Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084-1155) was a native of Jinan. Song Dynasty poetess, the representative of graceful CI school, is known as "the most talented woman of all ages".

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. She lived well in her early days. Her father, Li Gefei, had a rich collection of books. As a child, she laid a literary foundation in a good family environment. After getting married, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and collation of calligraphy and painting stones. When the Jin soldiers occupied the Central Plains, they lived in the South and suffered from loneliness. In the early stage, he wrote more about his leisurely life, and in the later stage, he lamented his life experience and sentimental mood. In the form, he is good at using the technique of white line drawing, creating his own way, and his language is clear and beautiful. On CI, it emphasizes harmony, advocates elegance, puts forward the theory that CI is not a family, and opposes the way of writing poetry. It is different from the style of CI.

There are Li Yi'an collection, Yi'an Jushi collection and Yi'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations compiled "Shu Yu Ji" and "Shu Yu Ci". Now there is a collection of Li Qingzhao.

Life of the characters

Family background

Li Qingzhao was born into a family of literati who loved literature and art. His father, Li Gefei, was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan. He was a student of Su Shi, a Jinshi. He was an official and a member of the Ministry of rites. He has a rich collection of books and is good at writing. On the south side of the north wall of Dongzhai of Konglin Sitang in Qufu, the first stone tablet inscription reads: "tidian Xingju, Lixia ligefei, on the 28th day of the first month of the first year of Chongning (1102), he worshipped Linzhong." Her mother is the granddaughter of Wang Gongchen, the number one scholar, who is very literate.

Adhering to family studies

Li Qingzhao lived in a family with a strong literary atmosphere when he was young. He was influenced by his family learning, and he was intelligent and brilliant. Therefore, "he has a poetic reputation since he was young, and his talent is brilliant and close to his predecessors" (bijimanzhi by Wang Zhuo), which was highly praised by Chao Buzhi, a famous writer and Su Shi's disciple at that time. According to Zhu Bian's fengyuetang Shihua, Li Qingzhao is "good at writing, especially in poetry, and Chao Wujiu is often referred to as a scholar bureaucrat". The 46th volume of Shuo Ying quoted Rui GUI Tang's leisure record as saying that she was "talented, knowledgeable and fresh in modern times". In other volumes of Pingzhou Ke Tan, Zhu Yu claimed that she was "worthy of being an ancient author of poetry and prose".

Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing with his father when he was young. His elegant living environment, especially the prosperous scene of Kyoto, stimulated his enthusiasm for writing. Besides composing poems, he began to make a figure in the world of Ci, and wrote the famous poem "Ru Meng Ling" (rain and wind last night), which was widely recited by later generations. As soon as the word came out, it caused a sensation in the whole capital. "At that time, there were no literati who were able to do it" (Volume 54 of yaoshantang waiji).

After reading the famous poem reading Zhongxing Songbei, Li Qingzhao immediately wrote two amazing poems: Suxi Zhongxing Songshi and Zhang Wenqian. This poem reviews the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty, and sums up the historical lessons of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty before and after the "an Shi rebellion". By mocking the emperor of the Tang and Ming Dynasties, it warns the rulers of the Song Dynasty that "the Xia and Shang Dynasties should learn from each other, and the history of simple policies should be present.". A girl who has just entered into the world can not but show such deep concern and worry about her country and country. Therefore, Zhou's Qingbo magazine in the Song Dynasty holds that these two poems are "written by women, not by thoughtful people?" Chen Hongxu's "cold night record" in Ming Dynasty commented on these two poems: "strange gas overflows, taste a tripod, known as hump, Linfu Yi."

Harp and chord

In 1101, the first year of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao was 18 years old and married Zhao Mingcheng, a 21-year-old student in Bianjing. According to Li Qingzhao in "Jinshi Lu Hou Xu," said: "Yu Jianzhong Xinsi, began to return to Zhao." At that time, Li Qingzhao's father was the Minister of rites, wailang, and Zhao Mingcheng's father was the Minister of officials. Although Li Qingzhao and his wife are "sons of the noble family", they are "poor and thrifty in Zhao and Li families". Therefore, when Zhao Mingcheng, who is studying in Taixue, goes home to reunite with his wife on the first and tenth day of junior high school, he often goes to the pawnshop to pledge some clothes and exchange some money, and then goes into the busy Xiangguo Temple market to buy back their favorite inscriptions and fruits. The ancient and mysterious inscriptions lead them to the remote historical era, bring them a unique cultural and artistic enjoyment, and make them feel as if they were in the carefree ancient times, so they are "the people of Ge Tian".

Two years later, Zhao Mingcheng entered the official career. Although he had an independent source of income, the couple still lived a very frugal life, and set up the ambition of "being poor and desperate, and making the best of the world's ancient and strange words". Although the Zhao family has a rich collection of books, it is far from enough for Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng. So they tried to borrow the rare and precious secret books collected by the imperial court through the old friends and relatives, and "tried their best to write them, and felt that they had a good taste. In the case of celebrity painting, calligraphy, three generations of strange tools, even at the "strip Market easy.". However, their power is limited. Once, someone took a painting of peony by Xu Xi, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and asked for 200000 yuan. They stayed at home for two nights and couldn't put it down. However, unable to figure out what to do, they reluctantly returned it to others. For this reason, "couples feel sorry for each other for a few days.". The newly married life, though poor, is quiet and harmonious, elegant and interesting, full of happiness and joy.

