Du fan
Du fan
Du fan (1182-1245), Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the first year of Jiading (1208) of Southern Song Dynasty. He successively served as a county officer of Jintan, a judicial officer of Wuzhou, a member of the army, a member of Hubu Jiage, a commander of Dali temple, and a supervisor of the military Bureau. In December of the second year of Duanping (1235), he served as the censor of supervision. He impeached Zheng Qingzhi, the Prime Minister of the right side, to use his division in Heluo. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians died. The next year, he served as Secretary Supervisor and storyteller of Chongzheng Hall. When the Mongolian army invaded Jiangling, it was suggested that the commander-in-chief along the Yangtze River and the ambassador of Jianghuai system should be set up, and the main force of the song army in the west of Huaihe River should be transferred to reinforce Jiangling. LiZong of Song Dynasty would play a role, and Jiangling would be liberated. Facing the situation of Xiangshu, Jiangling and Huaihe, he and other scholars repeatedly impeached Zheng Qingzhi and Li Mingfu. In January of the first year of Jiaxi (1237), Yu crossed the river and returned home. In March of 2003, he served as the magistrate of Ningguo state in Jiangxi Province. When there was a severe drought, he gave relief to the rich and asked them to open their warehouses. When he returned to Beijing in November, he was the Minister of the Ministry of Li, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and the Minister of the Ministry of rites. He signed and knew the affairs of the Privy Council. Disdaining to be a minister with Li Mingfu, he left Beijing. Li Zong's emissary recalled him and ordered all the city gates not to leave the city. After hearing the news, he wrote to Li Zong to detain him, denouncing the right prime minister Shi Songzhi and Li Ming for restoring their power and harming the country.
In December of the fourth year of Chunyou's reign (1244), he served as the right prime minister and secret envoy, cleaning up the imperial platform, selecting talents, and expelling Shi Song's party members. The book of LiZong was given by "open heart, impart justice, gather all people's thoughts, and broaden loyalty and benefit". Du fan on the sparse five things: "the root cause, Su palace Wei, select talent, cherish the famous, save money." In addition, the twelve events set the foundation of the country and the people's heart to save the Song Dynasty. The Mongol army invaded on a large scale. Du fan ordered Huaiyang and Ezhu to attack from east to west, and Hefei and Shouchun to break through. His death was presented to Shaofu, and his posthumous title was Qing Xian. He wrote Gu Lu Shi and later compiled Qing Xian Ji. In December 2006, Du fan's tomb was found in Huangyan.
Life of the characters
Du fan, when he was young, learned from Du ye and Du Zhiren. In the first year of Jiading (1208) of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a Jinshi. He served successively as a county officer of Jintan County, a judicial officer of Wuzhou, a secretary of Anji, an official of Hubu, a secretary of Dali temple, and a supervisor of the military Bureau. In December of the second year of Duanping (1235), he served as the censor of supervision and impeached Zheng Qingzhi, the Prime Minister of the right side of the country In the next year, he was appointed as Taichang Shaoqing. In the face of the deterioration of the government, he said to LiZong, "don't use small favors to extend great friendship, and don't use private feelings to disturb public law.". Strictly control Gongye, do not let a piece of speech into the speed; ban eunuch, do not let slander and flattery to sell their adultery In the imperial court, the traitors were in power, and Du fan was not allowed to return to the land. In October of the same year, he served as Secretary Supervisor and storyteller of Chongzheng Hall. At that time, the Mongol army invaded Jiangling, and dulizong played a role in it. In December, Du fan became the censor. As for Li Zong's indulgence, appointment of power traitors, preaching and admonishing, he said, "Your Majesty has the name of good admonishment on the outside and the reality of refusing admonishment on the inside. Is there any false name in the world that can cover the reality?" Facing the situation of Xiangshu, Jiangling and Huaihe, the government was controlled by Zheng Qingzhi's father and son, framed innocent people, recruited power and bribes, colluded with Zhao Yanna, the master of Shu, to lose his master and harm the country. Du fan was worried at first, and then rose up to impeach Zheng Qingzhi and Li Mingfu. Du Fan said: "if you don't go, you will go." Li Zong did not accept what he said, and Du fan refused to be a Taiwan official.
