Lin Hongnian

Lin Hongnian

Lin Hongnian (1804-1886), a Marquis of Wucun (now Fuzhou), was the first scholar in Fujian Province during the Qing Dynasty. Lin Hongnian was strict with himself and lenient to others. In the 18th year of Daoguang's reign, he was canonized as the Prime Minister of Ryukyu and sent to Ryukyu. Later, he successively served as the prefect of Qiongzhou Prefecture in Guangdong, the prefect of Lin'an Prefecture in Yunnan and the governor of Yunnan. In the fifth year of Tongzhi, he was dismissed for "staying in fear of pirates" and other charges. After returning to Fuzhou, he served as the head of Zhengyi Academy (now the predecessor of Fuzhou No.1 Middle School). With Lin Hongnian's meticulous teaching for more than ten years, Zhengyi academy has cultivated more than 100 talents, including Chen Baochen, Lin Shu, Chen Yan and Wu Zengqi.

Lin Hongnian is a very famous disciple of huaixuan. According to the biography of the scholars in the history of Qing Dynasty, Lin Hongnian, the Marquis of Fujian Province, was the political envoy of Yunnan Province in xianfengzhong. He went to Shu to read yuan's books. He was surprised to ask. When Yuan died, he bought all his books because he was a member of the cabinet of Yuan's disciples. After he was dismissed from office, he passed on his study by changing his style of study. Fujian people called him "chuanxifuzi".

Life experience

The first champion of Qing Dynasty in Fujian Province

Lin Hongnian was born in the ninth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. He was diligent and eager to learn from others. When he was 25 years old, he won the imperial examination. In the ninth year of Daoguang, he went to Beijing to take part in the examination. Unfortunately, he failed and came back. However, this failure did not dampen Lin Hongnian's enterprising spirit. On his way home, he wrote a poem to encourage himself: "the number one scholar will go away, and I will also brush the iron inkstone." After returning home, Lin Hongnian worked harder and went to Beijing again in the 16th year of Daoguang. This time, Lin Hongnian won the champion of bingshen Enke and was appointed to the Hanlin Academy. At the age of 32, he became the first champion in Fujian Province during the Qing Dynasty.

Stay in Ryukyu

In the 18th year of Daoguang reign, Shang Hao, king of Ryukyu, died. He wanted to hold a grand ceremony to canonize his son, Shang Yu, and ascend to the throne. He reported to the imperial court that he hoped to send an envoy to attend the ceremony. Lin Hongnian was the best person to go to Ryukyu because of his outstanding knowledge, tact and self-discipline. So Lin Hongnian was canonized by the Qing government as the Prime Minister of Ryukyu. He sailed to Ryukyu from the mouth of Minjiang River via Fujian. After Lin Hongnian arrived in Ryukyu, he first presented sacrifices to the late king Shang Hao of Ryukyu on behalf of the Qing government, and then held a canonization ceremony, read out the imperial edict, canonized the son Shang Yu as king, and granted the plaque of "Bi Fu Hai Yu" in the imperial book. What is rare is that during the 160 days before and after the ceremony, Lin Hongnian was honest and self-conscious, refused to accept the gift from the king of Ryukyu, and prohibited his entourage from carrying goods to force sales. When he knew that the Ryukyu people were living in hardship, he also gave 2.4 million Guan of money saved from the cost of sending envoys to the king of Ryukyu for relief, winning the support of the whole Ryukyu nation I really appreciate it.

