Maopang

Maopang

Mao Pang (1056 -?)? He was born in Jiangshan, Quzhou (now Jiangshan, Zhejiang). Ci poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in the family of "Confucian master of the world". Father Wei Zhan, Bo Wei Fan and Shu Wei Fu were all Jinshi. In 1079, he married Zhao Ying in Xi'an (now Quzhou, Zhejiang Province).

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In 1080, he went to Junzhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi Province) with his father to meet Su Zhe. In seven years, he served as the county captain of Yingzhou (now Zhongxiang, Hubei). Yuan Youjian, a philosopher, was a facao in Hangzhou. Su Shi once recommended it. Su Shi, the magistrate, appreciated it and praised it as "elegant and vigorous in literature and Ci, with the charm of surpassing the world." In the first year of Yuanfu (1098), he was appointed county magistrate of Wukang, and in the first year of Chongning (1102), he was recommended by Zeng Bu to Beijing as an official of deletion. In the year of cangchi, Zeng Buxiang, Pang LianZuo, was tried and put into prison. In the first year of Zhenghe (1111), he dismissed his official and returned to Li, leaving his home in Xianju temple. He was exiled to Tokyo. In the early years of Daguan (about 1108), Cai Jing, the prime minister, was appointed as the drum court of dengwen. During the reign of Zhenghe, he served as a member of CI department, wailang, and magistrate of Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing City). He was frustrated in his official career.

Mao Pang's poems were rated as "bold and unrestrained" and "independent". In 1089 of Yuanyou's fourth year, the ending of the small words in xifenfei · Fuyang Seng she's saying goodbye on behalf of others "is" tonight in the deep of the mountain, the soul will be broken and the tide will go back ". Zhou Hui of Southern Song Dynasty thinks that the subtle emotion is mellow," the language is full but the meaning is not full, the meaning is full but the feeling is not full ". Ten volumes of dongtangji and one volume of dongtangci are included in Sikuquanshu. There are 15 volumes of Mao Pang Ji in the history of Song Dynasty. Influenced by Su Shi and Liu Yong, his Ci is clear, mellow, elegant and elegant. His ci influenced the works of Chen Yuyi, Zhu Dunru, Jiang Baishi and Zhang Yan. His masterpieces include the moon of Qinlou, the song of shuidiao (I), the spring of Yulou (III), the Bodhisattva man (I), Tasha Xing (I), dianjianglip (III), mushanxi (III), huanxisha (III), etc. There is a collection of Dongtang Ci, which contains more than 200 CI.

His poetry is "full of wind and spring, rather uninhibited"; his prose is "magnificent and unrestrained, which is a scale and half of the two Soviets"; his Ci is "natural and unrestrained", "special charm". However, it is such a writer who is "not a writer, but also a vassal", elegant, successful and influential, but has not been given due attention. As for his Ci, some monographs on literary history and CI studies have not mentioned a word, and some anthologies have not recorded a single poem. In fact, Dong Tang CI is rich in content, charming and elegant, and its author Mao pang can be called a great master in the Northern Song Dynasty. Dongtang CI plays an important role in promoting the development of Song Ci in terms of subject matter, artistic technique and tone.

Mao Pang, a native of Jiangshan, Quzhou, was born in 1061, probably 1055. Lu Kanru and Feng Yuanjun hold this view in the third volume of the history of Chinese poetry; (2) born between 1054 and 1056. (3) born in 1057. (4) born in 1060. Zhou Shaoxiong's textual research on the year of Mao Pang's birth and death (Journal of Zhejiang Normal University, Social Science Edition, No.4, 1984) holds it, and his newly published Quan Song Wen Mao Pang volume follows it. (5) he was born in 1064. Hu Yunyi's Song Ci research held it, and Zhou Duwen's Mao Dongtang Xingshi kaolue followed it; he died in the last years of Xuanhe.

Due to the lack of data and research, Mao Pang has been rarely known by the public. After the 1980s, with the spring breeze of reform and opening up, the research on Mao Pang and his Ci has been increasing. Zhou Shaoxiong, Cao Xinhua and Hu Kexian mainly focus on the textual research of Mao Pang's life and chronology; Li Chaojun, Jin Wude and Zheng Zhigang mainly focus on Mao Pang's Ci. Among them, Mr. Zhou Shaoxiong, a native of Mao Pang, has been devoted to the study of Mao Pang for more than ten years. He has made a detailed study of Mao Pang's family background, life and friends, and has collated the collection of Mao Pang (Zhejiang ancient books publishing house, 1999 edition). However, compared with other famous poets of the same era, Mao Pang's research is not only limited in number of researchers, but also in few works and depth. There are still many weak links and gaps to be further studied. For example, most of the studies on Dongtang CI are limited to the theme, content or artistic style, but fail to combine the theme, style, rhythm and other aspects with a historical, comprehensive and holistic perspective. Some even draw a conclusion on the basis of not fully understanding Mao Pang.

Main works

Love words

Love is the eternal theme of literature, and it is also one of the most important themes of Tang and Song Ci, and Mao Pang is no exception. According to statistics, there are about 40 poems about love in Dongtang Ci, accounting for 1 / 5 of Mao Pang's poems.

