Li Xian

Li Xian

Tang Zhongzong Li Xian

(November 26, 656 to July 3, 710), formerly known as

Li Zhe

He was born in Chengji (now Qin'an County, Gansu Province) in Longxi. The fourth emperor of Tang Dynasty is the seventh son of Li Zhi and the third son of Wu Zetian. He reigned twice from 683 to 684 and from 705 to 710.

In November of the first year of Xianqing (656), Li Xian was born in Chang'an. He was the king of Zhou at the beginning, and then the king of England. After Zhang Huai's Prince Li Xian was abolished, Li Xian was made the crown prince. Hongdao first year (683) is the emperor, Empress Dowager Wu Zetian said system. In the first year of guangzhai (684), he was abolished as the king of Luling and moved to Junzhou, Fangzhou and other places successively. In the first year of the holy calendar (698), Luoyang was called back to be the crown prince. The first year of Shenlong (705) was restored in Tongtian palace. During the reign of Li Xian, the old system of Tang Dynasty was restored, rent and taxes were exempted, ten patrol envoys were set up, and Bachelor of arts were set up. After defeating the post Turks, the Tang Dynasty began to control Monan for a long time again. Develop economic and cultural exchanges with Tubo, and marry Princess Jincheng to Tubo zanpuchidai Zhudan.

Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, was in power twice. He was in power for five and a half years. He died at Renwu in June of the fourth year of Jinglong (710). He died at the age of 55. His posthumous title was Dahe Dasheng, Emperor Zhaoxiao and temple name

Zhongzong

, buried in Dingling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

In November of the first year of Xianqing (656), Li Xian was born in Chang'an. He was the king of Zhou at the beginning, and then the king of England. After the death and abolition of his two brothers Li Hong and Li Xian, Li Xian was made the crown prince.

In the first month of the second year of kaiyao (682), Li Xian's eldest son, Li chongrun, was born. In order to express his joy, Emperor Gaozong changed his name to Yongchun when Li chongrun was at the full moon, and for the first time established this infant grandson as his great grandson.

In December of the first year of Hongdao (683), after Li Zhibing, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, died, Li Xian succeeded to the throne on the first day of the same month.

The first year of Sisheng (684) was changed to Sisheng. Because Li Xianyong was weak and incompetent, he respected Empress Wu as empress dowager. Pei Yan was assisted by the imperial edict, and his political affairs were all decided by Wu Zetian. Li Xian tried to form his own group by reusing the relatives of empress Wei. Li Xian promoted Wei XuanZhen, the father of empress Wei, from Puzhou army to governor of Yuzhou, and wanted to be promoted to minister (Prime Minister). Pei Yan immediately said no. Li Xian said angrily, "I give Wei XuanZhen all the gifts from the world. Are you still stingy of a servant?" Pei Yan reported to Wu Zetian, who was very angry with Zhongzong. In February, after 55 days as emperor, Li Xian was deposed as king of Luling by Empress Wu Zetian and demoted from Chang'an. Later, Li Dan, the younger brother of Zhongzong, became the puppet emperor, namely Ruizong.

Abandoned Luling

Li Xian has been under house arrest in Junzhou (now Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province) and Fangzhou (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) for 14 years, only accompanied by his concubine Wei. The two are dependent on each other and have experienced the hardships of life. Not long after he was imprisoned, Li Dan abdicated, and her mother Empress Wu Zetian ascended to the throne of the emperor and became a empress of the generation. After hearing this, Zhongzong was also frightened. During this period, the mutiny of Xu Jingye and others took place in Yangzhou. Before long, Li Chong, the king of Langya, and Li Zhen, the king of Yue, also set up troops one after another. They all fought against Wu Zetian and kuangfulu. This situation not only did not let the deposed emperor Zhongzong see much light of hope. On the contrary, it intensified the inner fear. Zhongzong has been in a state of anxiety for many years. He often wakes up in nightmares after sleeping at night. Whenever he heard that Wu Zetian sent envoys to live in Fangling, he was terrified and wanted to commit suicide. Webster comforted him and said, "there is no common sense to rely on misfortune and fortune. How can one not die? Why go immediately." Since then, Li Xian and Webster have shared weal and woe for many years, and their friendship is very deep. Li Xian made a wish to Webster that he would never let her down if he saw the sun again one day.

After Wu Zetian became emperor, who will inherit the throne has been bothering her all the time. She hesitated about whether to establish a son or a nephew. At this time, di Renjie said: "Emperor Taizong, taking advantage of the wind and rain, personally risked his swords and arrows to pacify the world; Emperor Gaozong entrusted his two sons to his majesty. His majesty wanted to abdicate his family, which is against the will of heaven. And who are your cousins and your mother and son? If your majesty sets up a son, he will live forever. If he sets up a nephew, he has never heard of his nephew offering sacrifices to his aunt Wu Zetian immediately realized. On that day, Wu Zetian said to di Renjie, "I dream that the wings of a parrot are broken. What's the sign?" Di Renjie borrows the title to play: "Wu, your Majesty's surname. Two wings, two sons. Your majesty uses two sons to fly high. " At this point, Wu Zetian made up her mind.

In March of the first year of the holy calendar (698), under the pretext that Li Xian was ill and needed to go to Luoyang for treatment, Wu Zetian sent his staff member wailang xuyanbo to secretly recall Li Xian and his family. Li Xian returned to Luoyang after his exile. In September, Wu Zetian re established Li Xian as the crown prince. After being re established as the crown prince, Li Xian kept a low profile and paid attention to the relationship with his mother's Wu family. For this motive, he decided to marry Wu. In this way, his daughter, Princess Yongtai, married Wu Yanji, the nephew of Wu Zetian, and became the daughter-in-law of Wu Chengsi, the king of Wei; her youngest daughter, Princess Anle, married Wu chongxun, another nephew of Wu Zetian, and became the daughter-in-law of Wu Sansi, the king of Liang. It is no doubt that Zhongzong wanted to establish his position through nepotism when he got married with the Wu family.

