Sha Zhangbai

Sha Zhangbai

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Sha Zhangbai (1626-1691), a poet of the Qing Dynasty, was originally named Yiqing and named Jiechen. He was born in the East Street of Zhouzhuang Town in Jiangyin. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty lived around ten years ago. During the reign of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, he was good at historiography. Besides classics and history, he was also widely involved in medicine, divination and astrology. It's arrogant and shameful. Rendu had contacts with Feng Pu, Wei Yijie and others. Wang Chong Jianyan's family school, looking for thanks. He will write a book about the cancellation of the case and write a letter about the prime minister's country in the form of three cloth clothes. Kangxi eleven years (1672) try again Qiuwei not the first, then closed the door to write books. His Yuefu Poems came out of the Han and Wei dynasties, either with ancient titles or with new titles. Cao he commented on it, and Wu Weiye, Gong Dingzi and Wang Shizhen also praised it. He wrote ten volumes of Dingfeng Yuefu, which was included in Sikuquanshu, selected works of Dingfeng, and the outline of reading history.

Life

He was born in 1626. As a child, he was brilliant. At the age of 10, he was able to write articles. At the age of 16, he passed the examination of zongdunyi, a school inspector, and entered the government school to serve as a student. Sha Zhangbai likes reading and is very interested in astronomy, geography, xuanhuang and rendun. This year, Sha Zhangbai wrote the poem "long drought and happy rain"

In nine days and one night, the pearls are scattered and the Yellow River is turned upside down.

A hundred running streams with the sunset, a thousand search into the dragon.

Who cloud Red Emperor Tun Gao Ze, how limit common people comfort thirst hunger.

I'm also happy to go straight up to Aoji.

In 1645, Sha Zhangbai was 20 years old. In March, the whole family moved to donggaotou (now Zhouzhuang Town, Zhouzhuang Village). Since the beginning of June, the people of Jiangyin have been fighting for 81 days. On August 21, the city was finally captured. In this war, Sha Zhangbai's mother Qian, uncle Sha Shiqi and third brother Sha Jiuqing died one after another, and his father Sha Shisheng died in grief and indignation. Sha Zhangbai, a young man, endured the trauma of his soul and sang the song "climbing Junshan in Yiyou"

Hegan peak sparrow whistling, zhuyou can mourn the size of the East.

In the history of the past, the mountains and waters are still in the sunset.

The king of gold marketing is not so good at strategy, and the Yangtze River iron lock technology is poor.

Jiang Zuo Yiwu, who is like him? The new pavilion worships shixinggong.

By the time he was 24 years old, his poetry collection "Bi mang Yuan Shi Chao" had been written in 13 volumes. Xu zuntang, the elder brother of Xu Xiake, and Xu Jin, his friend, wrote the preface. At that time, Huang Yuqi, a scholar of Jiangyin who fought against the Qing Dynasty, was killed. Sha Zhangbai and Huang Xi, the son of Huang Yuqi, had a poetic harmony.

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Sha Zhangbai's talent and learning were appreciated by Zhang nenglin, who was a scholar in Jiangnan at that time. Zhang nenglin put forward the topic of "my father is my king's life". Sha Zhangbai was quick witted and soon wrote an article of 2000 words. Zhang nenglin read it and applauded it. Later, Zhang nenglin invited Sha Zhangbai to the school and asked him to teach the students. After that, the famous scholar Lu Shiyi of Taicang came to Jiangyin to give lectures. Sha Zhangbai had read Lu's speculative records and admired him for a long time, so he humbly worshipped Lu Shiyi as his teacher. Lu Sha and his wife were very opportunistic when they were chatting with each other. In the poem "ziyuyu" written by Lu Shiyi, there is a sentence that "they were born in wowa, not with any horse". When the second Marquis temple was rebuilt in Jiangyin, Zhang nenglin worshipped Sha Yuande, the ancestor of the Sha family in Jiangyin, beside Wu Liang and Wu Zhen. Sha Zhangbai wrote the book of rebuilding the second Marquis temple.

