Wang kekuan

Wang kekuan

Wang kekuan was a neo Confucianist and educator in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The name is Defu, and the name is huangu. Qimen County people. Wang kekuan was gifted and intelligent. At the age of 6, he was able to make parallel couplets, and at the age of 11, he was able to read the four books by himself.

brief introduction

Wang kekuan, who was born in Taoshu (now belonging to Tafang) of Nanxiang, was also named huangu. He was born in the fifth year of Dade in yuanchengzong and died in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. He was intelligent when he was young. At the age of 6, he was able to read and recite, and kept hundreds of words in his diary. At the age of 10, he was able to set his own punctuation and understand the essence of the four books. According to the Ming history book, he was born in the eighth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty and died in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. At the age of ten, his father gave him a Book of questions and answers with two peaks. Later, he worked in Wu Zhongqian and learned from him. TAIDING three years, (AD 1326) in the rural examination. In the meeting, we will try to answer the questions. He abandoned his studies and tried his best to study Confucian classics. Scholars call him Mr. huangu. At the beginning of Hongwu (1368 AD), the history of the Yuan Dynasty was compiled. When the book is finished, he will be given an official, and he will return with his old illness. Kekuan wrote eight volumes of huangu collection and nine volumes of Jingli Buyi (all the general catalogue of Siku). He also had a textual research on the Yiyin of Cheng and Zhu, and a collection of poems, which spread to the world.

"Genius"

In 1317, Wang kekuan, a 13-year-old, passed around the topic of the local examination. When he saw it, he wrote it. The villagers exclaimed "genius". Later, he went to Fuliang County to study in zhouxue with Wu Zhongyuan, a famous teacher. Because of his good understanding, he made great progress in his studies. In 1326, the third year of TAIDING, the candidate took part in the joint examination in Beijing in the spring of the next year. Because of his disagreement with the examiners, he was denied by those in power on current affairs. Wang kekuan insisted on his own views in his academic career and did not easily agree with the ready-made conclusion, which also made it difficult for him to enter the official career. He deeply felt that "the way was not right at that time", and devoted his whole life to the study of Neo Confucianism, the opening of a library to teach, and the writing of Neo Confucianism. When giving lectures in Xuanzhou and Shezhou, there were many scholars.

Concentrate on the study of Confucian classics

When he took the entrance examination in 1327, his arguments did not agree with those of the chief examiner, so he failed. From then on, he gave up the idea of taking the examination and seeking an official position. He devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics and gave lectures in Xuanzhou and Huizhou. Many people devoted themselves to his study. In 1368, the first year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the compilation of the history of the Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Hongwu Period, Song Lian, Wang Yi and Wang kekuan were selected as the presidents and 16 other people as the compilers. The history bureau started the compilation in Nanjing Tianjie temple. It took 188 days from February to August of the second year of Hongwu to complete 159 volumes of the history of the dynasties before Emperor Shun. Then, the Ming government sent Ouyang Youzhi and other 12 people to all parts of the country to collect information about the reign of Emperor Shun. In February of the third year of Hongwu, the history Bureau was reopened, and Song Lian and Wang Yi were still the presidents. However, the compilers made a great adjustment. This time, there were 15 compilers. Only Zhao Xun participated in the first work, and the rest were new people. In August, it was completed in 53 volumes and lasted 143 days. After unified processing, the manuscripts were 210 volumes, including 47 volumes of internal records, 58 volumes of annals, 8 volumes of tables and 97 volumes of biographies. The two starts lasted 331 days.

Famous in Beijing

Wang kekuan was erudite and talented, and his reputation spread far and wide in the capital. In 1369, under the repeated imperial edicts and courteous appointment, he applied for the capital at the age of 68 and assisted Song Lian in compiling the history of the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Hong wuchu was employed to revise the history of the Yuan Dynasty. He became a general of the Yuan Dynasty and was appointed as an official. His works include Huan Gu Ji, Shi Ji Zhuan Yin Yi Hui Tong, Cheng Zhu Yi Zhuan Yi Yin Kao and Chunqiu Jing Zhuan appendix zuoshu. It is the compilation of Yili, Zhouli, dadaili, xiaodaili, Chunqiu Zuozhuan, Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan, Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan and other scriptures. Where there are rites involved, the five rites of good luck, bad luck, army, guest and Xi are used to unify them. All the good rites are the sixty-eight items, the evil rites are the fifty-seven items, the military rites are the twenty-five items, the guest rites are the thirteen items, and the Xi rites are the twenty-one items. Finally, the book of rites is attached. "Siku Quanshu Zongmu" holds that "the study of mind Daoism by Ke Kuan does not require much from the family, nor does it pay much attention to the style of writing.". Each record must be marked with a dictionary, which is arranged one by one in a category. The text belongs to each other, but the language does not belong to each other. For example, the ritual of ancestral temple was cited, and the emperor Zhaogong had something to do in Wugong in the 15th year; the emperor shenyuyu and Yihai tasted in the 14th year of Duke HuanGong; the emperor Huiyan in the 5th day of the first month of the 8th year of Duke HuanGong; the emperor daoyue in the 6th year of Duke HuanGong; the emperor Chaoli in the 36th year of the spring and autumn; the emperor Huili in the 4th year of Duke Yingong Gong and song Gong met in Qing Dynasty and so on, and corrected their fallacies by discussing. There are also those who don't talk about it, such as the two years of Wengong who tasted the rites, he decided to be the official; the twenty eighth year of Xianggong who tasted the rites, he was the official relative of Chu people, and so on. In the book, it is difficult to refute the former Confucianists, but it is also difficult to refute the former Confucianists. Although the style of the book is special, it still belongs to the category of studying Yili, and has high reference value, especially for the study of ancient ritual system. Although the author's method is different from the traditional method of studying the three rites, it is simple and clear, which can be called ancient rites and so on. The disadvantage is that there is no order between the items, and the selection of materials is questionable. In this book, Huang Dun Ji, written by Cheng Minzheng in the Ming Dynasty, is called Jing Li Bu Yi, and it is said that "you hao is accurate, but you can buy it by all means"; the general catalogue of Siku Quanshu is also written by Jing Li Bu Yi, which is known as two famous scholars. There are Ming Dynasty edition, printed by the grandson of kekuan yuan, now in Beijing Library, as well as Siku Quanshu edition and tongzhitang Jingjie edition.

