Yang Weizhen

Yang Weizhen

Yang Weizhen (1296 - 1370), Lian Fu, iron cliff, iron flute Taoist, and the number of iron core Taoist, iron crowned Taoist, iron dragon Taoist, plum blossom Taoist, etc., old fellow call himself old iron, hold old man, East Wei son. Shaoxing Road Zhuji Fengqiao quantang (now quantang village, Fengqiao town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province) people. Poets, writers, calligraphers and painters in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.

Yang Weizhen has been intelligent since his childhood, and his father Yang Hong has high hopes for him. In 1327, Jinshi released Yin of Tiantai county. Because of punishing the evil county officials, he was reprimanded and removed by the traitors. Later, he worked in Qianqing salt factory. He was denounced as disobedient for asking to reduce the salt tax, so that he did not adjust it for ten years. Later, he was promoted to Jiangxi Confucianism. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in Fuchun mountain and moved to Qiantang (now Hangzhou). When Zhang Shicheng lived in the west of Zhejiang Province, he repeatedly refused to go and moved back to Songjiang. From then on, he traveled in the mountains and waters and entertained himself with voice and color. Talented people from the southeast came to the door for advice.

The most distinctive feature of Yang Weizhen's poems is his ancient Yuefu Poems, which are graceful, moving and natural

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Siderite

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It was highly praised by scholars of all dynasties. Some people call him "a generation of poets" and "a master of new poetry", while others call him "a master of Jiangnan poetry in the late Yuan Dynasty". He has written about the spring and Autumn period, Shiyi Shiyi Shiyi, dongweizi Wenji, Tieya ancient Yuefu, Lize Yiyin and retro poetry.

Calligraphy is most skillful in cursive style. It has the tendency of "the general's team, the three armed forces, the broken axe, the lack of Cuju, and the return of the case". The handed down works include regular script "Zhou Shangqing's epitaph", running script "Zhang's list of tongpoqian", "zhenjing'an's collection margin", "jiziwo inscription", "Chengnan's singing poems", "Yuanxi's drinking poems with women", cursive script "Mengyou Haitang City poems" and "Zhuxi Caotang records"《 Zhilizhai's letters, wanjietang's poems, preface to Shensheng's Yuefu and so on, and the rest of the ink are mostly seen in the letters and calligraphy and painting inscriptions and postscripts.

Summary of characters

Life

The Yang family originally lived in Fengqiao (now Shaoxing Zhuji). Yang Wenxiu, the great ancestor of Yang Weizhen, was a famous doctor in Song Dynasty. He was also known as Yang Fozi. He wrote "Yiyan" and "geographical drawing". Later, Yang's family lived in the whole hall. In the southeast of the hall, there is Tonggang mountain, in the southwest there is Coilia carp tip, and in the village there is a famous spring pond. The village is named after the pond, which is homonymous with the whole hall. Beside the pond lies Tieya mountain, "named for the iron color of the rock", which is commonly known as xiaoshantou today.

Li's mother, "in the middle of a dream, money fell in my heart and Wei Zhen was born.". Three brothers, Wei Zhen in the middle. Wei Zhen was born in the second year of Yuanzhen (1296). His father Yang Hong built a building at the foot of Tieyan mountain, planted a hundred plum trees in the red building, collected ten thousand volumes of books upstairs, and removed the ladder. He and his brother Yang Weihan (1294-1351, Zi Gu, Fang Tang, painter at the end of the Yuan Dynasty) devoted themselves to studying. They fed with rolling dishes every day and studied hard for five years I'm the man of the iron flute. Yang Weizhen, who was a child, was able to "write a thousand words in his diary" and read books. In order to increase his knowledge, he traveled to Yongdong when he was young.