In the summer of 1658, Sha Zhangbai and his friend Zhou Yiwei visited Cao he, a good friend of his hometown, in the city's Manyuan garden and wrote poems such as "Manyuan Lianju". During this period, Sha Zhangbai wrote a lot of poems and essays. He expressed his ambition in his thirty statues: "I will fight my way to the vast space; I will soar in the indifferent area. Poor eight, calendar Kyushu, Bo Sihai, gallop for thousands of years. "

At the age of 35, Sha Zhangbai followed Zhang nenglin to Sanming tower in Shangyuan County of Jinling to study Confucian classics, history and Neo Confucianism for eight years. In the meantime, he followed Zhang nenglin to visit Sichuan, Hubei, Hebei, Henan and other places. He wrote inscriptions for the "Wangu tomb" in Zhutang, Jiangyin

The soldiers settled in the northwest, crossed Qilu, pingzhongzhou, and swept north of the river. When Jinling was called on, the emperor and his ministers fled. Long drive to fight, the momentum, thousands of miles of land, dare not add a left arrow, know the destiny.

Jiangyin, on the other hand, is located in the city of nine Li and the territory of one hundred and twenty Li. The scholars and the people advocate righteousness. They first oppose Yan Xing and stick to the lonely city for three months. They have no food to give up. The city is broken. There are more than 100000 men, women, young and old who committed suicide and were killed. None of them begged for surrender!

But he is stupid, so he can ignore the strong and the weak, choose no interests, and treat death as if he were going home. I appreciate how many things in the world are corrupted by people who are not stupid, and I deeply sigh that this group of Chi Chi people can be loyal and righteous for thousands of generations.

At the beginning of the city's destruction, the rain continued for ten days, and the remains and corpses were everywhere. It's amazing that 27, 000 monks, with their seals white and mud smeared, stink and filthy, snatch their remains from the mouth of hungry dogs and ravens. At that time, the benevolent and filial sons who couldn't find their relatives were mostly the first monks, which was not without regret. However, this monk, who was alone, advocated justice and collection, made Hecheng's righteous bones not the capital temple but the first hill. He has great achievements

Sha Zhangbai, who wrote about Jiangyin's battle of defending the city against the Qing Dynasty, also wrote the poem "Manjianghong", which is magnificent

Zhang Xu, Nan Lei, accomplished the whole festival of Suiyang. Tan Gong and so on, every man and woman, magnificent. In Tang Dynasty, the Jianghuai space was rebuilt, and the tombs of Han Dynasty were finally desolate. Ren Xieyang, Qiaomu Hang's remains, from the beginning. Heart is as iron as iron. Three feet grave, skeleton like snow. Laugh heartless River, still tide. Fine grass, cold smoke, children hate, white rainbow, purple lightning, heroic blood. Ask him how to comfort the soul of Fang, Dong Hu pen.

In the CI, Zhang Xu Nanlei refers to Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Nan Jiyun and Lei Wanchun, who were all important figures in the second year of Zhide reign of Tang Dynasty (757) to stick to Suiyang and fight against the rebellion in Anlu mountain. They held fast to Suiyang for ten months and wiped out 120000 rebels. Being outnumbered, the city broke down and was killed. Dong Hu was a historian of Jin Dynasty in the spring and Autumn period. There is no way for linggong in Jin Dynasty. Zhao Dun repeatedly admonishes him, but linggong wants to kill him. Shield runs away, shield clansman Zhao Chuanyin kills linggong. Zhao Dun returned to Jin Dynasty. Dong Hu wrote: "Zhao Dun killed his king." In order to show in the court. In later generations, Dong Hu was regarded as the representative of good history. Song Wen Tianxiang's Zhengqi song: "in Qi Taishi bamboo slips, in Jin Dong Hu pen.

Sha Zhangbai also wrote an article "Jianye rain (a happy rain)", expressing his concern for people's livelihood.

At the age of Kangxi, it was sunny in midsummer. Sand guest building industry, reading Sanming building.

When the yellow plum drought, Yan Wei court durian. A hundred families compete for the well, but the tide is astringent.