On January 2, 1237, the first year of Jiaxi reign, Du fan crossed the river and returned home. After hearing this, LiZong was stunned and told the envoy to Huang Yan to persuade him to return. LiZong had no choice but to transfer Li Mingfu, who signed a letter to the Privy Council, to Zhizhou. In the winter of the second year of Jiaxi reign, Du fan was appointed governor of Ningguo, Jiangxi Province. When there was a severe drought, Du fan often closed the warehouse for rice and millet, and invited the rich families to open the warehouse. After hearing the news, Zhang Shixian, the leader of the hungry people in Huaihe and Huaihe, gathered more than 3000 people outside the city. Du fan designed to capture and behead Zhang Shixian, release food to save the masses and disperse the hungry people. In June of the fourth year of Jiaxi reign, he returned to Beijing to serve as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the Minister of Zhongshu. In April of the next year, he served as Minister of the Ministry of war, Minister of the Ministry of rites and Minister of Zhongshu. In June, LiZong ordered his ministers to pray for rain in heaven and earth, ancestral temple, state and palace. In July, Du fan Shangshu said: "the natural disaster is inherent, but the banquet in the palace is given, without derogation; the left and right are not released; the Diao are learning, without repulsion; the female crown is invited, without rejection. The order will change even later, and the discipline will be abolished. Your majesty is also afraid of introspection! " Li Zong issued an imperial edict: "Chinese and foreign ministers and common people, each of them should do their best to think about the system of Chen Chiwei."
In June of the second year of Chunyou's reign (1242), he served as a Bachelor of Duanming palace and a member of the Privy Council. Two years later, he was appointed to the Privy Council. Li Mingfu returned to Beijing as an official. Du fan disdained Li Yidian and left Beijing. Li Zong sent the envoys to recall and ordered all the city gates not to leave the city. After hearing the news, all the Taixue students wrote to LiZong to detain them, and denounced the right prime minister Shi Songzhi and Li Ming for restoring their power and harming the country. Shi Songzhi instigated Liu Jinzhi and Zhao Lun to discuss Du fan and Li Mingfu. LiZong changed Li Mingfu to Zhizhou, and Du fan promoted Dongxiao palace. In October, he ordered Du fan back to his old post. Not long after that, Ding you of Shi Song left his post, and the virtuous officials began to use him one after another.
In December 1244, Du fan was appointed as the right prime minister and secretary, and Fan Zhong was appointed as the left prime minister. They worked together to clean up the imperial platform, select talents, and expel Shi Songzhi's party members Quanyuan, Pu Dounan, Liu Jinzhi, Zheng Qiqian, etc. In February of the next year, Li zongqin wrote a letter to Du fan, which was "sincere, fair, collective and loyal". Du fan on the sparse five things: "the root cause, Su palace Wei, select talent, cherish the famous, save money." Li Zong ordered Du fan to make a government order, and Du fan set the nation's heart on 12 matters to save the Song Dynasty.
Meng Gong, the general of Jiangling, had a heavy army and lived in Jianghuai for a long time. After Du fan became prime minister, Meng Gong wrote a book to celebrate. Du fan replied: "the ancients said that if the generals were reconciled, the scholars would attach themselves to each other. Since then, they have been united and sacrificed for the country. If it's a combination of skills, it's not something else. " Meng Gong said: "today, we are willing to accept each other's sincerity. We are different from our predecessors in controlling everything with our skills. We are willing to die." The Mongol army invaded on a large scale. Du fan ordered Huaiyang and Ezhu to attack from east to west, and Hefei and Shouchun to break through.
In April of 1245, Du fan died of illness at the age of 64. Li Zong stopped eating for 3 days and gave it to Shaofu, posthumous title "Qing Xian". May funeral, hearse by, gather sacrifice Lane cry. In July, he was buried in huangduling (now paimen), Jinghua Township, 70 Li west of Huangyan county.
