Hou family

Surname Hou

There are five main sources of the Hou surname: it comes from the Ji surname; some descendants of Cangjie, a historian in the Yellow Emperor, took Hou as their surname; it comes from the Si surname; Gongzhong, the son of Gongshu Duan of the Zheng State, was granted the surname Hou by Zhuang Gong in the spring and Autumn period; and it came from changing the surname or others. Hou's family name ranks 230th in the song edition of the hundred family names. In 2005, it was presided over by Yuan Yida of the Institute of genetics and developmental biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and ranked 77th in the contemporary hundred family names edited by Yuan Yida and Zhong Weilun. The population accounts for about 0.29% of the Han population in China. Especially in Hunan, Anhui, Hebei, Liaoning and other provinces, these four provinces account for about 48% of the Chinese Han population.

Historical development

Origin of surname

It comes from the surname Ji. Take the title as a surname. According to the new book of the Tang Dynasty, the prime minister's genealogy table, the state of Jin, more than 3000 years ago, was granted by Tang Shuyu, the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou. And the Hou clan is from the state of Jin. In the spring and Autumn period, Duke AI Hou of Jin and his younger brother were killed by Duke Wu of Jin. Their descendants moved to other countries and took their ancestors' titles as their surnames. According to the stele of marquis Cheng of Jinxiang, in the early spring and Autumn period, Shu Duan, the younger brother of Zheng zhuanggong, was defeated by Zheng zhuanggong because of his rebellion. He first fled to Yan and then to the Communist Party (now Huixian County, Henan Province), so he was also called Gong Shu Duan. After the death of Gongshu Duan, Zheng zhuanggong gave his son Gongzhong the surname Hou, thus forming a Hou family.

It comes from the surname Si. According to the research on surnames, some descendants of Xia Hou's family were granted the title of Hou, and their descendants took the land as their surname, which is called Hou's.

It was changed by the multiple surnames of Xianbei people. According to the official records of Wei Shu, in the northern and Southern Dynasties, there were two surnames in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Hou Nu and Hou Fu. After entering the Central Plains, they were all changed to the single surname "Hou" in Chinese characters. The earliest branch is the descendant of Cangjie in ancient times. According to the stele of marquis Xiang in the history of Shanggu in Han Dynasty, "the Hou family comes from the descendants of Cangjie." Cangjie, or Cangjie, is said to be the historian of the Yellow Emperor and the founder of Chinese characters. It is said that he was born in Nanle County, Henan Province. "Zhou Di Ji" said: "Cangjie's surname is Hougang's, and his name is Jie.". One of his descendants lived in fengyiya county (now Baishui County in Shaanxi Province), which is called Hou family for short. According to a brief account of the clan in Tongzhi, there was a tribe in Xianbei, originally named Hou Mo Chen. After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved his capital to Luoyang in 494, because his descendants were gradually assimilated by the Han nationality, his surname was omitted and changed to Hou. It can be seen that the Hou surname is also a multi-ethnic surname.

From shuduan. In the spring and Autumn period, shuduan of the state of Zheng was found out by his elder brother, Duke Zhuang, that he wanted to rebel against him. He fled to the Communist Party and was called gongshuduan. After his death, Duke Zhuang of Zheng granted his descendants Gongzhong as Hou's family. According to the records of the Jin family in historical records, the state of Jin was a vassal state with the surname Ji enfeoffed in the Western Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century B.C., and its capital was established in the Tang Dynasty (now in the west of Shanxi Wing City). At the beginning of the spring and Autumn period, marquis Zhao of the Jin Dynasty granted his uncle the title of "master" to Quwo, which led to a split situation. Marquis Xiao, marquis e, marquis AI, Marquis Xiaozi, and Marquis Luo of the Jin Dynasty were killed by Duke Wu of Quwo in 678 BC. His descendants fled to other vassal states and took the original Marquis "Hou" as their surname, forming another Marquis family.

The descendants of Cangjie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, took Hou as their surname. Cangjie, also known as Cangjie, was originally named Hougang, named Jie, and named Shihuang. It is said that Cangjie was the historian of the Yellow Emperor, the creator of Chinese characters, and respected by later generations as the ancestor of Chinese characters.

Such as according to the Shi Huang family, Cang emperor Shi Huangji name Gang, the word Jie, after the Hou family.

Ying Gong, a descendant of Cang Zu in Mi County, Henan Province, a disciple of Confucius, was named the Duke of Shi Sheng because he was buried next to Cang Zu's tomb. There are 76 generations of yinggongyan and liezhao in Song Dynasty. When Ying Zu worshipped Confucius, Confucius said, "is there any merit in Hou's life for the people? The first ancestor of Gaiying created the characters with a written contract, which was the symbol of endless merits and virtues. " Most of Hou's family's achievements were due to the invention of Chinese characters by the ancestors of Ying Zu, which replaced the knot of rope to record events.

The ancestor of the surname de

The origin of Hou surname can be traced back to King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. The first surname is Hou. According to the records of Yuanhe surname Zuan, in the spring and Autumn period, the descendants of marquis Luo of Jin fled to other countries and took Hou as their surname. At that time, there were Hou Yiduo and Hou Duoyu in Zheng State, Hou Shuxia and Hou Fei in Lu state, Hou Dynasty in Qi State and Hou Ying in Wei state. According to the records in the genealogy table of prime ministers in the history of Tang Dynasty, marquis Zhou of Jin Dynasty was killed by Duke Wu of Jin Dynasty. His descendants fled abroad and took the title of marquis as their surname. According to textual research, this branch of Hou family is the descendant of King Wen of Zhou more than 3000 years ago, which belongs to the authentic origin. Therefore, the descendants of the family took Marquis Luo as the ancestor of the surname Hou.

