Lin Jingxi

Lin Jingxi

Lin Jingxi (1242-1310), the word Deyang, a work of Deyang, Jishan. Wenzhou Pingyang (now Zhejiang) people. Patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1271, Lin Jingxi became a Jinshi after he was born in Shangshe. He was an instructor in Quanzhou. After the death of Song Dynasty, he was not an official and lived in seclusion in baishixiang, Pingyang County. In the 22nd year of emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty (1285), when Yang lianzhenjia, a Tibetan monk of Yuan Dynasty, excavated the tomb of Song Emperor in Shaoxing, Lin Jingxi was excited by his patriotism and indignation. He asked the villagers to clean up the bones of the empress and bury them near Lanting. He transplanted holly trees from the Mausoleum as a symbol and wrote Holly flowers and four poems in a dream to express his loyalty and indignation. He is a professor and apprentice, engaged in writing, roaming Jiangsu and Zhejiang, famous, scholars called "Mr. Jishan.". He was buried in his hometown Qingzhi mountain.

Lin Jingxi, as a patriotic poet who had been in the poetic world for decades during the song and Yuan Dynasties, was a representative of the adherent poets of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was also known as the best poet with Xie Ao, and was also the most accomplished poet in Wenzhou's 2000 year history. The style of his poems is quiet and graceful, melancholy and desolate without losing its boldness. His creative achievements and artistic attainments have always been highly valued. He wrote six volumes of poem baishiqiaochang and ten volumes of essay Baishigao. Later generations compiled it as jishanji, which was called "Lisao by Quzi" and poetry history of duling by historians.

Life experience

He became an official in his early years

In 1242, Lin Jingxi was born in Pingyang (now Zhejiang Province). In the history of Chinese literature edited by you Guoen and the history of ancient Chinese literature edited by Ma Jigao, Lin Jingxi was born in 1241. As for the name of Lin Jingxi, Zhang Zucheng's title "Bai Shiqiao's singing" says: "Mr. Zhang conceals Jingxi, and his name is Deyang (min), and his surname is Lin LU Hong's preface to the collected works of Mr. Jishan said: "taboo Jingxi, the word Deyang, No. Jishan.". The Republic of China "Pingyang County annals · biography of Lin Jingxi" says: "Lin Jingxi, the word Deyang, No. Jishan." "Siku Quanshu Zongmu abstract" said: "Jingxi a Jingxi, word Deyang." Fang FengChen's preface to Jiaofeng collection and linjishan poetry collection: Deyang as Deyang; Xu Qin's Jinhua travel notes: Deyang as well; Qianlong's Pingyang County annals: Min as well. According to Lin Jingxi's Ji Shan Ji song Cun Di Xu: "the Lin family lived in the depression of Pingyang from Fujian to the 12th generation Give Orly the second snow. Songcun is Bo Zhongxing. " According to Wu Chengzhi's research, AOZHONG is lin'ao (now Cangnan) in Qinren township. The ancestors migrated several times. In the fourth year of Baoyou reign of emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty (1256), Lin Jingxi settled with his father in Dalin residence (now Lin Siyuan), Siyuan, Tengjiao, Pingyang. Lin Jingxi was intelligent and good at reading. At the age of 20, he had the name of a poem. In 1262, Lin Jingxi was recommended to the capital Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) to study in Taixue. Lin Jingxi lived in the seventh year of emperor duzong's Xianchun reign (1271) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in Shangshe (equivalent to Jinshiji). After he became an official, he began to be a professor in Quanzhou, Fujian Province (Xie Ao's poems were called "Fu Jiao"), moved to the Li Department (the official who was in charge of storing account books and documents), and transferred to be a political officer (the official of literary rank was from eight grades).

Abandon the official and return to Li

In March of 1275, the first year of emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1275), the yuan army, led by Boyan, entered Jiankang, and the Lin'an regime was in a state of collapse. Lin Jingxi saw that there was nothing he could do about the affairs of the state, so he soon abandoned his official position and returned to Li, where he lived in seclusion in Baishi lane of Pingyang County. In 1277, Lin Jingxi came to Yuezhong at the invitation of Wang yingsun of Kuaiji. In Vietnam and China, Lin Jingxi met Xie Ao, Tang Jue, Hu Qiao and other people with strong national consciousness. In February 1279, Yashan (now known as Yashan) was defeated. The news came that Lu Xiufu carried the little emperor to the sea. Lin Jingxi and Chen zeweng held a secret mourning ceremony.