In September of the first year of Chang'an (701), Li chongrun and Princess Yongtai were very young. They were deeply dissatisfied with their grandmother's trust in Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong brothers. Zhang Yizhi told Wu Zetian that they slandered the imperial court. As a result, Wu Zetian forced Li chongrun, Lord Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji to commit suicide. However, Wu Zetian didn't go into it deeply because she didn't have much to do with it.

Second time as Emperor

In the fourth year of Chang'an (704), Wu Zetian was ill and lived in Yingxian palace. Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong served her, and outsiders were not allowed to enter. The ministers of the central court, headed by Zhang Cambodian, Cui Xuanwei, Jinghui, Huan yanfan and Yuan Shuji, also secretly planned to get rid of Zhang and establish Zhongzong.

In 705, the 82 year old Wu Zetian was seriously ill. In January, Prime Minister Zhang Cambodian, right Yulin General Li duozuo, and Zuo Weiwei general Xue Sixing launched a dragon coup. They led more than 500 Yulin troops into Xuanwu Gate and killed Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong in Yingxian palace. On this day, Prime Minister Wang Lidan also led the Nanya soldiers to strengthen the guard and cooperate with the action. Wu Zetian had no choice but to give the crown prince a shilling to supervise the country and pass on the throne the next day. One day later, Li Xian regained his throne and granted amnesty to the whole world.

He first named his younger brother Li Dan as the Prime Minister of the state of an, worshipping Taiwei and tongzhongshu, and then added the title of Zhenguo Taiping princess to his younger sister, Princess Taiping, in recognition of their support. Zhang cambozhi, Cui Xuanwei and others also joined the ranks. In February, the title of the restoration of the state was Tang Dynasty. The system of yiyingdian was established. It was found that the restoration of the state was carried out before Yongchun of Tang Dynasty.

After the restoration, Li Xian immediately made Wei as Queen, and regardless of the minister's dissuasion, he made an exception to make Wei's father king, and let Wei take part in the government, but he did not trust Zhang Cambodian and other meritorious officials. Marry Princess Anle, the daughter of empress Wei, to Wu chongxun, the son of Wu Sansi. He granted Shangguan Wan'er Zhaorong. She was taught to be in charge of making orders, drafting imperial edicts and controlling the power of life and death. Empress Wei had an ambiguous relationship with Wu Sansi. Empress Wei trusted Wu Sansi and formed a powerful political force to control the government. Li Xian can do nothing about it.

The death of a character

In June of 710, Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, died at the age of 55. Buried in Dingling (now Fenghuang mountain, 15 miles northwest of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province). In the same month, Zhongzong's youngest son, Wenwang chongmao, was established as Emperor (historically known as Tangshang emperor), and changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Tanglong", which was named by Empress Wei in the imperial court, in order to repeat the story of Empress Wu. In June of the same year, Li Longji, the third son of prime minister Dan, King Linzi, united with his Gu Taiping Princess and made friends with Ge Fushun and Chen Xuanli, the generals of the imperial guards. He killed empress Wei, Princess Anle, Zhuwei and Wu with his soldiers. It is known as the Tang Long coup in history. It was the abolition of Shaodi and the restoration of his father, Li Dan, to Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. From then on, the throne of the Tang Dynasty was transferred to the Li Dan family until the death of the Tang Dynasty.

Political initiatives

Politics

In order to show his trust in Wei, Li Xian also promoted Wei XuanZhen to a servant in spite of public opposition. Li Xiannian, who was full of energy, blurted out to Pei Yan: "I give Wei XuanZhen everything from the world. Do you still grudge a servant?". In February of the first year of Sisheng (684), Wu Zetian summoned all officials to Qianyuan palace. Pei Yan, Liu Weizhi, the Minister of Zhongshu, and Cheng Wuting, the general of Yulin, led the imperial guards into the palace. They announced the order of empress dowager, abolished Li Xian as the king of Luling, and exiled him to Junzhou. Li Xian cried out, "what's my fault?" Wu Zetian replied, "it's not a big sin for you to give the world to Wei XuanZhen.". Therefore, Li Xian became the king of Luling.

The first thing Li Xian did when he came to power was to make sure that Wei's identity as Queen was clear. Wu Zetian taught the first lesson, but Li Xiansi did not learn a lesson and allowed Wei to take part in the government.

After becoming the crown prince again, Li Xian paid great attention to the relationship with his mother's family surnamed Wu. For this motive, he decided to marry Wu. He married his daughter, Princess Yongtai, to Wu Yanji, the nephew of Wu Zetian and the son of Wu Chengsi, the king of Wei, and his youngest daughter, Princess Anle, to Wu chongxun, another nephew of Wu Zetian. Li Xian's marriage with the Wu family is undoubtedly to establish his position through nepotism.

In September of the first year of Chang'an (701), his son Li chongrun and Princess Yongtai were very young. They were deeply dissatisfied with their grandmother's trust in Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong brothers. Zhang Yizhi told Wu Zetian that they slandered the imperial court. As a result, Wu Zetian forced Li chongrun, Princess Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji to commit suicide. However, Wu Zetian didn't go deep into it because she didn't have much to do with it

Chinese PinYin : Li Xian