Mao Qiling
Mao Qiling (1623-1716), formerly known as Sheng, also known as Chuqing, was born in Xiaoshan County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. The scholars call Xihe as "Mr. Xihe". At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, he was a Confucian classics scholar and writer.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Zhu Sheng took part in the anti Qing military in the early Qing Dynasty and began to live in exile for many years. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, he recommended the Department of erudite ci poetry and gave it a title of review. You can't come back after a vacation. He wrote a lot about the history of classics and phonology. His collection of Xihe is divided into four volumes: classics, history, essays and miscellaneous works.
Mao Qiling and his elder brother Mao Wanling were called "Jiangdong Er Mao"; Mao Xianshu and Mao Ji were named as "Sanmao in the middle of Zhejiang Province and Sanhao in the text". Jinnong and chenzhuan in "Yangzhou Eight monsters" are his disciples.
Life of the characters
At the age of four, Mao Qiling was able to read and recite "University" orally by his mother. When he was young, he was brilliant and famous for his poems. At the age of 13, he ranked first in the boy test and was regarded as a "child prodigy". When Chen Zilong, the chief examiner, saw that he was young, he joked: "before Huang Mao retired, did you come to take the exam?" Mao Qiling replied, "the swans are waiting to fly. This is the first sound." Everyone was shocked.
Ming died, crying in the school for three days. Later, he took part in the military affairs of the king of Lu in the Southern Ming Dynasty. After the defeat of the king of Lu, he changed his name to Wang Yan and died in the rivers and lakes for more than ten years. When the Ming Dynasty died and the Qing army went south, he and Shen Yuxi, Cai Zhongguang and Bao Bingde stayed away from the mountains in the south of the county and built earth rooms to study. Mao Qiling is stubborn and arrogant. He once said, "since the yuan and Ming Dynasties, there has been no scholar. It has been 300 years since then." The judge's words were too radical and offended many people. Therefore, his enemies were accused several times. Later, he traveled to Jianghuai, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places. Lai Youren raised money to donate money to Guozijian. In 1679, he took part in the compilation of Ming history. During this period, it was submitted as "ancient and modern Tongyun" 1, which was praised and sent to the Museum of history. Kangxi 24 years (1685) with the examiner. In 1687, because of swelling of knees and stiffness of joints, he resigned and retired. He lived in Wan Ling's home in Zhugan lane of Hangzhou and devoted himself to writing. He once met Tang bin and had many difficulties with Yan ruoxian. There are many scholars, including Li Long and Shao tingcai.
When Mao Qiling was 70 years old, he wrote his own epitaph, proposing that "no crown, no shoes, no clothes, no condolence guests" after death. Kangxi 55 years (1716) died at home, buried in Xiaoshan Beigan houputan.
Main works
Mao Qiling is knowledgeable, able to study classics, history and phonology. He also works as a poet. He is good at parallel prose, prose and poetry. Proficient in temperament, and engaged in theoretical criticism of poetry. He also has profound skills in the art of calligraphy, and has his own artistic style, which was highly respected in the early Qing Dynasty. Mao Qiling's calligraphy is a representative of the literati's calligraphy, which is vigorous, upright, elegant and unique. Mao Qiling read a lot and learned the verses. In case of different opinions, we must "search for the source" and "correct the quality of every word", so as to hold our own unique opinions. His four books correcting mistakes is an attack against Zhu Xi's four books collection. Mao Qiling's whole life was to argue and determine the classics. He tried his best to govern the classics. The original text was the main one, not mixed with other's narration. He wrote the picture of university knowledge in Shaolin Temple, which is his favorite work. As well as many other works, all expound his thought of governing classics. In addition to the study of qianxinjing, he also studied local chronicles, including three volumes of Xianghu water conservancy chronicles and three volumes of Xiaoshan county annals. In addition, Mao is quite accomplished in literature and music. He is good at poetry and ode, and has many volumes of Xihe Shihua and Xihe Cihua. He has also taught music temperament, and has four volumes of Jingshan Yuelu and two volumes of yueben commentary. Shao ruipeng, a modern poet, commented that his Ci was "elegant and close to the Yuefu after Qi and Liang dynasties, and the style was superior to that of the late Tang Dynasty".
Mao Qiling was arrogant in the study of Confucian classics. He wanted to win over others with his erudite arguments. He criticized Zhu Xi's "four books collection notes" and wrote "four books correcting mistakes". Ruan Yuan tried to argue that he had made a great contribution to Qianlong Jiaxue. He is also fond of poetry. He was first known by Chen Zilong, and changed repeatedly from the three Tang Dynasties to Qi and Liang dynasties. In his poems, he advocated "implication" and "seeing difficulties" and "doing his best"; he generally respected the Tang Dynasty and suppressed the Song Dynasty, and even slandered Su Shi. His works are also quite broad and elegant, and are well-known. Ryukyu envoys once visited him in Hangzhou and sought to buy his poetry collection. However, Mao Qiling said that his poems "reciprocate 19, feast 11, and have no sense of visiting". Zhang Weiping also said that "most famous ancient poems have longevity poems, and almost never cross the Maoxi river." It can be seen that its content is relatively narrow and poor. He also wrote a Book of changes, which knocked down the book of changes. Mao Qiling believes that Zhou Dunyi's Taiji is a document from Taoism and Buddhism.