Propose to pay together to cause trouble

After returning to China, Lin Hongnian gained great trust from the Qing government. Lin Hongnian was successively promoted to the posts of deputy examiner of Shandong provincial examination, assistant editor of National History Museum, school manager of wenyuange, editor of general plan Museum, magistrate of Qiongzhou (today's Hainan Province), nurse Lei Qiongdao, magistrate of Lin'an Prefecture, governor of Yunnan, governor of Yunnan, governor of Yunnan, etc. Although Lin Hongnian has been working hard all the way up, it's a pity that Lin Hongnian is only a scholar, not a politician. during Lin Hongnian's tenure as governor of Yunnan, Shi Dakai section of Taiping Army entered Yunnan from Xuzhou, Sichuan Province, which was unstoppable, and the anti Qing struggle in Yunnan became increasingly fierce. When Lin Hongnian took office, he encountered a difficult problem: in the south, Du Wenxiu's troops occupied Yongbei hall and threatened Kunming; in the north, "local and Miao bandits gathered together" and occupied the main roads of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan; in the East, Qu Kui was the only one; in the West, Yang Zhenzhang and others attacked Lin'an. Empress Dowager Cixi secretly instructed Lin Hongnian, governor Luo Bingzhang of Sichuan Province and governor Chongshi of Yunnan and Guizhou Province to develop defense strategies. Lin Hongnian strongly advocated "suppression" and explained that Yunnan's military pay was poor, and he demanded that it should be paid together with the provinces. This time, he poured water into the oil pan and asked the other provinces to raise money to wipe out the Taiping army. What he did was Lin Hongnian's contribution. He could not get any benefit from the money. Naturally, other people would not do it. Luo Bingzhang, governor of Sichuan Province, said yes on the surface, but he shirked responsibility in many ways. It took him almost a year to get rid of the problem by barely allocating 20000 Liang. Moreover, the rates, Li Jin, and persuading donations from the provinces of Huguang have not arrived for a long time. Lin Hongnian was urged by the Qing government to fight against the Taiping army. Lin Hongnian "broke through dozens of" bandit camps "on erhaipo, Mohei and Hongyan, successively conquered the two cities of Pu'er Prefecture and simaotang hall", and supervised the army to Xuzhou, Sichuan Province, preparing to attack Zhaotong and open up the main roads of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. At the same time, the imperial edict from the Qing government allowed Lin Hongnian to invest in copper mines in Yunnan, which finally provided a secure location for grain and rates. However, just as he was glad that the situation had improved, he was impeached by Luo Bingzhang, governor of Sichuan Province, and Chongshi, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Province. Lin Hongnian was charged with two counts: "appeasing Li Kaijia, a" Yunnan bandit ", so that he could enter Sichuan and plunder; conniving Li Yitai, his subordinate, to make trouble on the way by taking advantage of the opportunity of recruiting courage back to Hunan." In the first month of the fifth year of Tongzhi, Lin Hong was dismissed and investigated for invalid defense at the end of the year for the charges of "staying in fear of bandits" and persuading people to "surrender by borrowing words, intending to enter Sichuan". When Lin Hongnian returned to his hometown, Zuo Zongtang, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, set up Zhengyi Academy in Fuzhou (the predecessor of Fuzhou No.1 Middle School). He hired Lin Hongnian as the head of the mountain. For the next 19 years, Lin Hongnian devoted himself to the local education. Zhengyi academy is the highest institution in the province for scholars and Gongsheng to study the production of art poetry and Fu. "Lin Hongnian's scholars put the instrumental knowledge first, especially the basic knowledge.". Under his careful guidance, Zhengyi academy has produced more than 100 outstanding talents, such as Chen Baochen, Lin Shu, Chen Yan and Wu Zengqi. In the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Ding Richang, governor of Fujian Province, gave a performance of Lin Hongnian's "instructing the middle of Fujian Province and writing fruitful works" and issued an imperial edict to the Ministry of communications. In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Ministry of officials played back with the title of "profound classics and noble conduct", and asked for a special reward for the title of three grade minister. In December of the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Lin Hongnian died of illness at home.

Future generations

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His name is Xi Cun. He and his father are collecting books and gathering more books. There are many books in the collection. The book collection is printed with the words "once in linbucun". His grandson Lin Shishuang (Lin Wen) was one of the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Chinese PinYin : Lin Hong Nian