Liang Tongshu

Liang Tongshu

Liang Tongshu (1723-1815) was a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. Yuanying, named Shanzhou, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) in his later years. He is the son of Liang Shizheng.

Liang Tongshu was elected in the 12th year of Qianlong (1747). In the 17th year, he was specially granted Jinshi and officialdom. He is the author of the collection of pinluo nunnery. The origin of Liang Tong's calligraphers. When he was 12 years old, he was able to write big characters. He studied Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan for the first time. After middle age, he chose FA MiFu. After 70 years old, he integrated and understood, and was a natural person. He has been studying calligraphy for more than 60 years and has a long reputation. He has many inscriptions.

Liang Tongshu was skilled in regular script and running script. In his later years, he was able to write small regular script. His big characters were tight and tight, and the small ones were elegant. Together with Liu Yong, Weng Fanggang and Wang Wenzhi, they are called "four masters of the Qing Dynasty". More than 90 years old, he is still a man's epitaph on a tablet. He is not tired and old all day long. There are many books handed down from generation to generation, especially in small regular script. His works include the remains of pinluo nunnery and the treatise on pinluo nunnery.

brief introduction

Liang Tongshu (1723-1815) was born in Qiantang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Calligraphers in Qing Dynasty. The word Yuanying is named Shanzhou, buweng and shiweng in the late days, and xinwuchangweng in the 1990s. It is also called "Sanliang" together with Liang Yao and Liang Guozhi in Bozhou (now Qiaocheng District of Bozhou City) and Kuaiji (Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). He is the son of Liang Shizheng. He was born to be outstanding, honest and steady.

Qianlong 12 years (1747) Ju Ren, Qianlong 17 years special grant Jinshi, change Hanlin academy Shuji Shi, scattered library granted editor. Later, he served as the examiners of Shuntian rural examination, the examiners of Huishi, the assistant lecturers of Hanlin academy, and the assistant lecturers of daily life. No return. Liang's family law is praised by people in Hangzhou for its strict family law. Simple life, life does not change, usually do not feast guests, do not receive gifts. Bi Yuan once presented Tongshu inkstone as a gift from Chu, but he refused to accept it. Bi Yuan insisted on giving it to him, so he had to accept it. A few years later, he asked his friend to return the inkstone to bi.

He learned Yan and Liu at the beginning, Su and MI at the end of his life. In his later years, he was pure and natural. The poem is elegant and the text is clear, so it is covered by the title of the book. More than 90 years old, he is still a man's epitaph on a tablet. He is not tired and old all day long. A few days before his death, he wrote an obituary, as vigorous as ever. The new book's inscriptions are all over the world, and are known at that time together with Weng Fanggang, Liu Shian (Liu Yong) and Wang Menglou (Wang Wenzhi). The king of Japan once sent people to ask for books, and Korea, Ryukyu and other places also valued their books.

His works include the remains of pinluo nunnery, the treatise on pinluo nunnery, the supplement and correction of Zhiyu, the explanation of riguan zhaitu, the history of pen, etc. There are many books handed down from generation to generation, especially in small regular script. Su Laoquan Wenjuan was written in 1794, when he was 72 years old. Ink on paper. 4 cm in length and 571 cm in width. It's in the Palace Museum.

Liang Tongshu is erudite and good at distinguishing. The inscriptions and inscriptions written by him are countless and have been famous for 60 years. This running script works, its book does not stick to Su, rice traces, and get its charm, appearance rich bone strength, taste thick God hidden. His smooth composition, sparse line spacing and gentle and natural brushwork are all the results of inheriting the legacy of Zhao Mengfu and Dong Qichang. In this volume, the words are raised and pressed, the explanation is clear, the technique is exquisite and skilled, it seems ordinary, there is no novelty and surprise, but it is not easy to achieve this. Liang Tongshu is free and easy in writing, and harmoniously integrates his skill and temperament in this work. Although this volume is not the best work of Liang Tongshu, it can also reflect the basic situation of his calligraphy level.

Collection of books

He is a famous calligrapher, painter and book collector in Qing Dynasty. The word Yuanying, named Shanzhou, was signed by himself in the evening, and its nickname was xinwuchangweng. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. After tasting the two characters of "Shanzhou" in Yuan guansuanzhai, he thought that he had his own name and his study was called Mr. Shandan by scholars. In 1752, Qianlong was granted a special grant to enter the country, and was the official and Imperial Academy minister. At the age of 40, when he returned home, Ding Mao of Jiaqing held a banquet with the sound of deer, and served as a lecturer. He is erudite and literate. He is good at distinguishing the handwriting of his predecessors and judging the authenticity of it. Poetry is good at writing. Rich collection of books, the collection of song, yuan, Ming Dynasty, a number of good books, Tang painting scroll, Ming landscape, characters are no less than dozens. His works include the remains of pinluo'an, the treatise on pinluo'an, the supplement of Zhiyu, and the postscript of painting and calligraphy of pinluo'an. The names of the collection rooms include "pinluo Temple", "riguanzhai", "Hu bedroom" and "Shanzhou". The book collection is printed with "Liang Tongshu seal", "Shanzhou", "Yuanying", "buweng", "Pingdi Jiaxian", "Lianghu people", "Fanzhong beiren", "master of Pinying nunnery", "master of pinluo nunnery", etc.

