Liang Zhouhan

Liang Zhouhan

Liang Zhouhan (929-1009), born in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, was a scholar and politician in the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty. Together with Gao Xi, Liu Kai and Fan Gao, he advocated the style of pure and solid ancient prose, which was the pioneer of the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty.

historical figure

Liang Zhouhan was very studious when he was young, and he could write Ci at the age of ten. In the second year of Zhou Guangshun (952 AD), he was awarded the title of Jinshi in the examination and was granted the title of master of Yucheng. The prime ministers Fan Zhi and Wang Pu believed that Liang Zhouhan was a famous man and should not be allowed to be an official in other places. Therefore, they changed Liang Zhouhan's post to Cao Canjun, the head of Kaifeng Prefecture. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhi and Wang Pu were still prime ministers, and Liang Zhouhan was cited as secretary Lang and Zhi Shiguan.

At this time, Zuo Shiyi, Zhi Zhigao and Gao xishangfeng argued that Wu Chengwang temple was worthy of 72 sages. Among them, Wang Seng argued that he would not end up with a good end. Therefore, Zhang Zhao, Minister of the Ministry of officials, Dou Yi, Minister of the Ministry of industry, and Gao Xi were selected from the temple. Only those whose merits and virtues were flawless could be selected. Liang Zhouhan wrote to this end: "I think since the creation of heaven and earth, there have been many sages and sages all over the world, but there are no perfect people. Duke Zhou can be said to be a sage. He helped King Wu to pacify the world and helped King Cheng to govern the country. His merits and virtues are obvious in the world. Even so, he still had difficulties at home and abroad. Outside, he was in trouble with Huaiyi, while inside, he was in charge of and criticized by CAI. As a result, he was in a dilemma and was in a difficult position. Is that perfect? I thought I couldn't. Confucius was also a sage. He deleted poems and books, determined rites and music, respected Yao and Shun, and publicized King Wen and King Wu. However, he finally had no choice but to leave the state of Lu and travel around. He was unlucky in the state of Chen. Although he was once used for Duke Ding and Duke AI of Lu, he was excluded by Ji and Meng. He also persuaded the Robber Zhi to go through Nanzi's back door, which was harmful to his reputation. Could this be called perfection? I thought I couldn't. As for the other sages of later generations, they are even worse than these two sages. It would be too harsh for us to accuse them of failing to persevere and finish well.

"Since the Tang Dynasty, Jiang Taigong has been highly praised and worshipped, probably because the people of the Tang Dynasty realized that although the world is vast, it can not be stopped. If there are disputes in the world, it is inevitable that there will be wars. Jiang Ziya's way of protecting the people and using the army can be borrowed. At the time of Zhengyuan (785-805), the Tang Dynasty paid more attention to the system of sacrificial ceremony, and enriched the temple with military generals of all dynasties, such as the side of the statue of King Wenxuan, arranged his disciples to arrange the guard around. Although this practice is not a model, it can be followed by later generations. What's more, in the past, there was no lack of wise people with good sense. Considering the difficulty of discussion, we only need to have a general grasp of them. Now, if we want to examine them in different categories and come to the conclusion of affirmation and negation, we can't generalize the whole. We can't forget the great good of fox fur by the small defect of lamb sleeve. If so, I'm afraid we won't be able to select people worthy of affirmation.

For example, Le Yi and Lian Po fled and were captured; Han Xin and Peng Yue were all convicted and killed. Bai Qi was forced to commit suicide, and Wu Zixu was given death by the king of Wu. Zuo Che was the general who died unjustly. Sun Bin was the one who was punished. He died unjustly in the state of Qi and Wu Qi in the state of Chu. Zhou Bo said it was thick and heavy, suspected of treason and rebellion, Chen Pingshan's strategy and slander of accepting bribes, Yafu died of prison officials, and Deng AI died of framing. Li Guang missed the March date and committed suicide, while Dou Yingshu lost his life as a friend. Deng Yu was defeated in Huixi and had no command over the army all his life; Ma Yuan died of Manqian and had no ceremony to lay a memorial when he returned his corpse. Others, such as Zhuge Liang and others, served as the master of folk prescription; Wang JINGLUE's generation assisted the unorthodox monarch. Guan Yu was captured by the enemy and Zhang Fei was killed by his subordinates. All these famous generals are heroes in the world. If they insist on finding out their flaws, they can't be an exception. They may also be eliminated and abandoned. However, these generals are outstanding and famous. Even woodcutters and shepherds know their names and admire them from their heart. If they are removed from the temple, they will be criticized for their shortcomings and the evil of the ancients. People will be puzzled and have a lot of discussions. When you travel in the mountains, you will no longer enjoy the high reputation in history. You will hate the Ming Dynasty.

"What's more, his majesty wants to revive his military power, stress the art of war, and build a military shrine. His purpose is to inspire the generals and ministers, so that they can gain wisdom and spirit from those famous generals in the past. However, if those famous generals were not put in the shrine, the temple would be in vain, and the officials thought it was improper and fair. Everything should be done in a proper way and in a proper way. If we can discuss the past today, we are afraid that those who come will not be the present. May the Lord observe my loyalty and issue enlightened edicts. Ask the emperor to approve and transmit this book for the imperial court to discuss. "

In qiandezhong (963-968), Liang Zhouhan presented 20 pieces of fiction, which was promoted to the right collection. When the Imperial Palace was renovated, Liang Zhouhan went on to write the ode to wufenglou, which was recited by many people. Since the Five Dynasties, Liang Zhouhan, Gao Xi, Liu Kai, and Fan Gao are both simple, elegant and friendly, so they were called "Gao, Liang, Liu, and fan" at that time. At first, song Taizu knew Zhou Han's father in the army, and general Shi Shouxin and his father were acquaintances. One day, Taizu told Shi Shouxin that he was going to use Liang Zhouhan to make a patent. Shi Shouxin told Liang Zhouhan that he wanted to use Liang Zhouhan to make a patent. Unexpectedly, Liang Zhouhan could not wait to thank the emperor. As a result, Taizu got angry and gave up the idea of using Liang Zhouhan to make a patent.

