Du Jun

Du Jun

Du Jun (1611-1687) was a poet in the early Qing Dynasty. Its original name was Zhaoxian, which was written in the name of emperor. It was called chacun, Xizhi and banweng. Huanggang (now Hubei) people. Ming Chongzhen was a student. After the death of Ming Dynasty, he didn't become an official, but lived in Nanjing and Yangzhou. He lived in Nanjing for 40 years. He deliberately wrote poems, which contained the feeling of rise and fall. He is the author of Bian Ya Tang Ji.

Life of the characters

Du Jun was the deputy leader of the provincial examination in the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Jue Yi became an official and lived in Jinling for more than 30 years. His family was so poor that he could not raise a fire. Du Jun was very proud and lonely. Some people advised him not to be too lonely. He explained: "how dare someone do this? He is just idle and useless, but he has to sleep well. Even if Sima Qian and Han Yu are separated, they are not as good as visiting each other." Some famous people who wanted to visit him were politely declined. Even local officials (or old friends) have to visit on foot. However, in the new words of the nine dynasties, it is still said that Du Jun said to these guests, "if you meet me occasionally, there is a bamboo pass inside the door. In the case of nap or governance, the lock. There are seats outside the pass. When a visitor arrives, he will sit and wait depending on whether the key is closed. He is not allowed to knock at the door. Even though the prefectures (prefectures) have arrived, so have they. " When he learned that sun Zhiwei, his good friend, was going to be recruited by the Qing government, he immediately wrote to him to advise him not to be two people. And said: "do not cut two people have a way, said, endure itching. There is a way to endure itching, saying, thinking about pain. As for the pain, it was the heart of the stone If the husband is young, he will be a man of two parts, but later he will be a man of two parts. When he is old, he will be a man of two parts, and later he will be a man of two parts (with sun Bao Ren Shu) the sun family got the book and gave it up in his speech, which saved half of his innocence. When Qian Qianyi visited, Du Jun refused to meet him behind closed doors. Du Jun most admired Qu Dajun, one of the "three great masters of Lingnan". Qu Dajun, born in Panyu (today's Guangzhou), was named wengshan. Ming died at the age of 15. The soldiers of the Qing Dynasty entered the country and joined the anti Qing army. After their failure, they became monks and soon returned to the common customs and traveled all over the country. Good poetry, some works dare to expose the Qing army atrocities. Later, he still contacted the anti Qing volunteers and planned to restore the Ming Dynasty. Du Jun praised Qu Dajun as a man of bone and knowledge, who was able to succeed the ancients in Martial Arts (Fu Qu wengshan Shu). Du Rong was "old and poor, poor and crazy", and finally died in 1687, the 26th year of Kangxi. He was so depressed that he could not be buried. A few years later, Chen Pengnian, the magistrate of Jiangning, was buried in Zhongshan, Nanjing. Most of Du Jun's works are lost because his family is poor and unable to publish. There are 10 volumes of bianyatang poetry anthology and 8 volumes of bianyatang literature anthology, which are only two thirds of all his works.

Literary achievements

Du Jun's poetics is Du Fu's, which is full of spirit, elegant and elegant, especially the five rhythms. The song of drumming at the first hearing of the lightboat is a long piece that he became famous in his early years. Such as GuanShanYue, Jiaoshan and Yanji Ganjiu. In the ancient tree, he wrote: "pines know that the Qin calendar is short, while cypresses feel that Han's kindness is deep. It's hard to move the heart of plants with all the strength of wind and frost. "Qing Dynasty unified annals" comments on Du Jun: "poetry Haojian, from the border town Hu Guang Tong Zhi says that he "has a wide range of books, and many scholars from Wu and Chu are just like him.". According to the chronicles of Huangzhou Prefecture, he was a man of fierce temperament and simple temperament. "I'll be honored." "His works are of great strength. Later, when they were hidden in Zhongshan in the south of the Yangtze River, those who did not know the face of the tea village were embarrassed. " Wu Weiye (Zimei Village) was the most accomplished poet in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is recorded in Volume 48 of Li Yuandu's a brief introduction to the state affairs that Wu Weiye once said that his five character poems were developed after reading Du Jun's poems. It is also said in a brief account of the state affairs that Yan ruoxian (a Confucian scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, who was good at textual research) was "the sage of poetry" because he wrote many poems about Zi Xi and Du Jun There are more than 650 poems in ten volumes of bianyatang collection by Du Jun. However, according to Chen Zhongkui's Qiu Peng Ji, he has more than 3000 poems that have not been engraved. Chen Zhongkui and Du Rong are contemporaries of Huanggang people, which is more reliable. But "nine dynasties new language" also said: "tea village (Du Jun word) good slander he layman. After his death, some rich people bought and burned his collection. " However, Professor Deng Zhicheng said in his first edition of Qing poetry Chronicles: "I have seen more than 20 volumes of poems and essays written in Cha village in the bookshop, most of them are in addition to the printed edition. The book is still in the world, and those who do good things will get one day. " Unfortunately, it has not been seen so far.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Du Jun, the word in the emperor, the number of tea village, Huanggang people. He lived in Jinling in the Ming Dynasty. Shao Ti Tang, who wanted to taste the strange Festival, could not try it, so he deliberately wrote poems, but did not want to be named as a poet. Shen Shoumin in Xuancheng and Xu Fang in Wuzhong are the only people in the world. In Jinling, he was good with Fang Zhongshu, Zhongshu and Baofu. The crown of Jinling is surrounded by many poets. Thank you very much. Qian Qianyi tried to visit, but when he closed the door, he did not communicate with him. However, when he walked to the door, he met him occasionally. Inside the gate is the bamboo pass. Outside the gate, there are seats. When visitors come to the gate, they can sit and wait. They are not allowed to knock at the gate. Even if they come to Dafu, it is the same. And the meritorious order has the battle of choosing the door, there is a division according to the book to avoid, Jun said: "is my service also!" There is no way to stop the night patrol. I like to drink tea, but I have no tea. The existing flower mound is called "tea mound" because of the gathering of residual tea. In 1977, he died in Yangzhou. When he returned home from the funeral, his old friend made a divination. Zi Shiji said, "I have relatives, but I humiliate the two or three kings by burying them? I'm not human He died, and the world helped him. A few years later, Chen Pengnian came to Jinling and was buried in Meihua village in Jiangshan. Junshi is the richest, less than 11 in the world, and 47 by hand. Wu Weiye tasted the words: "my five character temperament started from the poetry of Jiaoshan in tea village." Yan ruoxian, who was praised by many scholars at that time, only Xu Jun's five temperament, was called "the sage of poetry". Those that have been engraved are called bianya hall collection.