Achievement impact

His calligraphy also started from Dong and Zhao, and is well-known in Tang and Song dynasties. He advocated not sticking to the established laws of the predecessors, and emphasized that his mind should come out of his creation. In the book of pinluo an Lun Shu, he said this: the calligraphy teaches people to read, not to copy. Today's people just carve boats and seek swords, and copy ancient books one by one. Just like children's copy, it looks like me. Liang Shu is good at cursive writing. It has a strict and stable ending. It is smooth, peaceful, natural and easy to use. That kind of gentle and elegant atmosphere of books often comes to my face. Because of his father's high position, Liang Tongshu's calligraphy has been famous in the world since he was young. He has been under the title for 60 years, which is directly related to his longevity. He, Liu Yong, Wang Wenzhi and Weng Fanggang were called four great masters by Shi Lun. And the reputation spread to Ryukyu, Korea and Japan.

Chronology of people

In 1723, Liang Tongshu was born in the first year of Yongzheng (1723).

In 1752, in the 17th year of Qianlong's reign (1752), he was granted the title of Jinshi and served as an official in the imperial examination. In the same year, Liang Qixin passed away. During the mourning period, he did not go to the official post and lived at home.

In 1790, he went to Beijing to celebrate Hongli's 80th birthday in 1790. In 1807, he became an official again and became a Bachelor of Science in Hanlin Academy. Soon after he took office, he resigned and returned home until his death.

He died in 1815 at the age of 93.

Character

Liang Tongshu was indifferent to fame and wealth in his life, and his temperament was honest, which was not in conformity with the common customs. After his parents died, he stopped being an official on the pretext of foot disease. In the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), Empress Dowager xiaoshengxian celebrated her 80th birthday in Beijing. When the ministers met the emperor, Emperor Qianlong saw him and said, "are you here?" Liang Tongshu replied: "I wish the Virgin Mary will return to her home after her long life." At that time, Mr. Chen Jushan, the imperial servant, was standing with him. He felt very strange. When he went back, he asked him, "how can I go back if it's going to be used?" He said: "it's really a foot disease. How dare you cheat me?" In 1790, when the emperor was 80 years old, Liang Tongshu celebrated his birthday in the capital of Shanxi. Some people advised him to pay homage to the head of the capital and get a high position. He ignored it and left the capital the next day. He wrote two poems to express his ambition.

firstly

Thirty years later, the willows have been withered and withered.

The bitter bamboo shoots are hard, the good ones are willing, and the gourd has been imitated.

No words, no articles, no words.

Things do not lose, heaven and earth is big, always gradually negative is stubborn.

second

Looking north, junmen returns for the first time. It is cultivated by the third generation lotus.

A minister's heart is not like a grass, but God's will is to pity a bloated man.

The flocs are too muddy to fly, the beans and ashes are too cold to crack.

He is willing to be a bird with a ring in his life, and then he will come to the height of the Gu ridge.

Liang's family law is praised by people in Hangzhou for its strict family law.

Liang Tongshu's daily life is hard and plain. Qian Yong said in "Lu Yuan Cong Hua" that he was "like a child of his old family, but he followed the rules and kept warm all his life." He didn't like money, and he didn't like to attend banquets. On his 70th birthday, he put the weapon in front of the door to thank the guests. His wife Wang was one year older than him and died two years earlier. After his old companion died, he made an elegiac couplet: a hundred years of time, how can Tian Hu be? 90 years of Qimei couple, how can I be alone! It was written with sincere feelings, which shows how much love there is between the couple on weekdays. Liang Tongshu died on July 15, 1815 at the age of 93. It's rare for both husband and wife to live such a long life. A few days before his death, he personally wrote the obituary, ordered his children not to be mourned, and did not engrave their deeds. The heart of berthing is from beginning to end.

Representative works

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Liang Tongshu believed in Buddhism and used regular script to copy Buddhist scriptures. Papaya is called "pinluo" in Buddhism. Because there is a plant in his courtyard, it is called the master of pinluo nunnery. In the winter of the 16th year of Jiaqing (1811), he was so ill that he almost died. After he recovered, he called himself new wuchangweng.

Although reading Liang Tongshu's calligraphy can not bring us more help in learning calligraphy, his honest and vulgar character, his values of not admiring fame and wealth, and his simple lifestyle will still give us great inspiration. How different these things are from those of the so-called calligraphers.

Chinese PinYin : Liang Tong Shu