Li Fu

Li Fu

Li Fu (f ú) (1675-1750) was born in Rongshan Town, Linchuan District, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. He was a famous politician, Neo Confucianist and poet in Qing Dynasty.

In the 48th year of Kangxi reign (1709), he was selected as a scholar of the Imperial Academy, and was appointed as the editor of the Imperial Academy. He was moved to the cabinet as a bachelor and left deputy as a censor. Emperor Yongzheng succeeded to the throne and served successively as the second minister of Li Bing, governor of Guangxi and governor of Zhili. He was impeached and released from prison. After Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he was granted the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs and the Minister of the Ministry of rites. In 1750, he died at the age of 75.

Governing Lu Wang (Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren), Liang Qichao was praised as "the last person of Lu Wang School". His works include Mu Tang Lei Gao, Lu Zi Xue Pu, Zhu Zi's complete treatise on his later years, Yang Ming Xue Lu and Ba Qi Zhi Shu.

Life of the characters

Li Fu was lonely and poor when he was young. He was eager to learn. He was intelligent when he was young. He was a child prodigy. At the age of ten, he was able to write poems. At the age of twelve, he formed a poetry club with Mr. Li Zhong Zhu. The family was very poor. In the snowstorm, he took 300 yuan to search for his brother in Hanyang. He walked three thousand miles around the moon.

Kangxi 44 years (1705) held Jiangxi provincial examination first, Kangxi 48 years (1709) Jinshi, selected Shu Jishi, scattered school to teach editing, moved to teach bachelor, daily lecture notes, martial arts examination chief and deputy chief examiner, Yunnan, Zhejiang provincial examination chief examiner and so on. In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), he was promoted to a Bachelor of cabinet, and soon served as the censor of the left Deputy capital.

Kangxi 60 years (1721), as the Deputy examiner. On the day of its publication, Emperor Kangxi said: "there may be some disorderly officials and thieves in this list, but there should also be some scholars who have accumulated knowledge. They are not allowed to learn Chinese style, which is caused by resentment." He ordered the examination papers to be checked again. Among them, the bad ones cancelled the palace examination. He also gave Manchuria Juren a guarantee and Zhili Juren Wang Lansheng a Jinshi. He was impeached by the censor Shu Ku because he failed to make trouble in his residence. He was removed from office on the charge of concealment and demoted to work in Yongding River.

In the first month of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he was called back to Beijing and ordered to return to his post as Minister of the Ministry of officials. Because he refused to donate barracks for the son of general Nian gengyao, such as Nian Fu, he was envied by Nian gengyao and became an official of the imperial banquet. In June, he went to Shandong to supervise the water transport. In July, he served as the Minister of the military department. At that time, the grain transported to the capital was repeatedly robbed, and was ordered to escort the grain from Hunan and other places to Tianjin for storage. Worried about the damage of the stored rice, he sold the stored grain according to the order and handed over 5000 liang of surplus silver to Shoudao sangchengding storehouse. He told Zhili governor Li Weijun about it, but Li Weijun didn't report it. When Li Fu took office in Guangxi, sangchengding handed over the original silver to Guangxi. Until Nian gengyao came to Beijing, Shangshu Li Fu took the silver and should be punished. After investigation, Yongzheng learned the whole story, wrote "Fengguo Qingxin" and awarded it.

In April 1724, he was the governor of Guangxi. After taking office, he punished corruption and violence, worked hard and loved the people. At that time, the Miao people in the territory were instigated by the Chieftain to fight with each other and their production was destroyed. He made an in-depth investigation and study. Starting with education and inducement, the dispute over mineral resources between Guangxi and Guangdong was put to an end, and Han officials and chieftains were forbidden to bully the Miao people. As long as they found that the governor, government, department and Taoism were good at establishing names and extorting property, they were severely punished. The magistrate of Nanning accepted bribes from the chieftain, was dismissed by him, and ordered Jiufu Cheng. In addition, those who were not corrupt in Tulong prefecture were also removed from their posts. During this period, he also checked the accumulated cases of corruption and donation of more than 824700 liang of silver money by Chen Yuanlong, governor of Guangxi during the reign of Kangxi. Since then, the local officials had a new style, and the local Miao people were afraid of authority and morality. They competed to release their complaints and peace. The border area of Guangxi was stable and was praised by Yongzheng.