Main works
His works include five volumes of Gu Lu Shi, six volumes of ZA Wen, ten volumes of zouzu, three volumes of WaiZhi, three volumes of Jingyan lecture notes, as well as Yili and Chunqiu. Huang Zhen said in the biography of Du fan, the Prime Minister of Wu Chen Xiu's history: "only when the great evils are corrected, can a person be as upright as Duke Du." Che Ruoshui's "Mr. Wai Li Zhai" said: "the Yuan Dynasty has a long history, and it is the new party. The four seas are changing, and the emperor can't bear to mislead people. " His nephew Du Hu died after the death of the Song Dynasty.
Character evaluation
Cai Dongfan: Song tingfei has no wise generals, such as Du fan, Wu Qian, Dong Huai, and so on. Meng Gong, Yu Yu, Ma Guangzu, Xiang TUBI, and Wang Jian are all generals. It's not too late to take advantage of Mongolia's civil strife to build politics, consolidate the army, and strive for stability.
Historical records
History of the Song Dynasty, biographies, volume 166
Du fan was born in Huangyan. From Zhu Xi and zhirenyou, from Zhu Xi to Fan Yi. In the first year of jiaziding, he was promoted to Jinshi, transferred to Jintan Wei, and then transferred to Wuzhou judicial department. Shaoding three years, in charge of the Ministry of housing frame Ge text. Six years later, he moved to Dali.
In the first year of Duanping, he was given the title of military equipment supervisor. Next year, he joined the group and said, "Your Majesty, you will see the great government for two years. Today, we are not only blind to the effect of renewal, but also worried that it is not as good as the old. There must be a cause for a man's malpractice, and there must be a root for his salvation. After thirty or forty years of practice, he has been soaked and smoked, and has been rotten day by day. There are those who can not be saved, but they are just private. His majesty should punish him for his malpractice, so as to make his private intentions clear. It's not enough to use politeness to respect sages, and it's difficult to accept admonitions. The private property of this property is not gone. The beauty of harmony is not obvious, the meaning of the same column is not strong, the end of the paper is the imperial edict, and things are unpredictable. If you decide things together, don't ask whether you can or can't, gather righteousness to win the court and implement it in private opinion. All the sages are in the column and plan in private, and this minister's private affairs will end. If the private tolerance of the monarch does not go away, then the doctrines will become empty words. Recently, he called on famous Confucianists to invent the theory of seeking knowledge from things and sincerity. Those who are good at talking about it even slander Zi and laugh at it. When his majesty doubts his words, he means to dislike Confucianism. This is an opportunity for the sages to advance and retreat. The safety of the world depends on it. I would like to use it to explain and implement it. "
Change secretary Lang, seek to worship censor. Play: "in the past, the powerful minister's admonition must be personal. The promise is firm, and then he will give his life. The attack was based on the wind's purpose, and the customs were very bad. His Majesty was in charge of the government. He first used Hong to advise Kui and Wang Sui to correct the old malpractice and denounce the evil. However, there are still many worshipping systems in the temples. When it comes to your approach, you may be forced to protect yourself and ask for help from the beggars' temple first; when things are limited, or you may mediate with each other, and you may end up with a chapter on the punishment of crimes. Some of them are still new, but they have been issued to remove the items, and the sand has not been removed for a long time. Since then, the style of Taiwan admonishment has been flourishing day by day, and the imperial court's outline has been rising day by day. " Li Zong is deeply concerned about it.
He bingnian is old enough to prepare for the cold weather, and he can't sleep. Fan Zaizuo said: "if a minister is not dismissed, the matter is small, but if the words of admonishment are not, the matter is big. It's still OK to block the stage and remonstrate. As for your Majesty's intention, it's not appropriate to have it when you are in charge Zheng Qingzhi, the prime minister, was very angry when he saw that there was a saying that "the crisis was coming, and friends were more than misfortunes". He also said that fan Shuncheng's purpose was to whitewash and collapse. Fan then impeached himself, saying: "the prime minister and the Taijian, the official has the dignity and the inferiority, but when one mind for the country, how can we harm the public with private.". The prime minister does what he does and admonishes what he says.
Chinese PinYin : Du Fan
Du fan