There are dozens of ancient books in song and Yuan Dynasties. I can't help rubbing them every day. The Jiancang library is "Bingxiang building", "youhanju" and so on. His wife is tough, his wife is sick, but he still keeps collecting books and collating. One day, while he was out, his wife said that he had been carrying colorful ancient books all day, instead of helping rice and salt to make a living. In a rage, he burned the ancient books in Xihe. The book collection is printed with "seal of Xihe Mao's collection", "historian", "Taishi", "Dake's", "Minister of literature servant", "youhanju collection", "bingxianglou", "seal of Mao Shen", "seal of Xihe Jizi", "Dongwu maozi book", "Jianxiang book", etc. He is good at poetry and calligraphy. He has dozens of works, such as continuation of Mao's poetry, ancient and modern Tongyun, spring and autumn biography of Mao, Jingji, Jingshan Yuelu, Xihe Shihua, Cihua, Sishu Gaicuo, Hetu Luoshu Yuanxun Bian, Taiji tushuo Yiyi, and so on. There are more than 230 volumes of poems and Fu, and later generations compiled Xihe Heji. Sikuquanshu has more than 40 kinds of works, which is the most personal works in Sikuquanshu.
Mao Qiling's works are very rich. There are 52 kinds of his works in Sikuquanshu alone. His posthumous works are composed of 493 volumes of complete works of Xihe compiled by the students. They are composed of two parts: Jingji and Wenji. It should be attributed to Jibu, 119 volumes of articles, 50 volumes of poems and 7 volumes of CI. There are 8 volumes of Shihua and 2 volumes of Cihua.
Character evaluation
Liang Qichao's complete works of Liang Qichao, Volume 3: "he was a pure academic thief who fanned the evil wind for three hundred years, and the most poisonous people today are Xu Qianxue, Tang bin, Li Guangdi and Mao Qiling." Tang bin and Li Guangdi were both famous scholars in the early Qing Dynasty. Bin killed Li Yuting, the old general of Ming Dynasty, and sold his friend Chen Menglei to Guangdi. His mastermind of destroying Geng and Zheng was Guixian. Ranbin's deceiving the king, the sage's observing, Guangdi's forgetting the relatives and greedy for the position, Peng pengmin's people, in the process of giving things, are in the same hometown with Guangdi. Impeachment, that is to say, to discuss the great virtues, is not enough to set an example. But they were all attached to Cheng Zhu and Lu Wang, and they were all illustrious with a generation of Confucianists. Qualitatively speaking, those two schools of thought are not as good as Xu Heng in learning, and they are similar to Xu Heng in abandoning their reputation and integrity; they are not as good as Gongsun Hong in advancing their academic level, and they are similar to Xu Heng in making a fake. Unfortunately, it was written in Lizi. Since then, the end of Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties has come (Liang Qichao, complete works of Liang Qichao, Volume 3, Xinmin's view: Beijing Publishing House, 1999, P. 611)
Character achievement
poetry
Among the famous poets in the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Qiling was one of those who pursued and innovated in poetry creation. The famous expert of Ci poetry and the late Professor Long Yusheng commented on Japan in his selected Ci Poetry of famous poets in the past three hundred years: "Huajian, a study of Xiaoling at a strange age, has the flavor of Yuefu in the Southern Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, all the authors had their own faces." Chen tingzhuo (ziyifeng), a poet of the late Qing Dynasty, thinks highly of himself. He likes to ridicule his predecessors' CI with his personal prejudice. He says that Mao Qiling's Ci is "not deep in creation, but skillful in thinking." Shi Zhecun, a famous modern writer and Professor, disagrees. In his selected Huajian Xinji, he selected 12 poems by Mao Qiling. He said: "you Mao's twelve poems can be compared with lipos. However, the highest level is the Song Ci of Qing Dynasty. Chen Yifeng ridiculed him for "not having a deep background of creation, but having a skillful way of thinking". He almost didn't know the origin of CI. " After Chen tingzhuo's Ci poems, Shi Lao commented on the day when "Bai yuzhai (according to the name of tingzhuo) said that the main character of Ci poems was gloomy, saying that" sinking is not floating, and depression is not thin ". When he discussed the minor leader of Tang and Five Dynasties, he said that" Yan Ou had fallen behind. ". The argument is very high. He wrote his own words. He also tried to figure out Wen and Wei. He worked hard between the voice and the color of the words, but it seemed like his ears. " It is true that the arbitrary negation of Mao Qiling's Ci, especially Xiaoling's Ci, can only show that the negation "almost knows the origin of the Ci"; it is not fair and true to simply denounce Mao Qiling's Ci, which is unique and unique in the early Qing Dynasty, as "the creation of the environment is not deep". In a word, Mao Qiling's achievements in poetry, CI and Qu are objective historical existence. According to the summary of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu, "Qi Lingshan's poems and Yuefu's lyrics are beautiful and beautiful. They sing according to the stanzas, making people sad and able to play the flute." In his Xihe Cihua, the development and evolution of Ci and Qu are described in detail (general catalogue, Vol. He must not be underestimated because he does not have the bold and unconstrained Ci Fu of "the great river goes to the East". Like Qian Qianyi, Wang Shizhen, Wu Weiye, Zhu YIZUN, Chen Weisong and others in the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Qiling's achievements in poetry, prose, CI and music can not be denied.
Mao Qiling's poems are of various styles and many of them are excellent. Such as the five unique "reading mirror Ci": "gradually feel lead China, who pity haggard new. With the rest of the tears, only the person in the mirror few
Chinese PinYin : Mao Qi Ling
Mao Qiling