Li Er

Li Er

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Li Er (year of birth and death unknown), word Shihui, Zhaojun Nanhe (now Nanhe County, Hebei Province) people. Ministers from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty.

At the beginning of the Northern Qi Dynasty, he was awarded the title of Zhongshu Sheren. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he became a staff sergeant of tianguandu and made friends with Prime Minister Yang Jian.

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, he served as the Minister of Bibu, the Minister of kaogong, and the Minister of Zhishu. He was granted the title of uncle of Nanhe county and died in Tongzhou.

Life of the characters

Li Er, zishihui, was born in Zhaojun. He is knowledgeable and can write articles. He was an official in the Northern Qi Dynasty and a scholar in the Middle Kingdom. He was eloquent and often received envoys dealing with the state of Chen. Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty pacified the Northern Qi Dynasty and served as a sergeant of Tianguan. Li Er saw that Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty had the ambition and integrity of the emperor and had a deep friendship with him. When Emperor Wen was the prime minister, he was very close to Li Ge and asked him about his gains and losses. At that time, there were many wars and chaos in the world, and a lot of national property was wasted. Li Er wrote on Chonggu to satirize and remonstrate. Emperor Wen adopted Li Ge's suggestion. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was succeeded by Zen, and Li Er was appointed as the Minister of Bi Bu and kaogong, and was granted the title of Jue Nan and Bo. Li Er is upright and upright in character, and has a clear understanding of current affairs. He was promoted to the post of governor. Emperor Wen said to the officials, "when I was the first minister, I often asked to take a post outside the capital. Li Er stated 12 strategies and tried hard to dissuade me from taking a post outside the capital, so I decided to stay in the court. Today, such a cause depends entirely on the strength of liger. " Give him 2000 pieces of property.

After the death of Gongqing, his descendants married and sold their concubines and maidservants, forming a custom. It was said in the letter that "when I heard that I admired Yuanfeng, I was careful to wait for its end. People's virtue was honest and honest, and it could only be called filial piety if I didn't change it for three years. Now it is said that some of the ministers married and sold their concubines in exchange for money soon after the death of their fathers and ancestors. If someone does this, it will do harm to the cultivation of customs. Although I was humble, because I personally took on the clothes of my father and grandfather, I should be filial for three years. This is the practice of ancient and modern times. How can you allow me to take off my filial piety immediately and force Fu Shi to send her to other people's room before the spirit card? Those who see such a situation are still sad, not to mention the son of man, how can he bear these! There are also some important officials in the imperial court, who are very noble in position and reputation. They make friends all their lives and feel like brothers. After his death, he was as far away as a passer-by. In the morning, when he heard about the death of his old friend, he advised his concubine in the evening. When it was convenient, he would marry out, so as to get employment. No sense of shame, betray the friendship. How can we sponsor government affairs since we can't rectify our selfish desires? " Emperor Wen praised Li Er for reading his letter. The wives and concubines of officials above grade five are not allowed to remarry, starting from now on.

Li Er also wrote that because his articles at that time advocated frivolity, he forgot to return

"When I heard that the wise emperors in ancient times enlightened the common people, I was sure to change what they heard and saw, prevent their hobbies and desires, block their evil and licentious hearts, and direct a way of honesty and peace. The five teachings and six elements are the basis of disciplining the common people; the book of songs, the book of rites and the book of changes are the gateway to morality. Therefore, there is nothing more important than to be filial and loving to every family, to know etiquette and humility, to rectify folk customs, and to regulate customs. There are Shangshu Xianfu, Zhichen to engrave inscriptions, which are used to praise virtue, describe sages, mark meritorious deeds, and demonstrate reason. As long as it is not punishment and reward, it is not in vain.

"Down to the next generation, customs and education gradually declined. The three ancestors of the state of Wei, more advocating the word, ignoring the monarch's principle, like carving insects. The people below follow the people above, just like the shadow following the sound, competing to show literary talent, thus forming a custom. Jiang Zuoqi, Liang, this kind of malady is more serious, regardless of the noble and humble, just to chant poetry. So he lost the reason and kept the heresy, chasing the nihilism, competing for the strangeness of rhyme and the cleverness of a word. It's full of pages. It can't surpass the images of moon and dew. It's just scenery like wind and clouds. The court should select officials according to these comparisons. Since the road of fame and wealth has been opened, the love of advocating is more solid. Therefore, the old and young in Lu Li, the children of GUI you, did not know the heavenly stems and earthly branches, so they wrote five character poems first. As for the laws and regulations of Xihuang, Shun and Yu, the doctrines of Yiyin, Fushao, Zhougong and Confucius are no longer concerned. How ever did they listen to them! They regard arrogance and absurdity as pure nothingness, express their emotions as meritorious deeds, and accuse the Confucians of simple and clumsy moral conduct. With the help of Ci Fu, they become people with noble personality. As a result, there are more and more articles and more political confusions. It is true that the abandonment of the great sage's model has led to the situation of regarding the useless as useful. Abandon the root, pursue the last, all over China, learn from each other, the longer the more popular.

