Shen Zengzhi

Shen Zengzhi

Shen Zengzhi (April 11, 1850 - November 21, 1922) was named zipei, Yian and meisuo. At the beginning, they were called xiaochanglu society people, and later they were called xunzhai old man, Dongxuan Jushi, and xunzhai Jushi. Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was a scholar, poet and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Shen Zengzhi was a Jinshi in 1880. He was the head of Guizhou Department of the Ministry of criminal justice, a doctor, and Zhang Jing, the premier's Yamen. In 1895, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao participated in the establishment of the "strong society". In 1898, Ding you left his post. At the invitation of Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, he taught history in Lianghu Academy. Since then, he has successively served as the magistrate of Jiangxi Guangxin, the learning envoy of Anhui, the political envoy of Anhui, and the governor of Anhui. He went to Japan to study the education system. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), he begged for rest because of illness. Since then, he has lived in Shanghai, and his building is called "Hai Ri", and he is regarded as an old man. In July 1917, he took part in the "restoration of Dingsi" initiated by Zhang Xun and was appointed Minister of the Ministry of education. After failure, he lived in Shanghai. Shen Zengzhi died in 1922 at the age of 73.

Shen Zengzhi was rigorous in his academic research. He made a comprehensive survey of hundreds of schools. Later, he specialized in the history of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He studied the historical geography of the border areas and the transportation history of China and foreign countries. He is well-known both at home and abroad for his erudition and mastery of both Chinese and Western learning, and is also known as "great Chinese scholar". He also worked on poetry and calligraphy. His poems originated in Mengjiao, and his works are clean and exquisite, which are close to Lu You's. Calligraphy is famous for its cursive script, which has a wide range of methods. Stele and calligraphy are combined to form a furnace of Hanli, Beibei and Zhangcao. In his later years, he tended to be conservative politically, but he was innovative academically and artistically. His works are numerous and rich, including notes on the origin and development of Mongolia, notes on the secret history of the Yuan Dynasty, poems of Hai RI Lou, essays of Hai RI Lou, essays of Hai RI Lou, inscriptions and postscripts of Hai RI Lou, etc.

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Life of the characters

Early hardship

On February 29, 1850 (April 11, 1850), Shen Zengzhi was born in the apartment of nanheng street in Beijing. He lived here for 26 years, and his early enlightenment education was carried out here.

On May 18, 1857 (June 9, 1857), his father Shen Zonghan died. At the age of eight, Shen Zengzhi cried bitterly. Because his grandfather and father were very clean officials, Shen's family was even more difficult after Shen Zonghan died. Because he couldn't afford a teacher, his mother Han's family lit the lamp to teach Shen Zengzhi to read Li Yishan's poems. He could not go to bed until he could recite them. After a long period of training, Shen Zengzhi was proficient in phonology at an early age.

In 1860, when the British invaded Tianjin, her mother and 11 year old Shen Zengzhi took refuge in Changping. He followed his uncle, Shen Zongji, to the city tower of Changping, where he saw a desolate scene and heard the news that Yuanmingyuan had been burned. Although he was still a child, he was deeply shocked.

Learning by chance

In 1861, Shen Zengzhi followed Yu GONGMAO, who was staying in Beijing and was waiting for the official post, to read the book of rites and Tang poetry in nanhengjie middle school. Because of Shen Zengzhi's intelligence, Yu GONGMAO liked him very much. He often took him out to play and talked with him about the capital. Half a year later, Yu GONGMAO was awarded the title of magistrate of Hepu, and he was ready to go south. Shen Zengzhi held him by the corner of his coat and burst into tears. As a consolation, Yu GONGMAO, who is good at painting, gave him six pages of his album as a souvenir. His mother also taught Gao Shuzu Shen Tingyao's famous collection of Wang Shizhen's "Yuyang mountain people's essence". Shen Cengzhi could not help but memorize many beautiful sentences.

In the first year of tongzhi (1862), Shen Zengzhi followed Gao Wei, a native of Renhe County in Hangzhou, to study poetry and write at the beginning ceremony. Most of his diction and poetic skills were taught by Gao Wei Zeng. In his spare time, Shen Zengzhi often copied Tongjian Jishi Ben Mo and Gu Yingtai's Mingshi Jishi Ben Mo in regular script. From then on, he began to know about the restoration of the society in the late Ming Dynasty and began to pay attention to the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty. When he saw Wang Yanxiang, his teacher and friend, and his poems, he secretly imitated them and hid them in his schoolbag. After being discovered by his teacher, Gao Wei once told him to be a teachable child but not to be distracted. The next year, Gao Wei returned to his hometown in the south. The teachers and students left each other in tears.

In 1867, due to his poverty, Shen Zengzhi was forced to give the pawnbroker the rubbings of Lingfei Jing to buy rice for 30 yuan. This rubbings is extremely rare and can be regarded as the best among many rubbings. Shen Zengzhi's calligraphy skills are deeply affected by this, so Shen Zengzhi is hard to give up.

Imperial examination career

In 1870, Shen Zengzhi, a 21-year-old student, took part in the shuntianfu examination. Luo Jiashao, a real estate teacher, was very surprised by his knowledge. He and Wang renkan of Min county were regarded as the world's prodigies and recommended him to the examiner. However, Shen Zengzhi finally gave up, and Luo Jiashao was deeply sorry.

In 1872, Shen Zengzhi went to Chengdu by sea boat to husujiang river. On the way, he married Li Yijing and passed the Zhangliang temple in zibailing. He was deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery. He lingered for a long time and couldn't bear to leave. After returning to Beijing, Li Yijing pawned jewelry and clothes for Shen Zengzhi to study.

