, but they did not know the whereabouts of the Hong family. Due to the lack of information, Hong Hao is not sure. He is worried about his mother, wife and children who stay in Xiuzhou all day long. He is so anxious that he is seriously ill.

After Hong Shi's family returned to their hometown, Shen's wife was not used to the mountainous areas because she had lived in the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang for a long time. Hong Shi's brothers were not used to the life far away from the city. In addition, Hong Hao's salary was provided by Xiuzhou. Therefore, after Jin's army retreated to the north, Hong Shi led his family back to Xiuzhou.

In 1138, Hong Shi's mother, Mrs. Shen, was stranded in the north of Shaoxing. It was hard to get good news from Hong Hao, and it was hard to decide whether she was lucky or not. She missed her day and night at home. She became ill and died of illness. Hong Shi managed his funeral in an orderly way in the midst of great grief. He arranged the funeral according to Gao Ming's wife's funeral and transported the coffin to Wuxi for burial according to his mother's wishes. He acted with courtesy everywhere, which won the praise of his relatives and friends, and fully demonstrated Hong Shi's talent as an independent housekeeper.

After returning to Xiuzhou from his hometown, Hong Shi studied hard with his brother. After years of hard work, he has seen a hundred classics and histories and is good at poetry and Fu. Every time the students met to discuss poetry writing, there would be excellent poems for their friends. Later, Hong Shi gradually became famous for his excellent articles, and local scholars were attracted by him and made friends with him.

In the 12th year of Shaoxing (1142), Hong Shi and his younger brothers Hong Zun and Hong Mai went to Beijing to take the exam at the same time. They both learned a lot about CI in high school and became Jinshi. They were personally received and praised by song Gaozong“

Father is far away, son can stand on his own

. He was also granted the post of appointed official deleted by the order. Soon after, he was promoted to be the Secretary of the provincial government. From then on, Hong Shi's literary name spread all over the world.

Resident officials plead for the people

After Hong Haonan returned in 1143, Hong Shi was appointed as the general judge of Taizhou. At that time, Qin Hui was in charge of Taizhou's political affairs. He was extremely corrupt. Bribery in criminal proceedings resulted in a lot of unjust imprisonment and many innocent civilians. When Hong Shi visited Huangyan county (now Zhejiang Province), he found that the prisoners in the prison were shouting injustice, that is to say, he ordered the officials and prisoners concerned to inquire about the injustice, recorded the injustice, and submitted the petition to the Department of justice of Zhejiang East Road, requesting to redress the injustice for the people. However, because Zhizhou and others had Qin Hui as their support, Hong Shi not only failed to redress the grievances of the people, but also lost his black hat and was dismissed from the post of general judge in Taizhou. He did not work for nine years. During this period, Hong Hao had been exiled to Yingzhou (now Guangdong). Hong Shi served his father and often traveled between Hangzhou and England.

In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1155), Hong Shi was appointed as the Zhijun of Jingmen Army (now Dangyang, Jingmen and other counties in Hubei Province). At this time, Qin Hui died, and the government was in a state of waste waiting for prosperity. At the beginning of taking office in Jingmen, Hong Shi began to repair the agricultural administration, pacify the farmers displaced by famine and war, rectify social order, and set up local public welfare. Many malpractices have been found in the administration. At this time, according to the social reality at that time, he put forward four suggestions: first, reduce the tea tax. Second, the relief of state contributions. Emperors of all dynasties stipulated that local specialties should be used as tribute, and the tribute should be paid on time every year according to the number as usual. In some places, when some special products are reduced or disappeared, they still have to pay tribute according to the number, or convert money (silver money) to pay tribute, which becomes a burden for local people. Hong Shi thinks that it is unreasonable and harmful to people's livelihood, so he proposes to reduce it. Thirdly, the academies and test grounds destroyed by the war should be rebuilt, and the old imperial examination places should be restored to select talents from all over the world. Fourth, we should exempt government land from taxes. As a result of years of war, Ding zhuangduo went to the front line, and the rural labor force was greatly reduced. Many local official fields were not cultivated, and there was no tax to collect. However, Chaoyan still asked the local government to pay such taxes on official fields, and the local government apportioned these taxes to the farmers, which greatly increased the burden of the people. Hong Shi suggested that the unreasonable burden should be relieved from the interests of ordinary farmers.

When Hong was the governor of Huizhou, he went to Wuyuan and other counties to inspect the land tax, tea tax and corvee. He found that the rich farmers in the countryside almost did not bear the corvee investment, while the poor farmers had to bear heavy corvee, which had serious disadvantages of uneven corvee. He also found that local officials took advantage of the opportunity of tax collection to squeeze the people, extort money and enrich their own pockets. Hong Shi strictly ordered all the counties, prisons, towns, and all the officials under his command to pay taxes: if "those who abuse our people will be impeached", he declared that corrupt officials will be severely punished to protect the interests of the common people. He also strictly ordered the Yamen below the general adjudication hall to collect money, grain and taxes, and not to increase the handling charge of any kind of taxes. Any violation will be punished. Huizhou people feel much of their kindness, and they all work in peace, pay taxes according to the contract, and have a stable order.

After Hong Shi was promoted to the office of tea and salt official in Changping, Jiangdong Road, he wrote a letter to discuss the disadvantages and benefits of uneven corvee at that time, and suggested that the prefectures and counties should take measures to protect the interests of the common people as soon as possible. He also wrote a letter to suggest that the imperial court order the States and counties along Jiangdong Road to allow farmers to redeem the farmland that was taken over by the government and the gentry at the original price, so as to stabilize the farmers who were displaced by war and famine and returned to their hometown without farmland.

All kinds of administrative discourses and memorials put forward by Hong Shi to the imperial court were adopted and implemented by the imperial court. However, due to the official corruption at that time, except for the places he personally managed, the implementation in most other places was not effective, so the effect was very little.

He tried to recover the Central Plains

In 1161, wanyanliang, the leader of the Jin Dynasty, led his troops across the Huaihe River to attack the Southern Song Dynasty and the North Bank of the Yangtze River. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the army and the people rose up to resist, and song Gaozong also came to Jiankang (now Nanjing) to supervise the war. In the first World War of Caishiji (now belongs to Maanshan City in Anhui Province), the song army defeated all the troops of Wan Yanliang's headquarters. In the retreat, Wan Yanliang was killed by his headquarters Wan Yanyi. At this point, all the Southern Jin invaders fled to the north. This is the famous "Caishiji great victory". At that time, Hong Shi was appointed as the tea and salt official of Changping in Jiangdong Road. During the anti Jin war, he led his subordinates to organize and deliver military supplies such as grain and salaries in time to the anti Jin soldiers. He made a positive contribution to the victory of the war. He was promoted by the imperial court to be a doctor of the Ministry of household affairs of Shangshu Province, and commander in chief of the army and horses in Huainan East Road.

At the same time of wanyanliang's invasion, wanyanyong, the leader of another tribe of Nuzhen in Liaodong, established himself as king in Liaoyang. After Wan Yanliang's death in Caishiji, Wan Yanyong went south to Kaifeng, and his chronological name was Dading. He ordered all the Jin troops. But wan Yanliang led the new defeated, busy with recuperation, did not say whether to support Yan Yong, in a chaotic situation. Hong Shi believes that this is a good time to recover the Central Plains. He wrote a letter to the imperial court, suggesting that when Yan Yong's self-reliance as emperor was not supported by all the tribes of Nuzhen, all the troops from the Southeast (now Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian) should be transferred to occupy huaisi

Chinese PinYin : Hong Shi