Migration distribution

In the pre Qin period, the Hou surname was active in the southern areas of Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi and Shanxi. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, due to the frequent wars in the Central Plains, the Hou family moved north to Hebei and Shanxi, and west to Gansu and Ningxia. In the two Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, the Hou surnames of Xianbei people were expanded in the Central Plains, and then increased in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning. At the same time, the Hou surnames in Northwest China crossed the Qinling mountains into Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and Guangdong, and those in Central China and Shandong went south to Anhui and Jiangsu. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Hou surname had appeared in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi and other places. During the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, the surname Hou entered Taiwan.

During the Song Dynasty, there were more than 340000 people surnamed Hou, accounting for 0.45% of the national population, ranking 50th. Shanxi is the largest province of Hou family, accounting for 34% of the total population of Hou family. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Shanxi, Henan, Hunan and Shaanxi. These four provinces account for 74% of the total population of Hou surnames, followed by Shandong and Sichuan. The Hou surnames in these two provinces account for 14%. In the whole country, there are two Hou surname population gathering areas in the north of Qin, Jin, Yu and Lu, and in the south of Xiang and Chuan.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 260000 people surnamed Hou, accounting for 0.28% of the national population, ranking 77th. In the 600 years of the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net growth rate of the national population was 20%, and the growth rate of Hou's population was negative, with a net decrease of 80000. In the face of war and massacre, the victims should be the people whose main body is in the north. The surname Hou is the surname in the north, which naturally suffered heavy losses. Shaanxi is the largest province of Hou family, accounting for 17.6% of the total population of Hou family. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Zhejiang, which account for about 44% of the total population of Hou, followed by Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Jiangsu and Hebei, and 33% of them. During the 600 years of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the general distribution pattern of Hou family changed greatly, and its population mainly moved from the north to the southeast and West. In the whole country, two large areas of Hou's surname population gathered in the north of Qin, Jin, Yu and Lu, and in the southeast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

At present, the population of Hou surname has reached more than 3 million, which is the 77th surname in China, accounting for about 0.24% of the total population. It accounts for about 31% of the total population of Hou, followed by Liaoning, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shandong and Heilongjiang, and 36% of these seven provinces. Henan is the largest province with Hou family name, accounting for 12% of the total population. There are three regions with high ratio of Hou surnames in the whole country, namely, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi in the north, Hunan and Guangdong in the south, and Northeast China. The distribution frequency of Hou's family name in the population shows that Hou's family name is mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtze River. In Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, central Gansu, Eastern Qinghai, Eastern Chongqing and Guizhou, most of Shandong, Northern Anhui, most of Hubei and Hunan, northern Guangdong and Guangxi, and southern Yunnan, the proportion of Hou surnames in the local population is generally more than 0.33%, some of which are more than 0.8%, covering about 35% of the total land area, and living in about 67.6% of the population. In the northern end of Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, Southeast Shandong, central Anhui and Jiangsu, Southeast Hubei, eastern Hunan, western Jiangxi, the junction of Fujian and Guangdong, southern Guangdong, Central Guangxi, Central Yunnan, Western Chongqing and Guizhou, Sichuan and southern Gansu and Ningxia, the distribution proportion of Hou surnames in the population ranges from 0.22% to 0.33%, and the coverage area accounts for 21% of the total land area, and about 23.7% of Hou surnames live in the population.

traditional culture

County Hall

Shanggu county was set up in the Warring States period and Yan Dynasty. In the Qin Dynasty, it was located in JuYang (now Southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province, Baoding, Yizhou and Xuanhua);

Dantu County was set up in the Qin Dynasty and is now located in Dantu County, Jiangsu Province. This branch is a branch of Shanggu County, and its founder is the descendant of Houba, the great situ in the Eastern Han Dynasty;

In the second year of emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty, he changed Sanchuan County of the Qin Dynasty to Luoyang county (now the northeast of Luoyang City in Henan Province). This branch was formed by the descendants of hounu and gukouyin of Xianbei nationality in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

"Shanggu Tang", "quebi Tang", "jiuzhao Tang", "Qinshen Tang", "Zhuangzhen Tang" and so on.

"Que coin hall" and "Jiu Zhao hall" have the same origin: in the Warring States period, the state of Qin wanted to attack the state of Zhao, so the state of Zhao asked for help from xinlingjun. Xinlingjun doesn't have a talisman and can't command the army, so he finds Hou Ying with gold coins. Hou Ying is a 71 year old hermit who works as a gatekeeper in Daliang of the state of Wei. His family is very poor, but he refuses to take xinlingjun's gold coins. He gives xinlingjun a trick to let Ruji steal the talisman. Hou Ying also introduced his friend, butcher Zhu Hai, to participate in the use of troops. Xinlingjun got the troops of Jin State, defeated Qin State and saved Zhao state.

Generation ranking

Genealogical literature

Couplets of ancestral hall

Stealing Fu to save Zhao;

Play system marquis.

The first couplet tells the story of Hou Ying, a hermit in the state of Wei in the Warring States period. Xialiandian refers to the story of Houba in Guannei, who lived in Mi County of Henan Province in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.

Neon Festival;

Songhexianlang.

The first couplet says that Hou Hongshi in the Tang Dynasty dreamed that he would become a rainbow and drink in the river when he was young. A monk met him and said, "this is a neon dragon!" Later, he was a governor. The second couplet refers to the story of Hou Daohua in Ruicheng during the Tang Dynasty.

Neon Festival

Chinese PinYin : Hou Shi