Li Ling
Li Ling
Li Ling (134-74 BC), the word Shaoqing, Longxi Chengji (now Qin'an County, Gansu Province) people. Li guangchangsun, a famous general and litterateur in the Western Han Dynasty.
He is good at riding and shooting and loves nurses. At the beginning of the reign, he was awarded the title of "Zuxun" to Shizhong, Jianzhang palace supervisor and Qianqi Duwei. In the second year of Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), Li Guangli, the general of the second division, led 5000 infantry to fight against 80000 Huns in Junji mountain. Finally, he was outnumbered and surrendered. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mistakenly believed that Li Ling was training soldiers for the Xiongnu, he destroyed the three families of Li Ling and completely severed their relationship with the Han Dynasty.
In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), he died in Xiongnu.
Life of the characters
Early experience
When Li Ling was young, he served as a servant and supervisor of Jianzhang. He is good at riding and archery. He is kind to people. He is a humble corporal and has a good reputation. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that he had the style of Li Guang and ordered him to lead 800 cavalry.
Li Ling once went deep into Xiongnu for more than 2000 Li, crossed Juyan to scout the terrain, but did not encounter Xiongnu to return smoothly. Later, he was promoted to the commander of the cavalry, and led 5000 elite soldiers to teach archery in Jiuquan, Zhangye and other places to defend the Huns. A few years later, the Han Dynasty sent Li Guangli, the general of the second division, to fight against Dawan and ordered Li Ling to follow him with 5000 troops. When he arrived at the frontier fortress, Emperor Wu ordered Li Ling to leave his soldiers behind. He only led 500 light horses out of Dunhuang to salt water to welcome Li Guangli back to his army. Then he stayed in Zhangye.
an isolated force penetrating deep into enemy territory
In the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), Li Guangli led 30000 cavalry troops to attack Youxian king who was active in the Tianshan Mountains from Jiuquan. Emperor Wu summoned Li Ling to deliver food and grass for the army.
Li Ling came to Wutai hall, kowtowed to Emperor Wu, and said, "the soldiers in tunbian, led by my ministers, are all Jingchu warriors, strange materials and swordsmen. They can bind tigers and shoot at them. I hope they can become their own army and take charge of their own. We can only divide our forces to the south of Langan mountain. Please don't let us be the transport team of the general of the second division." Emperor Wu said: "you are ashamed to be a subordinate! I've sent so many troops that there are no horses for you. " Li Ling replied, "you don't have to give horses. I'd like to strike more with less. I'd like to use only 5000 infantry to attack the king's court." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty agreed because of his courage, and ordered Lu bode, a strong Budu captain, to meet Li Ling's troops halfway.
Lu bode, a former Fubo general, was also ashamed to be a reserve for Li Ling, so he wrote: "now it's just autumn, when the Huns are fat, so we can't fight with them. I hope to stay in Li Ling until spring, and lead five thousand cavalry of Jiuquan and Zhangye to attack dongxijunji mountain respectively, which will surely win." Emperor Wu was very angry when he saw him. He suspected that Li Ling regretted that he didn't want to send troops and ordered Lu bode to write to him. So he sent an imperial edict to Lu bode: "I want to give Li Ling horses, but he said," we should attack the crowd with less. "Now the Xiongnu invades the Xihe River, and take your troops to the Xihe River as soon as possible to guard the way of the hook camp." Li Ling was also told: "we should send troops in September. We should go from the dangerous Shulu Zhang to the area of longleshui in the south of dongjunji mountain, and wander to see the enemy's situation. If we don't see anything, we should follow the route of zhuoye Marquis Zhao's breaking slaves to the surrender City, and report the situation back to the court with a fast horse. What did you say to Rupert? And put it in a book to make it clear. "
So Li Ling led his 5000 foot soldiers from Juyan to march northward for 30 days to camp in Junji mountain. He drew a map of the mountains and rivers he passed, and sent his cavalry Chen bule back to report to the court. Chen bule was summoned. Chen said that Li Ling had a good command of his troops, and that he had received the service of his soldiers. Emperor Wu was very happy and appointed Chen bule as a Lang official.
Bloody battle of Xiongnu
In Junji mountain, Li Ling encountered Shan Yu, the main force, and was surrounded by more than 30000 Xiongnu cavalry. Li Ling's army was stationed between the two mountains, with the cart as the barracks. Li Ling led the troops to rush out of the barracks and spread out the troops. The front row held halberds and shields, and the back row used bows and crossbows. He ordered: "attack when you hear drums, and stop when you hear gold." Seeing that there were few soldiers in the Han Dynasty, the Huns rushed to the barracks of the Han army.
Li Ling fought with his troops and sent a thousand crossbows at the same time. The Huns fell in response. The Hun army retreated to the mountain, and the Han army pursued and killed thousands of Hun soldiers. Shan Yu was so surprised that he summoned more than 80000 cavalry from Zuoxian king and Youxian king to besiege Li Ling. After a few days, Li Ling was trapped in a valley. After days of hard fighting, many soldiers were injured by arrows. The injured in three places took cars, while the injured in two places drove. The first one insisted on fighting.
Li Ling said: "my sergeant's spirit is not as good as before, and I can't drum it up. What's the reason? Are there any women in the army? " It turned out that when the army set out, some of the wives and daughters of the bandits who were exiled to the frontier were soldiers' wives, most of them hiding in cars. Li Ling found them out and killed them with a sword. The next day, he fought again and killed more than 3000 Huns. They broke through Southeast and retreated along gulongcheng road. After walking for four or five days, they were blocked by large marsh reeds.
The Hun army set fire in the limelight, and Li Ling ordered the soldiers to set fire to a piece of open space to save themselves. He retreated to the foot of a mountain. Shan Yu was on the top of the South Mountain and ordered his son to lead his cavalry to attack Li Ling.