Tea addict poet

Du Jun wrote a "tea hill inscription". At the beginning of this essay, it says: "I am in tea, and I am in the relationship of life and death. Sex also has life, life also has sex. The weather is hot and cold, the ground is dangerous and easy. There are constant changes in the world, and there are favorable and unfavorable situations. The flow of the ridge is not even, hunger and satiety are not equal. My good tea does not change its degree. Qingquan huohuohuo is dependent on each other. Tea houses are half of the expenses of guests. There is no tea without food. " Professor Deng Zhicheng does not believe in Du Jun's "I have no food but no tea". He said in the chronicle of Du Jun in Volume 2 of the chronicle of Qing Poetry: "tea is worth ten times as much as grain. If you can get rid of tea, you can't get rid of grain." Its intention seems to say that Du Jun is just a high-profile tea addict. Du Jun lives in Jinling and lives on the right side of Jiming mountain. He has several thatched cottages and is not sheltered from the wind and rain, but he lives peacefully and sings freely. He was poor all his life, especially in his later years. In "twenty four slogans of poverty this year", Du Jun wrote about his suffering from hunger and poverty at that time. He wrote about a day when he was deprived of food: "if Yanwei had no plan, Pengmen would have to eat in the morning and in the evening? I was only ashamed when I was silent, but I was grateful when I was relegated. " (the poem says: "on the day of no food, my family will be slandered. But the young girl is clever and has nothing to say Once, Wang fujue, the son of his in laws and old friends, came all the way. Unable to entertain him, he had to exchange his beloved collection of works of Mr. Shuixin by Ye Shi of Song Dynasty for some money, buy rice and cook a few meals. On the Mid Autumn Festival of this year, Du Jun's family only had a meal of porridge, but they didn't want to watch the moon. Unexpectedly, the tightly closed door was knocked open. It turned out that Liu Jingting, a famous storyteller, had sent someone to deliver good wine and a thousand "Qinghe" (copper coins). The visitors left money and wine behind and ran away. Du Jun's family immediately drank and enjoyed the moon. The next day I saw on the cover of Liu Jingting's letter, which read eight words: "if someone is rewarded, I will be punished." Only then knew when the late comer flies the leg namely to run the reason, cannot help laughing. The 24 slogans, poems and commentaries are full of stories of starvation, which is a record of the real situation. Wang Shizhen, a great master of literature in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote down such a thing in his notes of Xiangzu. He asked Du Jun, "how about your poems?" Du Jun replied: "but I feel that there are ghosts and gods in Gaoge. Who knows that starvation fills the gully?" This can also prove that poverty and hunger did seriously threaten Du Jun's life in some periods. However, Du Jun's acquaintances sent plum blossom slices (produced in Lu'an, Huoshan and other places, second only to silver needle and sparrow tongue) and yellow ripe fragrance (a kind of spice) from other places. It can be seen that some of the tea "I have no food but no tea" was given away by friends from other places. These friends did not know that Du Jun had been hungry all day, otherwise it would not be so. Du Jun's "no tea without food" is not a false exaggeration. When he was relatively rich, there were ten tin tea bottles in his family. At this time, I had to turn a blind eye and let my family take it and exchange it for wheat to make a living. At that time, although some "tea is ten times more expensive than grain", many are cheap ordinary tea. There is a story about "Li Keshan sipping tea with guests" in the diet category of Qingbai Lei Chao. This paper describes the "hard mechanics, hunger chanting, and happiness" of bouyili fruit in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). "When a good friend arrives, he often calls on the child to withdraw a sum of money and pour tea on the tea shop, sipping it together.". This kind of tea that two people sip together for a small sum of money will never be higher than the price of food. In volume 11 of Yangzhou Huafang Lu, it is recorded that when Du Jun went to Yangzhou, he often had a heart to heart talk with Mrs. Qiao, who was selling tea in Changdi with Liu Jingting. This "Granny Qiao tea table" seems to be a small open-air teahouse, "with large tea sets, tin for it, small neck and abdomen, and dozens of short bamboo.". And clearly marked its tea price as "two yuan per bowl of tea.". The price of tea seems to be lower than that of grain. Du Jun once had a well-off life, and he also had a high standard and habit of drinking tea. At first, even if he drank good tea such as Longjing, it was just "first cooked"

Chinese PinYin : Du Xun