When Liang Zhouhan was sentenced to mianzhou and Meizhou, because he beat people to death in Meizhou, he was deprived of the second official and was awarded the crown prince doctor Zuo zanshan. In the third year of Kaibao (970), Liang Zhouhan moved to the right to collect the relics, supervised the Ling brocade courtyard, changed the left Que and knew the official business of Dali. At that time, the imperial court will carry out the suburban worship activities, and Liang Zhouhan said: "Your Majesty's worship of God in the suburbs again should be widely spread and forgiven. I think that the world is very big, and there are some places where grace has not arrived, which should be extended. Nowadays, there are a lot of taxes collected, and there are many kinds of things that have been changed by science and technology. Now the land of Xishu, Huainan, Jing, Tan, Guang and GUI all belong to the king's land. If your majesty can use the profits of the three parties to reduce and reduce the income of various taxes, in this way, the benefits will be equal and the people's strength will be broadened. " Before long, Liang Zhouhan was sued for beating brocade workers with his staff. Taizu was very angry and scolded Liang Zhouhan, saying, "don't you know that other people's skin and blood are the same as yourself? Why torture? " When he hit Liang Zhouhan with his staff, Liang Zhouhan said to himself: "I have the talent to be famous in the world, and what I did is inappropriate." Taizu's anger subsided and he was only granted the title of Si Nong Si Cheng. The next year, Liang Zhouhan was the crown prince zhongyun.

Liang Zhouhan knew Suzhou in Taiping Xingguo (976-984). He is proficient in music, like gambling, only to drink for fun. There is a music official surnamed Qian in Suzhou. There are hundreds of people in his family. Liang Zhouhan orders him to send out hundreds of people to perform songs and dances every day for himself to have fun. Because he didn't manage the county affairs, he was accused of taking charge of Xijing. One month later, he was awarded doctor Zuo zanshan and was still in the branch office. Before long, Liang Zhouhan was appointed Deputy envoy of the regiment training in Chuzhou. In yongxizhong (984-987), Prime Minister Li Bo, who was famous for Liang Zhouhan, called him to make up for youbuque, granted Feiyu, and asked him to go to Jianghuai to raise tea and salt.

Liang Zhouhan was praised by others for his study of Ci, but he was often sent to the local government. He was dissatisfied and naturally did not like official affairs. At this time, song Bai, the academician of the Imperial Academy, and others said that Liang Zhouhan had a talent for history, so the imperial court ordered him to write at the historical museum. When Taizong tried the Gongshi, Zhou Han was the examiner. Taizong gave Jin Zizhi to him. Taizong also told the prime minister that he had literary talent, so Liang Zhouhan had to move to the living room. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), Zhang Mi suggested that the post of Zuo Zuo Shi should be set up again. The imperial court ordered Liang Zhouhan and Li zonger to take over the post of Zuo Zuo Shi. Zhou Han, who is also the Minister of daily living, said: "from now on, the emperor's words of Chongzheng and Changchun palace, and the things discussed by the courtiers, I hope they will still be the current political records of Zhongshu. The Privy Council's affairs, which involve military secrets, will be compiled by itself and sent to the historical museum at the end of each month. All the other organizations, which have things to do with worship, reform, evolution and establishment, should be submitted to the historical museum separately for cataloging . Still, your son and she Ren were in charge of Chongzheng Hall to record words and deeds, not for daily life. Every month, they sent the records to the emperor in advance for review, and then handed them down to the historical museum. " The emperor adopted Liang Zhouhan's suggestion. The daily notes were sent to the emperor for review after liang Zhouhan suggested. Liang Zhouhan had a reputation for a long time, but he had been neglected for a long time. Now he is promoted, which is the hope of the time.

When investigating the officials of the Jing Dynasty, it is stipulated that those who dare to conceal their former offenders will be removed from the name of the people. Liang Zhouhan was condemned by many people. Yang Huizhi led the three scholars to the prime minister's house. He thought that Liang Zhouhan had evaded for no reason. In fact, his crimes were frequent and could not be fully recorded, so he stopped paying a fine of 100 Jin. At first, Zhao Anyi proposed to cast a large iron coin in Xichuan, one for ten. Liang Zhouhan wrote: "in ancient times, goods, coins and money were used at the same time. If the money was less than goods and coins, it was to cast a large coin, or 100 or 50. This practice was just to broaden the scope of money and make full use of it. Now it's better to let the people of Shu trade, where iron money is only used for one money, Guanzhong market goods use two money as one money. Sichuan is suffering from less salt, so it is in the interests of both the public and the private to ask for a court in Yizhou In daozhong (995-997), Liang Zhouhan was promoted to be a doctor of the Ministry of industry.

Song Zhenzong knew the name of Liang Zhouhan before he became the crown prince, and summoned him to submit his articles. Liang Zhouhan compiled all his articles and presented them to the crown prince. The crown prince also wrote letters. Before the ceremony of emperor Zhenzong's accession to the throne, he first promoted Liang Zhouhan to be the doctor of the driving department, and later appointed the historical museum and Zhaowen Museum. In the third year of Xianping (1000), Liang Zhouhan was called as a Bachelor of Hanlin, and was ordered to study with Zhao Anyi. Because of the war at the end of Tang Dynasty, the genealogy was lost. Therefore, there was no reference for compiling genealogy, so Liang Zhouhan had to be creative

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