Li Ling's infantry fought with Xiongnu cavalry in the woods, killed thousands of Xiongnu cavalry, and then shot Chanyu with the company's caboose. Chanyu retreated down the mountain. On that day, Li Ling captured the prisoner, and the prisoner confessed: "Shan Yu said," this is a elite soldier of the Han Dynasty. He can't win the battle for a long time, but he retreats south day and night and leads us to the frontier. Will there be ambush? " However, many of the households in charge and the princes said, "if you attack thousands of people in the Han Dynasty with tens of thousands of cavalry, but you can't eliminate them, you will not be able to send troops and send generals any more, which makes the Han Dynasty even more despise the Huns. We must make another fierce attack in the valley. There are still 40 or 50 miles to go before we reach the flat ground. Even if we can't break the enemy, we can still return in time. " At this time, Li Ling's army was in a more dangerous situation. There were many Xiongnu cavalry, fighting for dozens of rounds all day, and more than 2000 Xiongnu soldiers were killed and injured. The Huns were unable to win and were ready to withdraw.
It happened that there was a marquis named Guan Gan in Li Ling's army, who escaped and surrendered to Xiongnu because he was insulted by the captain. He said to Shan Yu, "Li Ling's army has no backup, and its arrows have been exhausted. Only under General Li Ling and under Han Yannian, Marquis of Cheng'an, 800 people each line up in the front of the formation. They use yellow and white as flags, and send elite soldiers to shoot the flagmen to break the formation." Shan Yu was so glad that he ordered his cavalry to join forces to attack the Han Army, shouting: "Li Ling and Han Yannian, come down quickly!" Then he blocked the way and attacked Li Ling fiercely. Li Ling was at the bottom of the valley, and the Huns arched from all sides on the hillside. The Han Army insisted on going south. Before they reached the mountain, they abandoned their chariots and left in a day when all 500000 arrows had been fired.
At that time, there were more than 3000 soldiers left to cut off the spokes of the wheels as weapons, and the military officials had only short knives. He was blocked by a mountain and broke into a narrow valley. Shan Yu cut off their retreat and put down a stone in a dangerous place. Many soldiers were killed and couldn't move forward.
After dusk, Li Ling put on plain clothes and walked out of the camp alone. He stopped him and said, "don't follow me. Let me kill Shan Yu alone!" After a long time, Li Ling came back and sighed: "the defeat is like this. I only want to die!" The military official said: "the general shocked Xiongnu. Your majesty won't let you die. You can think of other ways to go back later. For example, although zhuoye Hou (Zhao fenu) was captured by Xiongnu, he fled back later, and his majesty still treated you with courtesy, not to mention to the general!" Li Ling said: "don't talk about it. I won't die in battle or be a strong man." So he asked his men to cut off the flags and bury the treasure in the ground. He said, "with dozens more arrows, we can run away, but now we have no weapons to fight again, and we have to hold our hands to be captured at dawn. It's better to leave each other alone. There may be people who will flee to report to your majesty. " He ordered the soldiers to take two liters of dry food and a large piece of ice, and agreed to meet at zheluzhang, the frontier fortress. Ready to break through in the middle of the night, but the drum did not ring.
Exhausted and captured
Li Ling and Han Yannian got on the horse together, and more than ten strong men rushed out with them. Thousands of Xiongnu cavalry chased after Han Yannian and died. Li Ling sighed: "I have no face to see your majesty!" So he dismounted and surrendered. His subordinates fled for their lives, and only more than 400 people fled back to the fortress. The place where Li Ling was defeated was only a hundred miles away from the frontier fortress. The frontier fortress reported the situation to the imperial court. Emperor Wu thought that Li Ling had died in the war, so he called his mother and wife to see the people who wanted to meet him, but said that they were not dead. Later, he learned that Li Ling had been surrendered to Xiongnu. Emperor Wu was furious and asked Chen bule. Chen bule committed suicide.
All the civil and military officials scolded Li Ling, and Emperor Wu asked the Taishi to order Sima Qian about Li Ling, but Sima Qian said: "Li Ling served his mother filial piety, spoke faithfulness to the soldiers, and often spared no effort to go to the national crisis. For a long time, he developed the style of being a scholar. Today, he was defeated in a battle. It's really sad that his subordinates who want to save their lives attack one point and ignore the rest! Moreover, with less than 5000 soldiers, Li Lingti went deep into the hinterland of Xiongnu and fought tens of thousands of divisions. The enemy was killed and wounded countless times, and he was too busy to save himself. He called together the people who could shoot arrows to encircle. He fought for thousands of miles, but he was very poor. The soldiers fought with their bare hands against the enemy's arrows and killed the enemy bravely. Even the famous generals in ancient times were just like this. Although he was besieged and defeated, his record of killing and killing the enemy was enough to spread all over the world. The reason why he didn't die was that he wanted to make atonement for his service to the imperial court. " At first, Emperor Wu sent Li Guangli to lead the army to March, and only asked Li Ling to assist in transportation. Later, Li Ling fought with Shan Yu, but Li Guangli made few contributions. Emperor Wu thought that Sima Qian was slandering the general of the second division to intercede for Li Ling, so he was put into prison and executed.
After a long time, Emperor Wu realized that there was no rescue for Li Ling. He said, "when Li Ling left the fortress, the imperial edict originally ordered the commander of the strong crossbow to take over. Only because of the influence of the treacherous old general and the change of the edict, the whole army of Li Ling was destroyed." So he sent envoys to express his sympathy and reward to the remnant of Li Ling. One year after Li Ling was in Xiongnu, he was sent by Emperor Wu
Chinese PinYin : Li Ling
Li Ling