On August 10, 1873 (October 1, 1873), Shen Zengzhi took the 22nd place in the rural examination. His words and poems are deeply appreciated by the examiner mu Ronggan (mu Cihe). In the winter of the same year, Shen Zengzhi went to Baoding's Zhao experience home to meet Luo Xuecheng. The next year, he failed to take part in the examination. He and his distant brother Shen Baozhang (Zi Dafu) rented houses near the Gongyuan. Although the conditions were difficult, they worked hard with each other to study knowledge.

In 1875, Shen Zengzhi began to study frontier geography. He bought Zhang Mu's "Mongolian nomad" and Shen Yao's "luofanlou manuscript" to correct the maps of Northeast China, Tibet and Xinjiang, and "Shengwu's personal expedition". Because of his poor family, most of his map collation work is based on these two books. In addition, he also bought a book market when he was young dream of a single book "Yuan secret history", such as the treasure, night study. At that time, Shen Zengzhi studied Qian Yiji, a senior fellow of his hometown. Together with his cousin Li Chuanyuan and his younger brother Shen zengtong, Shen Zengzhi often took Qian's poems and sang them for entertainment.

In 1877, Shen Zengzhi went to Guangzhou to visit his uncle Shen Zongji. The next year, Shen Zengzhi met Yu GONGMAO, a 16-year-old private school teacher in Guangdong Province. He read all his paintings and calligraphy and exclaimed that things are right and people are wrong. At the end of the same year, he and his mother Han moved to panjiaheyan.

In April of 1880, Shen Zengzhi, 31, won the 24th place in the middle school examination. Wang Zuguang, the same examiner at that time, said that Shen Zengzhi and Li Ciming were the best in the game. Because Li Ciming was already famous, Shen Zengzhi didn't know the name of the text at that time, so Weng Tonghe, the Deputy examiner, attached great importance to Shen Zengzhi and thought that his papers were well-known from ancient to modern times. At that time, it was known that he was the descendant of Shen Weizhen, the Minister of the Ministry of industry during the reign of Jiaqing. Therefore, Weng Tonghe praised him a lot when he met him. Shen Zengzhi's papers are popular among the students because of their great fame. Li Ciming is very humble when he reads them. In the same month, Shen Zengzhi came in the 97th place in the third place of the palace examination. In October, Shen Zengzhi paid a visit to Li Ciming, who was deeply impressed by the wide range of his examination papers. In the winter of the same year, Shen Zengzhi and Zhu Funi returned to their hometown of Jiaxing. Li Ciming, Deng Chengxiu, Xu Jingcheng, Bao Dunfu and fan Zengxiang held a farewell banquet at the Li family. The next year, I will visit my uncle in Guangzhou.

Study for study

In 1884, when Shen Zengzhi lived in zhuchao street, Xuannan, his rare books were stolen. Shen Zengzhi was furious that the legal person wanted to invade China again.

In the spring of 1885, Shen Zengzhi worked out a plan for the Guangdong Provincial examination, involving the "song and Yuan learning plan" and Mongolian historical sites. As a result, the whole field turned in blank papers, but none of them took it. In June, Shen Zengzhi and Jingzhong famous tuhui were at Taoran Pavilion.

In 1887, Shen Zengzhi revised the geographical map of Northwest China in the Yuan Dynasty. He judged that the map was painted by Uighur people. He made a lot of achievements by referring to various books.

In 1888, Kang Youwei went up to Emperor Guangxu and wanyanshu asked for political reform. The Conservatives in the imperial court were greatly alarmed and wanted to arrest Kang Youwei. Shen Zengzhi and Huang Shaoji advised him not to discuss state affairs rashly, but to indulge in the state of gold and stone and hide his light. So Kang Youwei insisted on reading steles as his main task. He browsed all the gold and stone toys collected in the capital and wrote "guangyizhou Shuangji".

The ups and downs of Beijing officials

In 1890, Shen Zengzhi was appointed as the Prime Minister of Russia. At that time, China and Russia often had territorial negotiations. Cassini, the Russian envoy, sent the photocopies of Que special service stele, Turkic pygakhan stele, and nine surnamed Uighur Zou ridenro mishehe pygakhan Holy Text Shenwu stele to the prime minister's Yamen. In name, he asked experts to verify them, but in fact, he made it difficult for the Qing government. Shen Zengzhi wrote three postscripts to reply to the Russian envoy, which shocked the Russians. Later, these three inscriptions were published in the world, and Shen Zengzhi's reputation was gradually heard in the world. In the same year, Shen Zengzhi guided Kang Youwei with Zhonghe Taoism and corrected his extreme temperament. Kang you was very grateful to him.

In the winter of 1891, Shen Zengzhi moved to wailang. In the spring of the next year, he took up the post of doctor of Jiangsu Province.

In July of the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Li Ke wrote a letter to Yu Lianyuan (Jinshan) to impeach Kang Youwei for his disorderly words and perplexing the people. Please burn the "new learning and false classics examination" with the emperor's consent. Shen Zengzhi and Huang Shaoji, together with Sheng Yu and Wen Ting, electrified Xu Qi of Guangdong Xuetai to dredge the situation, but the rescue was ineffective. On November 24 (December 10) of the same year, his good friend Li Ciming died of illness. Shen Zengzhi was deeply grieved. Before his death, Li Ciming entrusted 70 diaries he had written to him

Chinese PinYin : Shen Ceng Zhi