Confer official posts

After the completion of the historical work, the imperial court would confer official posts. Wang kekuan resigned on the grounds of old age and illness, so he gave platinum and other things and sent them back to his hometown in an official car. Wang kekuan left many works in his life, including 11 kinds of works, such as huanguji and Yijing Chengzhu zhuanyiyinkao. Wang kekuan is famous for his rigorous and respectful scholarship. Cheng Minzheng, a later scholar, commented: "there are all six classics, and the spring and Autumn period is the only prosperous period. In his life, he can be taught, and his source is especially correct. The way is enough to awaken people, and the skill is enough to defend saints. It can be called a generation of "famous scholars of science". Wang kekuan is also quite accomplished in literature, his articles are gentle and clear, and his poems are famous for "creating new language police", close to the style of Li He and Wen Tingyun. After Wang kekuan returned to his hometown, he built a "Book boat can be a building", widely collected classics and history, devoted himself to preaching and writing, and indifferent to his own happiness. After Wang kekuan died of illness, he was buried in Dongsheng Village.

work

Wang kekuan is diligent in writing, and has 11 kinds of works, including Jingli Buyi, Yijing Chengzhu zhuanyiyinkao, Shijing jizhuanyinyihuitong, Chunqiu huzhuan appendix zuoshu, Chunqiu Zuoyi Jue, Tongjian Gangmu Fanyi Kaoyi, Chunqiu Zhuzhuan abstract, Zhouli leiyao, Liushu original meaning, Zuozhuan Fenji and huanguji. Wang kekuan, with his extraordinary perseverance and profound academic ability, re examined, collated and analyzed some valuable ancient classics. Cheng Minzheng, a scholar at that time, commented on Wang kekuan as follows: "all the six classics have their own theories, but spring and autumn are the most prosperous; they can be taught in all their lives, especially from the right source.". The way is enough to awaken people, and the skill is enough to defend saints. "

Regular script handwriting

Wang kekuan's biography of Jiang Xi is a small biography written by Wang kekuan for Wang Zhe, a famous Wuyuan doctor, in the second year of yuantaiding (1325). It is 24.8 cm in length and 56.2 cm in width. The volume is composed of exquisite handwriting, simple and thick style, outstanding style, and postscripts by Wu Deying, Chen dexuan and Cheng Honghao.

Neo Confucianism

Xin'an Neo Confucianism is a school that once played an important role in the history of Chinese thought, especially in Xin'an (later called Huizhou). The founders of Neo Confucianism, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi of Luoyang and Zhu Xi of jidacheng Wuyuan, all had their ancestral home in Huangdun of she county (now belonging to Tunxi), so they were called "Cheng Zhu que Li". The main works of Xin'an Neo Confucianism include the lecture notes of Xing Li Zi Xun, Taiji books and notes of Jin Si Lu, which explain the proposition of Cheng Zhu's Neo Confucianism, and the invention of four books, the compilation of Shu Zhuan, the integration of Li Ji and the summary of six classics which explain Cheng Zhu's academic thoughts. From the early Southern Song Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Xin'an Neo Confucianism maintained in Huizhou for more than 600 years, which had a great impact on the social and cultural development of Huizhou. The appendix of Chunqiu jingzhuan is Wang kekuan's famous work of Neo Confucianism, which has 30 volumes. He took the spring and Autumn Annals written by Confucius, researched the similarities and differences of various theories, discussed various theories, and gathered them into a book. Cheng Minzheng, a Bachelor of Ming University, praised him for "all the six classics have their own theories, and the spring and Autumn period is the only prosperous period. He can be taught all his life, and he has a correct source.". The way is enough to awaken people, and the skill is enough to defend saints. "Xin'an Xue Xi Lu" was written by Cheng Tong in Ming Dynasty. Recuperate Ningxian people. From Cheng Hao and Cheng Yiqi to Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, this book records the deeds and main academic viewpoints of 112 Neo Confucianism scholars. It is the first monograph to systematically introduce Neo Confucianism scholars.

History of the Yuan Dynasty

Wang kekuan's name is Defu. He is from Qimen, Anhui Province. Born in Yuan Dynasty, he is a Taoist. It is said that after Zhu Xi, once, again and three times, the orthodoxy passed to him. He is a scholar of Confucian tradition. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang invited him to Nanjing to write the history of the Yuan Dynasty. Most of his works are about Confucian classics. This picture is attached to the front of his book Jingli Buyi. It was carved by Cheng Minzheng of Xin'an in 1493. Cheng Minzheng, a fellow of Wang kekuan's, has carved many books,

Chinese PinYin : Wang Ke Kuan