There was no snow last winter, and the second wheat was thin. In the spring, the rain is light and the scorched earth is not affected.

Looking at the clouds and the Han River, the grass is full of sorrow. Before long, the wind blows and the thunder blows.

Thick clouds cover the sky, thousands of Li Zhang Zi. Rain three days and nights, every drop is drenching the ball.

The water field is white and the cormorant gulls are singing. The old farmer sings in the street and the young swim in front of the court.

The poet chants the chapter, the wine guest tunes the konghou. The journey is fast and whirling, brushing the bed.

He is very happy and full of emotion. He has a long speech to write and eulogize. Kyushu thorn to the intestine, Cangyi look oh whew.

Rest for 30 years, sleep dizziness or less. Only the three people of Wu, Kulei and so on, were dry.

……

In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Sha Zhangbai bid farewell to Sanming building, followed Zhang nenglin to the capital, and went to the Imperial College for further study. Sha Zhangbai wrote to Wei Yijie three times to discuss Cheng Zhu's learning such as "learning from things". Wei Yijie wrote back three times, and they became intimate friends. Sha Zhangbai once wrote a reply to Wei Xiangguo on Zhishu and a postscript to Wei Yijie's Shengxue Zhitong Yilu. Sha Zhangbai had a good reputation in the capital. At that time, when he was a famous official, he often "talked about the debate, listed the past and the present, and all those who heard about it were convinced.". "A great minister at one time", "and a person who heard about it at one time" and "it's hard not to hold a broom to break a knot and get a piece of speech, which is as important as a wall".

Sha Zhangbai has four poems in memory of the four seasons of qifengxuan in Jiangnan, which describes the local customs and specialties of his hometown. It is fresh and free from vulgarity

A good spring day and a flourishing grass garden. General banners thousand shore willows, Wang and sun Jinzhang two dike flowers, happy game fairy home.

Summer is good, long days are three autumn. A hundred roads run to the grass Pavilion in the spring. One day, the rain irrigates pingchou. I don't admire 90% of the tour.

Autumn is good, Guizi falls Qingwen. Everywhere Yutian lake, layer upon layer Huagai Lingtou cloud, day music in the quiet.

Good winter, wild geese break the cold. Fengxian wanpan red agate, bamboo turning thousands of trees, Bi Lang Gan, wealth proud of Chang'an.

Sha Zhangbai is generous and heroic. When he gets along with others, he confides in others and never conceals his views. He is stubborn and does not follow the common customs. He is ashamed to run for fame and wealth. Sha Zhangbai didn't go well on the way to the imperial examination. He once took part in the local examination seven times, but he was only a scholar. In 1673, Sha Zhangbai, 48, decided not to take the exam and returned to his hometown of Zhouzhuang in Jiangyin. He devoted himself to studying the classics and history and writing books.

Sha Zhangbai, who has a good literary name, has made friends with many celebrities, such as Qian Qianyi of Changshu, Wu Weiye of Taicang, Du Jun of Huanggang, Wang Wan of Changzhou, Maoxiang of Rugao, Gong Dingzi of Hefei, Chen Weisong of Yixing and Li Ji of Jiangyin (the son of Xu Xiake), who have close contacts with Sha Zhangbai, and left many poems and essays for singing. After returning home, Sha Zhangbai was invited to participate in the compilation of Changzhou Fu Zhi, presided over the revision of Jiyang Sha's genealogy, and created a large number of poems. In September 1691, Sha Zhangbai died and was buried in Wangjiatan, the tomb tower of zhoudongtan.

Literary achievements

Sha Zhangbai's most important literary achievement is his poetry creation. He attaches great importance to the social function of poetry, that is, to reward the right, to stab the evil, to satirize, to admonish and to admonish the rules and regulations, and believes that poetry should be the "voice of every man and woman". In fact, most of the ten volumes of Dingfeng Yuefu that can be read now are ancient and modern poems. One is about mountains and rivers, the other is about people's life. There are six Zhuzhi Ci poems in Qinhuai, six Zhuzhi Ci poems in Yangzhou and six Baozhi Ci poems

Chinese PinYin : Sha Zhang Bai