Lin Zhang

Lin Zhang

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Lin Zhang (1551-1599) was a calligrapher and writer in Ming Dynasty. Its original name is Chunyuan, and its character is xuyin. Later, it was changed to its current name. Its character is Chuwen, and its name is Yinbo. Fuqing (now Fujian) people. At the beginning of Wanli, he was promoted to the township, and was removed from the name because of sitting. He visited Qi Jiguang and talked about military affairs, which was appreciated by Qi Jiguang. Later, he lived in Jinling. When he stayed in Yanjing for more than 10 years, he wrote a letter to stop mining tax and described the strategy of establishing soldiers and promoting salt. He was envied by eunuchs and was sent to prison. He died in prison. When I lived in Jinling, I had a very rich collection of books. On the shelf, I had many old collections of Xie Ao, Zheng Sixiao and others. According to the research on Fujian book collectors, he has two volumes of shugutang bibliography, which is not available today. He is good at poetry and opera writing. He is the author of two kinds of Legends: Selected Poems, Qingqiu Ji and Guandeng Ji. The complete works of Lin Chuwen's poems and essays, 15 volumes, is now in Beijing Library.

Biography of Lin Zhang

Lin Zhang has been intelligent since he was a child. He can become a poem at the age of 7. In 1563, the Japanese invaders invaded the coastal areas of Fujian Province. Lin Zhang, 13 years old, wrote to the government to resist the Japanese invaders. In the first year of Wanli (1573), Lin Zhang won the provincial examination, and then failed repeatedly. Later, he defected to the Qi army and served as a military staff officer. A banquet, he improvised "luanyang banquet other preface.". Before the three rounds of wine, the preface of the poem was combined, which won the praise of Qi Jiguang and the guests present. When Qi Jiguang learned of Lin Zhang's literary talent, he paid homage to Lin Zhang. Lin Zhang immediately gave it to the poor people. Later, Lin Zhang became Qi Jiguang's staff. Soon, Lin Zhang's family moved to Jinling (now Nanjing). At that time, Liu, a lawmaker in Nanjing, was corrupt and perverted the law. Lin Zhang was filled with righteous indignation and fought for the common people. He was persecuted and sentenced to three years' imprisonment because of his weak power. After his release, he entered Yanjing for 10 years. The Ming government and Japan did not get along with each other, and the war of Baiguan took place. After hearing the news, Lin Zhang wrote two letters to refute the proposal and asked the Ming government to go out to sea to wipe out the Japanese pirates, but the Ming government ignored it.

After that, Lin Zhang wrote to the emperor to stop the mining tax, and stated the military system and salt policy. After seeing the memorial, Emperor Wanli was very moved and handed it to the cabinet. Shen Guanyi, a powerful official, ignored Emperor Wanli's edict and sentenced Lin Zhang to prison. Lin Zhang wrote two Legendary Novels "Qingqiu Ji" and "Guandeng Ji" in a mixture of anxiety and indignation. Later, he died of a sudden illness in prison. Lin Zhang's spirit of worrying about the country and the people is deeply loved by the people. Soon after, Japanese pirates invaded and miners rioted. Unfortunately, Lin Zhang's words were all right. Dong Qichang compiled Lin Zhang's memorials into the history of Qing Dynasty in order to be immortal. Lin gudu (1580-1666) recorded in the biography of Mr. Chuwen that " The imperial censor, Yongqing, neglected his grievances, and Zongbo, Dong Qichang, neglected the history of the country. Therefore, Shen Gong Shaofang, the Chief Secretary of the constitution, is famous for his praise of history. Ma Zou Gong Weilian, the shaosi, has the law of hanging. Zhong Gongxing, the inspector of the Academy, has a poem of worshiping the tomb. The number one scholar, Zaifu Wengong Zhenmeng, the Minister of rites in Nanjing, Li Gong Weizhen, the Minister of rites in Nanjing, and Cai Gong Yinglin, the Shaoqing of Taichang temple And so on each has the poetry, detailed records other simple. I feel pity for his talent and his poverty. " It can be seen that Lin Zhang enjoys a high reputation.

Social evaluation

Lin Zhang is not only famous for his patriotic advice, but also good at poetry. His poems are majestic, bright, direct and self-contained. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to see Lin Zhang's poems now. Lin Zhang has 15 volumes and 7 volumes of the collection of poems and essays. There will be an engraved edition published during the reign of Qi Ming, and now there are collections in Beijing Library. Lin Zhang's wife and nephew Wang also wrote poems. His eldest son, Lin Mao, is quite famous for his literary works. His second son, Lin gudu, is a "adherent poet" with high moral character and literary quality. At the same time, he is also a famous engraver.

works

In the Ming Dynasty, a group of opera writers and critics emerged in Fujian, among which Lin Zhang was one. Lin Zhang is not only good at poetry and prose, but also good at opera creation. Qingqiu Ji and Shuangdeng Ji are his representative works. Qingqiu Ji and Shuangdeng Ji are as famous as Lin Shiji's Hejian Ji, Chen Jiefu's Yimeng Ji, Chen Shi's xumudan Pavilion, Wang Yingshan's Yuhu Ji, Su Meishan's Yuxian Ji, Su YuanJu's Mengmeng Ji, Yu Huai's Fengfa Ji, Huang RI's Yuhua Ji and Huang Zhongzheng's Shuangyan Ji Time.

Works in prison

Qingqiu Ji takes Xiaoqing as the protagonist in the legend of the White Snake, which highlights Xiaoqing's spirit of fearing no violence, reposes Lin Zhang's dissatisfaction with the authoritarian power and political corruption in the late Ming Dynasty, and expresses his mind of indignation. Cao Xuequan, a famous litterateur in the late Ming Dynasty, had a deep friendship with Lin Zhang's father and son. He once organized actors to set up a "Confucian class" in Hongtang Township, the western suburb of Fuzhou, and staged "Qingqiu Ji", which had a wide influence. During the Wanli period, Xu huobo, a famous book collector in Fuzhou, included Qingqiu Ji and Shuangdeng Ji in the "legend" of Hongyu Lou bibliography. Because these two legends were written by Lin Zhang in prison, they were mostly aimed at social problems, so they were strictly forbidden by feudal rulers. In addition, Lin Zhang's family situation was difficult, so he was unable to publish for a while. After his death, Lin Zhang was not published by his son until the sixth year of Tianqi in the late Ming Dynasty (1626). It is a pity that these two works have long been lost in China. Fortunately, it was found in Japan and is now collected in the Japanese cabinet library. Mr. Zhong Yicheng, a Japanese scholar, specially wrote the works of Ming Dynasty playwright Lin Zhang and his operas Guandeng Ji and Qingqiu Ji, which enable Chinese readers to understand the content, plot and original appearance.

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