In August 1725, he was appointed governor of Zhili. On his way to Beijing, he learned that when Tian Wenjing was the governor of Henan Province, he treated the officials harshly and managed the local area with a severe and incisive style. Li Fu denounced Tian Wenjing for "being a fief and deliberately trampling on scholars", and the two became feuds.

In March of 1726, Li Fu took office in Beijing. It happened that there was a flood and many people died. According to the requirements of the state and county, he decisively ordered all localities to open warehouses for disaster relief, and then wrote to the imperial court to plead guilty for his unauthorized opening of warehouses and grain. Yongzheng thought that he had done right and was exempted from punishment. Later, in the imperial court, he impeached Tian Wenjing many times for being corrupt and abusing the law, and harming the common people. Tian Wenjing accused Li Fu of forming a clique for personal gain, and later transferred him to the Minister of the Ministry of industry.

In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), he was falsely accused of protecting the private party, impeached, discussed 21 crimes, dismissed and handed over to the Ministry of criminal justice for trial. As a prisoner, he studied everyday, ate deeply and slept soundly. The governor of Gansu, who was in the same prison, called him "a real iron man". After two convictions, Yongzheng ordered him to be bound to the western market and put a knife on his neck. He asked, "is Zhitian Wenjing OK at this time?" He said to him, "although my minister is dead, I don't know the benefits of Tian Wenjing.". When the Ministry of punishment checked his property, it was found that the room was simple and crude, and there was nothing else. Even his wife's jewelry was made of copper, which was not like the family members of high officials. Yongzheng believed in his honesty and absolved him. After he was released from prison, he majored in eight banners general annals, Guangxi General annals and Jifu general annals. It took eight years to write.

Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne and granted Li Fu the title of servant, who was in charge of the three treasuries of the household department. In October, the Assistant Minister of the Ministry of supplementary accounts.

In May of the first year of Qianlong (1736), he was reprimanded by the imperial court for recommending people to take part in the examination of "erudite Ci". Later, he made up for Prince Zhan Shi and served as vice president of Sanli hall.

In the second year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1737), he returned home with his mother's worries. In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), when his mother died, he and county magistrate Li Tingyou donated money to establish "Qingyun academy" and personally presided over the teaching chair. At that time, celebrities gathered and the education of "Caixiang" was revived.

In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), he served as vice president of "Ming History Compendium Museum", bu Guanglu Qing, chief examiner of Jiangnan Rural examination, Bachelor of cabinet and Minister of rites. Li Fu said that "Zhu Xi's study of Tao and Lu Jiuyuan's respect of virtue" should not be neglected, and Emperor Qianlong followed it.

In 1743, Emperor Qianlong left his hometown because of illness. Emperor Qianlong asked, "do you want to tell me?" Li Fu responded carefully all the time, and Emperor Qianlong rewarded him with poems. He lives in Shizhi garden of Shangqiao temple in Fuzhou City (Yanhe Road on Wenchang bridge). He is the mountain leader of Xinglu academy and gives lectures in person.

In 1750, he died at the age of 75.

Family offspring

Sun: Li youtang, a Jinshi in the tenth year of Qianlong reign (1745), made up his own xiulei and moved to the Ministry of industry. Wang xihou, a Juren in Xinchang, was beheaded by Emperor Qianlong for his "Ziguan case". Li youtang wrote a poem, won the official title, granted the title of three grade minister, and died at home.