In the fourth year of TAIDING (1327), Jin Shi was appointed as Yin of Tiantai county. Because of punishing evil county officials according to law, he was reprimanded by traitors. After taking the post of commander of Qianqing salt factory, he refused to accept the request to reduce the salt tax and decided to go to India. Only then was he allowed to reduce the salt tax by 3000. However, because of his disobedience, he was not promoted for ten years. In Yuan Dynasty, Liao, Jin and song histories were compiled. He wrote a thousand words of "orthodox debate", and Ouyang Xuan, the chief editor, praised: "in a hundred years, this is where the public opinion will be.". Later transferred to Jiangxi Confucianism, because traffic was blocked, did not go. It's worth fighting in the west of Zhejiang. Zhang Shicheng, who was based in Western Zhejiang Province, repeatedly refused to go there. He said in the play, "the beacon rises everywhere in the south of the Yangtze River, and the wine comes every year on the sea. When can I open my arms with such a beacon and wine? " Later, Zhang Shicheng asked his younger brother Zhang Shide to come to the door for advice. Yang Weizhen, standing in the position of the Yuan government, wrote a letter to Zang no Zhang Shicheng. In the letter, Zhang Shicheng was reproached for "letting go of the private sector and not making the system, and the cashier and the state were not defeated", and he was scolded for choosing officials of his own choice and not paying the grain. In addition, it points out that Zhang's four advantages are "soldiers don't like to kill, they worship when they hear good words, they are thrifty in self-esteem, they are rich in officials' salary and they will be punished when they cheat and are greedy", and his four disadvantages are "right and wrong are one fallacy, black and white are turbulent", generals, orders and relatives "plan less for you, but plan more for yourself", "they don't worry about xiao'an", "they are afraid of committing six crimes, and they are defiant of many ends". He predicted that "there will be no internal change, there will be external disasters.".

Yang Weizhen later moved to Songjiang (now in Shanghai) to build a garden. On the door was a list of words: "if a guest doesn't come downstairs, he will be forgiven for being lazy; if a guest doesn't answer, he will be forgiven for being sick; if a guest asks something wrong, he will be forgiven for being silent; if he has no way to avoid speaking, he will be forgiven for being pedantic; if he doesn't stop drinking, he will be forgiven for being crazy." When he was in Songjiang, he had deep contacts with Zhang Yan, Yang Qian, Langxia, Lu Juren, Lvxiang, LV Liangzuo, etc. he sang in harmony and enjoyed poetry and prose. Lu Liangzuo advocated the establishment of "Ying Kui Wen Hui". He was the main commentator, and exchanged poems and essays with scholars from all over the world. At that time, scholars from all over the world were attracted to the meeting, and those who came to the meeting were invincible. He also traveled around the mountains and rivers, wearing Huayang scarf and feather clothes. He sat on the boat and played flute, or called his servant to sing. After drinking, he danced and thought he was a fairy.

In Tieya mountain, where his father built his house, hundreds of plum blossoms were planted around the library, and tens of thousands of books were gathered,. After climbing the library, remove the ladder and study for 5 years. After being in politics, he collected books. Such as the collection of "Taiping Gangmu" 20 strategies, "Dongting Zayin" 50 volumes, "Qiongtai Qu", "Shijian of past dynasties" 200 volumes and other poetry collection. The book collection is printed with "Lian Fu" and "Yang Lian Fu". The value of war, wandering between the mountains and rivers in Western Zhejiang, late home Songjiang. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang called him to write a poem called "Ballad of old guest's wife" to refuse. In the early Ming Dynasty, Li he was called "Wen Yao". The calligraphy style of Gongxing and caoshu is different from that of the people at that time. There are many books handed down from generation to generation, such as the volume of singing poems in the south of the city, the volume of collecting poems in zhenjing'an, the volume of Zhang's tongboqian, the volume of singing poems in Youxian, etc.