Unfortunately, it didn't last long. The fierce old and new party struggle within the imperial court involved the Li family. In the second year after Li Qingzhao's marriage, that is, in July of the first year of Chongning (1102), Huizong of Song Dynasty, his father Li Gefei was included in the Yuanyou party membership and was not allowed to work in the capital. At that time, 17 people were listed as Party members, and Li Gefei was the fifth. He was dismissed and promoted to Jingdong road prison. In September, huizongqin wrote a list of Yuanyou party members, carved stone Duanli gate, a total of 120 people, Li Gefei ranked 26th. In the same year, however, Zhao Tingzhi was promoted all the way. In June he got rid of Youcheng, the minister, and in August he got rid of zuocheng, the minister. In order to save his father, Li Qingzhao once wrote a poem about Zhao Tingzhi. In this regard, Zhang Chang said: "to save his father, Zhao Tingzhi said:" not to mention the love between father and son in the world, those who know it mourn. " (preface to the records of famous gardens in Luoyang) Chao Gongwu also said: "gefeinu is famous for her talent. Her uncle Zhengfu (ting) was in the reign of Emperor Huizong, and Li's poem said:" a hot hand can be warm-hearted or cold. " (Jun Zhai Du Shu Zhi) Unfortunately, it didn't work. After being dismissed from office, Li Gefei had to return to Mingshui with his family.

The party struggle in the imperial court became more and more fierce, and the accusation that Li Ge was not a member of Yuanyou party was implicated in Li Qingzhao. In September of 1103, the second year of Chongning, Gengyin issued an imperial edict forbidding Yuanyou's children to live in Beijing, while Xinsi issued an imperial edict: "the clan shall not marry Yuanyou's traitors." In 1104, the third year of Chongning, "Xia, April, jiachenshuo, the son of the Party member of Shangshu provincial Exploration Association, no matter whether he is an official or not, he ordered him to live outside and not to go to the palace without permission" (xuzizhitongjian, Volume 88). According to this, Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng, the original loving couple, not only face the danger of being separated, but also the huge Bianjing has no place for Li Qingzhao, so they have to leave Beijing alone to return to their hometown and go to their families who were sent back first.

The political situation is changeable and the world is unpredictable. In the late spring of the fourth year of Chongning (1105), Zhao Ting began to get rid of the right servant of Shangshu and the Minister of Zhongshu. In June, "because of his struggle for power with (CAI) Jing, he repeatedly told his evils, and asked him to go to the throne to avoid them", so he begged his right servant to shoot (Biography of Zhao Ting, the history of Song Dynasty). Only half a year later, in February of the fifth year of Chongning (1106), Cai Jing dismissed his prime minister, and Zhao Tingzhi re granted the right servant of Shangshu and the Minister of Zhongshu. At the same time, the imperial court destroyed the tablet of Yuanyou party members, and then granted amnesty to the whole world and lifted the ban on all Party members. Li Gefei and others "ordered the Ministry of officials and the prison temple to send them" (Volume 26 of xuzizhi Tongjian Shibu), and Li Qingzhao was able to return to Bianjing and reunite with Zhao Mingcheng. However, in the first month of the first year of song Huizong's Grand View (1107), Cai Jing came back, and the ruthless political disaster fell to the Zhao family. In March, Zhao Tingzhi died five days after being shot by his right servant. Three days after his death, he was framed by Cai Jing. The family members and relatives who were in Beijing were arrested and jailed. Because of the lack of facts, they were jailed in July and released soon after. However, Zhao Tingzhi's official gift was seized, and his son's official seal was lost. It was difficult for the Zhao family to stay in the capital. Li Qingzhao had no choice but to follow the Zhao family back to his private home in Qingzhou and began to live in the village.

Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng lived in Qingzhou in the autumn of 1107, the first year of song Huizong's grand view. The next year, Li Qingzhao, 25, ordered his room to be called "return hall" and called himself "Yi'an Jushi".

The meaning of "return hall" is derived from Tao Yuanming's Ci of returning home. At that time, Chao Buzhi, a writer who once highly praised Qingzhao, and Li Qingzhao's father both retired from office as a member of the party, and called themselves "returned son". Chao Buzhi built "guiqulaiyuan" in his hometown of Luocheng (now Jinxiang, Shandong Province). The halls, pavilions and pavilions in the garden were named after the words in "guiqulaixi Ci" (see the record of the returned son's name of Luocheng). Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng named their study as "return hall" because they admired Chao Buzhi and imitated it later. In guiqulaixi Ci, there is a sentence "lean on the south window to be proud, and judge Yi'an of the knee". Qingzhao is called "Yi'an Jushi", which should also take its elegant meaning. In the "return hall", although Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng lost their rich life in the former capital prime minister's mansion, they got the infinite pleasure of living in the peaceful countryside. They supported each other and studied literature and creation; they lived frugally and searched for gold and stone

Chinese PinYin : Li Qing Zhao