"The great Sui Dynasty inherited the destiny of heaven, and the holy way began to prosper. It dethroned the flowery words and restrained the luxuriant hypocrisy. If you don't have classics in your heart, simplicity in your heart, ambition in Tao, and benevolence in your heart, you can't be an official. In the fourth year of kaihuang reign (584), the imperial edict was issued to the whole world. In September of this year, Sima you, the governor of Sizhou, wrote a gorgeous article and handed it over to Yousi for investigation. Since then, Gongqing and ministers have understood the right way. No one does not admire the ancient books and records. They give up the gorgeous and beautiful scenery and choose the good rules of the ancient emperors to walk in the world.

"Now I hear that the remote counties still inherit the depressed social customs, choose officials, recommend talents, and do not follow the rules of the code. If you want to study, you must study ancient books. Those who do not communicate casually are excluded from the door and are not employed. Those who do not follow the ancients, pursue the common customs, follow the time, write frivolous articles, make friends and pursue fame are selected as officials and recommended to the imperial court. It's probably because the county magistrate and the governor didn't carry out weathering education, but also mixed with personal feelings, so they didn't have justice in mind. Since the minister is in the Department of constitution, he should do his duty of picketing. If impeachment is carried out after hearing the news, I am afraid many people will violate the criminal law. He asked for an order for the Secretary to conduct extensive search and search. If there is such a person, he should state the situation and send it to the constitutional observatory. "

Because officials like to be arrogant, Li Er wrote again to state his malpractice and asked to be punished. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty promulgated the memorials before and after Li Er, and all over the world tended to be religious, which profoundly eliminated the disadvantages. After several years in office, Li Ge tried to maintain his general position, not advocating majesty and ferocity. Therefore, he did not have a reputation of being upright, but had the ambition of correcting mistakes.

Su Wei, the Duke of piguo, thought that the shop owners who were close to the official road were profit seeking people. Their trades were dirty and disorderly, which was not in line with the principle of attaching importance to agriculture. So he asked to reduce the number of shop owners and sent them back to their hometown for farming. Some people are willing to open shop, and in their state county, appendix to the city registered residence, they are still ordered to remove their old shops, stay away from official business and handle them within a specified time. When it's winter, no one dares to tell. Li E saw them in other places, and thought that farmers and workers had their own businesses, each of which attached to their own business. The shops and shops on the market were different from ancient times, and they were attached to the city registered residence. What's more, Lindao shop is the basis of travel. How can it be abolished once? It is unreasonable to demolish the shops in Lindao and disturb the common people. I'm good at judging and making everything the same. When the envoy returned to Beijing and arrived at the court hall, he learned about Emperor Wen. Emperor Wen thought that he had dealt with it very well and said, "it should be like this for a minister who observes the country."

Later, because of his age, Li Ge went out of Beijing to serve as the governor of Tongzhou. He was very virtuous, and people were convinced. He died in the office.

Historical records

Li Er, the word Shi Hui, Zhao Jun also. He is eager to learn and to understand. He served as an official in the Northern Qi Dynasty and gave up for Zhongshu. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu was in the same position as the emperor Qi.

Li Er saw that Gaozu of the Sui Dynasty had a strange form, which was deeply self-contained. And Gaozu as prime minister, very close to see, visit to gain and loss. During the military revolution, the state used waste to satirize. Emperor Gaozu of Sui Dynasty accepted it. And by Zen, libibu, kaogong two Cao Shilang, give Jue South and county uncle. The theory of time is based on the fact that the nature of the public side is clear and the affairs of the world are achieved. When he moved to the government to serve the censor, he said to the officials, "I used to be a great Sima. Every time I asked for a foreign job, Li Ge and Chen made twelve policies. I tried to persuade him not to do so, so I decided to include him. Today's cause is the strength of Ge. " Give two thousand pieces.

When Li Er saw the rites, his religion was in decline, and his Gongqing died. His concubines and servants were often married and sold by his descendants, so it became a custom. But the last book said, "when a minister hears that he should go back to the past and be cautious about his death, he will return to the people with a strong moral character. After three years of no change, he is called filial piety. For example, it is said that within the courtiers, some of their fathers and ancestors died, and their descendants were rogues before long, so they divided them into prostitutes and concubines, married and sold them for money. There's a little bit of it here. It's actually damaged and weathered. Although my concubine is humble, I personally inherit my clothes and shoes, and I have been dressed and chopped for three years. It is not allowed to deprive Fu Qianhua of his malpractice and force him to send him to other people's room a few days ago. Those who are seeing you are still sad. How can the son of man endure it? He is an important official of the imperial court. He is expected to be a noble official. He is old-fashioned in his life. He feels like a brother. When he dies, he doesn't travel with him. When he hears about his death, he rules his concubine in the evening. He is convenient to ask for law. He has no sense of shame and abandons his friendship. And home management, can be moved to the official, is not just private, how can praise the service? " You can enjoy it. This is the first time that wives and concubines above five grades can not change their Jiao.

As a family of literature, GE was light in body, good at learning from others, and forgetting about others. Therefore, he wrote a letter saying: when I heard that the ancient sage king had changed his people, I would change his vision, prevent his lust, stop his evil heart, and show him the way of Chunhe. The five religions and six behaviors are the foundation of training the people, and the gate of morality and justice is poetry, books, rites and changes. Therefore, it can restore the filial piety and kindness of the family, make people know the courtesy, and be upright

Chinese PinYin : Li E