Zhan Tong, an imperial scholar of the Ming Taizu school, was invited to compile the ritual and music books. He politely refused to go and said, "no old woman will be dead and marry again.". In order to avoid the government, he went back to his hometown. When the soldiers came, Yang Weizhen called Ziyang palace the official of Chai Tang. Because he could not read, he let him go. In the third year of Hongwu's reign, he was forced to go to Beijing by Si dun. He wrote a song called "old guest's wife's ballad" and would not return to office again. When he arrived in Nanjing, he saw Zhu Yuanzhang and said, "Your Majesty, if you don't do what I can, you can do it. Otherwise, you will die by crossing the sea." I will stay in Beijing for ten days, and I will beg to return home as soon as the book I have written is settled. Zhu Yuanzhang was too famous to be too reluctant. Before his departure, Song Lian presented a poem to Zhu Yuanzhang, saying, "he will not be subject to the emperor's five color edict, and the white clothes will be announced until the white clothes are returned." In his home, Yi Tuo wrote GUI Quan Tang Ji and died. He once wrote a poem: "yesterday, I followed my mother to travel, and the people in jinpao were in ziyunlou. It's said that the jade flute is made in Russia, and the golden peach comes from it According to historical records, Yang Weizhen was buried in the dry mountain of Songjiang. Together with his good friends Qian Weishan and Lu Juren, he was called the tomb of three high officials. Ganshan is located in the northwest of Songjiang County, Shandong Province. It is said that Ganjiang generals once forged swords here, so it is named. According to the legend of today's quantang village, Yang Weizhen should be buried in Tonggang mountain, but there is no history to trace. After his death, Song Lian wrote for him the epitaph of Yang Jun raised by Confucianism in Jiangxi and other places.

anecdote

At the age of 20, Yang Weizhen went to Yongdong to study as a teacher. His father did not hesitate to sell his good horse to pay for his study tour. Yang Weizhen, on the other hand, lived frugally and spent more money on books. When he came back from his studies, his father saw Yang Weizhen bring back a stack of books such as Huang's Japanese notes, and said happily, "this is more rare than a good horse!"

In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Gu Dehui in Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, initiated and presided over the "Yushan collection". The spiritual leader was Yang Weizhen. Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were more than 50 major and minor collections, with hundreds of scholars participating in them, and more than 3300 poems and essays were collected. It is really a treasure forever. In the tenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Pu Yunzhong, the descendant of Pu Feng in Tongxiang, Zhejiang, initiated the "gathering of GUI culture" with Yang Weizhen as the chief judge Yang Weizhen wrote the preface to the collection of jugui essays, which became a widely influential literary event in the late Yuan Dynasty.

Temperament

Yang Weizhen was generous and friendly. He was no doubt a good friend. For the poor and virtuous people, courtesy is like a master; for the people without talent, even the princes are indifferent. Usually, people are good, especially don't remember people's minor faults. Especially for the young people who have made progress in their studies, even if they have the beauty of a text or the work of a poem, they must be criticized and stuck to the wall of the house to show their visitors. People all over the world praised Yang Weizhen as a loyal elder. Yang Weizhen was upright in character and open-minded in behavior, which led to setbacks in his official career.

thought

His thought is more complicated, and the most striking one is the tendency of "heresy" to rebel against tradition. Affirming the "nature" of human nature is the core value category of his thought. He said: "although Yao and Shun are different from Xu you, they are derived from nature." (< I > "preface to natural inscriptions" < / I >) means that Yao and Shun were saints, and Xu you were hermits. They were all out of their own desire for life, and their choice was not superior to good or evil. The same idea is expressed in the article "the auxiliary preface to Wang Zhigong", which holds that whether they are doctors, diviners, or officials, they have different ways of making a living, but they all have their own desire to survive. The so-called "although farming is different, it's not farming, it's not farming.". He hoped that Wang Fu, a worker in the army, could understand that he was the same as "high officials and high officials" in that everyone wanted to eat. Although the way was different, there was no difference between the high and the low. The emphasis on "nature", of course, has something to do with Zhuangzi, but here Yang Weizhen has no consciousness of avoiding the world and seeking perfection at all. Instead, he looks at people's different ways of life in society with a rather flat attitude, showing his respect for free life desire.

Character achievement

poems

Chinese PinYin : Yang Wei Zhen