Personal achievement

historiography

He also studied the history, and wrote the second chapter of the book, the record of the words and deeds of the famous officials of the Song Dynasty, and the record of Shao's experiences. He dared to uphold the truth, abandoned the secular prejudice, and defended Wang Anshi, a famous reformer of the Northern Song Dynasty, realistically. Many of his views were quoted in the chronicle of Wang Jinggong compiled by Cai Shangxiang, a historian during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Li Fu Xuezong Lu Xiangshan wrote 20 volumes of Lu Zi Xue Pu, 20 volumes of complete treatise on Zhu Zi's later years and Yangming Xue Lu, trying to reconcile Zhu Lu's theory of "respecting virtue" and "Tao Wen Xue". Li Fu devoted all his life to study, especially in history. He had a good understanding of Wang Anshi's political reform. Cai Shangxiang quoted him in his article a brief study of Wang Jinggong's Chronicle. In addition, he has written more than 100 volumes of "spring and autumn first is" and "Mu Tang Lei manuscript, sequel, BIE manuscript".

Neo Confucianism

Li Fu is a man of profound learning and a great deal of writing. He advocated Lu Xiangshan's learning, studied Neo Confucianism, and collected the merits of Jiangxi's predecessors. His theory was mainly based on practice, which was attributed to Kuang Shiji. His works include 20 volumes of Lu Zi Xue Pu, 20 volumes of Zhu Zi's later years Xue Pu and Yang Ming Xue Lu, trying to reconcile Zhu Lu's theory of "respecting virtue" and "Tao Wen Xue". There are more than 100 volumes of Mu Tang's poems. Academically, he was a famous scholar of Lu Wang School in Qing Dynasty. Liang Qichao praised it as "the person who has established the academic Bureau of the right king of the river", while Qian Mu praised it as "the first important town of Lu Wang scholars in the Qing Dynasty". He trained and promoted such famous figures as Quan Zuwang, li e, Qian Chenqun and Gu Dong.

literature

Li Fucai was quick in thinking and writing. Yang Ximin said in his collection of poems in the countryside that "the ancient prose goes straight to the liver diaphragm, and there is no reason to decorate it", "the poem is talented, sharp and unyielding, especially the second rhyme, and casts a rebuke at Ruyi....". During the period of Wu and Yue, all the celebrities were amazed. Wang Shizhen, a famous litterateur in Qing Dynasty, called Li Fu "the gift of thousands of men". Quan Zuwang called him "the best of all the sages in Jiangxi". The representative work of the poem has five characters and an ancient style: "looking at the mountains on the east bank in a boat on the Xiajiang River".

local records

Li Fu had a lot of opinions on the study of local records and made great achievements in the compilation and theoretical study of local records. He has written 20 volumes of spring and autumn Yishi. When he was governor of Guangxi, he also majored in the general annals of Guangxi, the general annals of Jifu, and the annals of Tingzhou Prefecture. When he returned home to be filial, he also compiled the annals of Linchuan County, and wrote more than 40 prefaces for local chronicles. He has written the supplement to Xijiang annals and the continuation of Fuzhou annals. It has a relatively complete and rigorous explanation on the nature, style, composition, function and diction of local chronicles in theory. He put forward the idea that local records belong to geographical books, which is contrary to the traditional theory that local records belong to geographical books. Although this view has some defects, it has a great effect on reversing the literary defects after Ming Dynasty and improving the status of ancient books. He advocated that the compilation of local chronicles should be based on various histories, and should be governed by the historical times. He believed that the compilation of local chronicles should highlight the characteristics of "collection and examination", "data support" and "compiling words and records must be recorded in the original book", and avoid flashiness and emptiness. Li Fu's local records theory has its unique and incisive points, which made a great contribution to the formal establishment of local records in the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties.

The Eight Banners general annals compiled by him collected and sorted out a large number of materials, consulted a large number of files of the inner court, and visited many emperors, Qi and nobles. On this basis

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