Unlike other poets of the same era who mostly described the feelings between literati and Geisha, Mao Pang's love words mainly reflected the feelings of husband and wife. In the indulgent feudal society, this is very valuable. Zhao Ying, Mao Pang's first wife, is the granddaughter of Zhao Zhen, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty. She lost her parents when she was young and learned to be polite. When she was 18 years old, Zhao Zhen was in charge of the marriage with Mao Pang. She "thin lead and Dai, simple clothes and elegant embroidery", however, she treated the guests with kindness. In his youth, Mao Pang was lazy and didn't like to be an official. His family members laughed and scolded him. They thought he was stupid. Zhao Ying comforted him and said, "if you have enough food and clothing, you can rest. You are the first to collect thousands of volumes, in which all the sages are there. Although you are old behind closed doors, you will not be lonely. " ⑥ It can be seen that the couple fell in love, and the couple's life was very similar. In Dongtang Ci, there is one who is sentimentally attached to his wife during the journey: "the short boat still stops, the heart goes first. It's a good time to talk about the date of return and call people to do it. When the sun goes down, the city is no different. The wind and dew are cold, and the tall buildings are mistakenly seen. How can the moon shine to the lonely village tonight. According to or dream back to embroider. Imagination of distant mountains, waves of autumn. In the night of the next day, I will draw eyebrows with Yi. " There is a story about spending the Chinese Valentine's day with his wife: "the short distance lingers green, the elephant bed is low, and the jade duck is fragrant. The light cloud is shining on the river, and it's cooler than the green branches. Autumn rhyme, Yin shift, under the curtain. Heaven on earth, the same scenery, I and you know (Chinese Valentine's day) there are also many congratulatory speeches entitled "family birthday" to express good wishes to his wife.

Mao Pang's love words are neither affectionate nor sweet words, but they are full of love. They contain but do not reveal, and there are no greasy words. Such as: "cold full of a blanket who share. The night is deep and the soul is drunk. Rain call smoke call pay desolate, and not into those good dreams. Tomorrow, the river will be dark. Boat system, a line of fish. Ji Ying's life is full of water, and he will see you again and again after passing the perch boat. " (a boat at night. A rainy night Moors in Wujiang, passing the Chuihong Pavilion tomorrow) Mao Pang's poems have few direct feelings. That is to say, from the following Song Sheng Zha Zi, the poet's melancholy thoughts are all set off by the melancholy and symbolic scenery, such as the twilight of late spring, the sunset by the river, the fragrance of the wind, the withering spring flowers, and the dancing catkins.

Spring Festival Gala out of the mountain city, sunset line riverside. When people do not share the same tide, the fragrance will disperse in the wind.

Flowers wither, little make-up remains, warblers are trapped, and songs are broken. Line rain dream soul disappear, flying catkins mood chaos.

In ancient poetry, the sincere and pure feelings between husband and wife are often expressed in the form of mourning and parting. However, Mao Pang makes it unfold in daily life such as boat trip, festival and birthday celebration. It has warm and touching feelings, relaxed and joyful mood. It completely records a feudal scholar's persistent emotional course towards his wife, which obviously has unique ideological value. Mao Pang's love poems for husband and wife often melt his feelings into the beautiful and sad scenery. The language is elegant and fresh, the feelings of the poems are lingering, and the purpose of the poems is subtle. On the basis of emotional purification, Mao Pang's love poems show an obvious tendency of elegance and poetry. This kind of simple and sincere love between husband and wife is more expressed in the CI, which helps to wash away the rich and greasy manner of love CI since the late Tang Dynasty and the frivolous and gorgeous style of Song Dynasty folk CI. This is Mao Pang's unique contribution to Song Ci.

Entertainment words

In the history of Song Ci poetry, Yan Shu and Zhang Xian have introduced the daily life of officialdom into their ci poetry. However, the main purpose of Yan Shu's Ci poetry lies in the sigh of life after drinking and singing, while Zhang Xian's Ci Poetry focuses on the scenes of listening to songs and watching dances and artistic feelings. In Ouyang Xiu and Liu Yong's works, they have brought the style of enjoying the beauty of the lake and mountains and singing about the prosperity of the city into their ci poetry. However, there are still few such works, which are not enough to determine their overall style of Ci poetry. Even in Su Shi's Ci, which is not to be written about anything and not to be entered by any intention, this kind of natural and unrestrained style is only a small part of his colorful charm, which is obviously not as extensive and concentrated as Mao Pang later. As for Chao Buzhi's reclusive theme creation, it was not until Huizong Dynasty, when he left office and lived in leisure, but also after zhezong Dynasty, when Mao Pang's style of Ci was mature. It can be seen that it was from Mao pang that the leisure and interest of the literati became a great power from the vassal. It really became the focus of CI literature, a kind of life concept, and reached the realm of transcendence. As he described in "huanxisha · boating", he said, "little boy, the wind blows across Liuqiao in Liangzhou, who advised me to empty the jade cup. Although the content of the poem involves the pleasure of sound and color, the life interest of the poet lies in the carefree spirit and the joy of getting rid of the dust,

Chinese PinYin : Mao Pang