Patriotic deeds

In the 22nd year of the reign of emperor Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (1285), in order to steal the gold and jade treasures from the imperial mausoleum, the president of Jiangnan Buddhism, Zhamu Yang lalezhi (Yang lianzhenjia), excavated all the mausoleums of emperors and concubines under Huiqin in Kuaiji, and abandoned the remains in the grass. It was a terrible situation, but no one dared to clean them up. At this time, Lin Jingzhao was in Kuaiji. Out of national indignation, he and Zheng puweng disguised themselves as medicine collectors and risked their lives to go up the mountain to collect bones. Jing Xi received two letters from the remnant bones, asked for Buddhist scriptures, buried them in Lanting mountain, transplanted holly trees in front of the hall of the song and Chang dynasties as a symbol, and wrote the poem "Holly flower:" when I moved to this kind of non human world, I knew the beginning and end of the moon for thousands of years. The soul of Shu flies around the officials of hundreds of birds, and in the middle of the night there is a crack of bamboo. " He also wrote four poems in a dream, recording the process of burying bones in a pathetic tone, expressing his grief and indignation. He hopes that those who can read his poems in the future will know that the national integrity still exists and has not completely disappeared with the fall of the country. On the ninth day of December in the 27th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1290), Wen Tianxiang died on the eighth anniversary of his death. Xie Ao, a good friend of Wen Tianxiang, went to the Shanxi platform of Fuchun to mourn, wrote the lament of Xitai, and sent a poem to Lin Jingxi. Lin Jingxi wrote "reward Gaofu for seeing me", and he said at the beginning: "if you go to the mountain to pick Zhiwei, the Jackal and tiger will follow my mound; if you go to the sea to find Penglai, the whale and salamander will lift my boat. If the mountains and the sea are in the way, it will be difficult to be alone. " It means: if the ancients did not succeed, they lived in seclusion in the mountains or in the rivers and seas. Now that their country is dead, where can they find a pure land? Because of the lament: "walk on the ancient stage, look up to the sky and cry. Who knows the meaning of Yu Ai's scattering trees? " In the early years of emperor Chengzong of Yuan Dynasty, Lin Jingxi visited Hangzhou, Huating, Suzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Yanling and other places successively. He wrote many travel poems expressing patriotic feelings. He got along with friends with similar ideals and encouraged each other with poems. He once again passed the imperial palace of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the scenery was totally different. He sent out "Wang Qi sold to the south, and monks gathered in the north.". Smoke deep congbi tree, grass no Jingyang clock "exclamation. When he passed Geling, he still asked Jia Sidao, a power traitor who had been killed, "what's wrong with our country?" Lin Jingxi once said that he would no longer hear about the world after he returned to seclusion. However, when he heard that Xie Fangde did not cooperate with the Yuan Dynasty and died of hunger strike, he admired him very much and praised him with a poem: "who will continue to move the history, it shows that he is Jie Yixiong." When he heard that Jia xuanweng had been released, he wrote a poem: "his clothes are thousands of miles old, and his reputation is thousands of years old." Compare him to Su Wu to show infinite admiration. At the same time, he took advantage of Qin Ji and sun Gong to denounce those shameless traitors.

Professor apprentice

In the third year of Dade (1299) of yuan Chengzong, Lin Jingxi lived in Pingyang most of the time after he was 58 years old. He was a professor and an apprentice, and lived a poor life. In 1300, Lin Jingxi wrote Pingyang County governance record for Wang Bingren, a magistrate, to make people know the history of Pingyang County. In 1301, Lin Jingxi wrote the story of Gong Pu Tang, and gave advice to Sun Yun, the governor of the state, in the hope that he could do something good for the common people. In the 10th year of Dade reign of emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1306), the state ruled that Pi yuan was to build Yin jundoumen, and Lin Jingxi gladly wrote about it. In the 11th year of Dade (1307) of yuanchengzong, pingyangzhouzhi was completed, and Lin Jingxi made the preface. In 1308, when Lin Jingxi was 67 years old, he suddenly went north to Hangzhou. After traveling between Wu and Yue for a long time, I miss my hometown and gradually feel that I am exhausted. He fell ill in Hangzhou and felt that he should not stay in other places for a long time. He said goodbye to his friends in tears and returned to his hometown of Pingyang.

Die in bitterness

Lin Jingxi died in the third year of yuanwuzong's reign (1310) at the age of 69. In his later years, he collected his poems and essays and compiled them into six volumes of poetry anthology "Bai Shi Qiao's singing" and ten volumes of literature anthology "Bai Shi Gao". In 1334, twenty-four years after the death of Lin Jingxi, the annotated edition of Bai Shi Qiao's singing by Zhang Zucheng in Tongli came out.

Main achievements

literature

Lin Jingxi regarded poetry as his lifelong career, and he had his own view of literature and art. His views on poetry are reflected in the following aspects: first, keeping abreast of the times; second, basic temperament; third, attaching importance to the writer's moral cultivation; fourth, pursuing a clear, graceful and strong artistic style, requiring the works to be vigorous and harmonious, with both brilliance and vitality. Lin Jingxi is quite different from his predecessors in poetry creation. In the face of the situation of broken mountains and rivers and people's livelihood in the period of revolution, he did not take pride in the mountains and forests, but always concerned about the social reality and people's livelihood. In the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, when the national struggle was fierce, the class contradictions deepened and the people suffered a lot, Lin Jingxi, as a patriot and writer who deeply felt the pain of national subjugation, his works were pathetic and full of homeland feelings, showing a deep and strong patriotic spirit. In his poems, he enthusiastically praised Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Jia xuanweng, Xie Fangde and other people's lofty national spirit. For example, nine of ten zayong poems for Wang Zhenqing describes Wen Tianxiang's unyielding in the face of punishment; Wen Jiaze Tang's great ginseng returning from the North presents a commendation for Jia xuanweng's being sent as an envoy without humiliation; ten of ten zayong poems praises Xie Fang's being detained in the North until Yan died of hunger strike. On the other hand, it casts scornful satire on those national scum who betray their country and seek honor and join the enemy in the national crisis. For example, sun gongfeng and Qin Jilao denounced them for being inferior to animals. The pen was full of righteous indignation, showing a clear attitude of love and hate. An important part of patriotism is that it is full of deep attachment to the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland, a strong sense of responsibility for the rise and fall of the nation and a deep concern for the fate of the people. The style of Lin Jingxi's poems is subtle, gloomy and desolate. Most of his poems are expressed by natural association, metaphor, concise language and tactful expression

Chinese PinYin : Lin Jing Xi