Li Deyu

Li Deyu

Li Deyu (787-850) was born in Zanhuang County of Zhao county (now Zanhuang County of Hebei Province). Li Jifu, the second son of Zhongshu, was an outstanding statesman, litterateur and strategist in Tang Dynasty.

Born in the West ancestral house of the Li family in Zhao county, he is ambitious and full of classics and history. He became an official with menyin. He set up a scholar, moved to supervise the censor, transferred to Hanlin bachelor and Zhongshu Sheren, and successively held the posts of Zhexi observation envoy, Bingbu Shilang, Zhenghua Jiedushi, Xichuan Jiedushi, Bingbu Shangshu, Shannan Xidao Jiedushi, Zhongshu Shilang, Zhenhai Jiedushi, Huainan Jiedushi, etc. He went through the four dynasties of Xianzong, muzong, Jingzong and Wenzong. He once became prime minister in the dynasty, and was pushed out of Beijing many times by the struggle between Niu and Li. After Tang Wuzong ascended the throne, he became prime minister and was in power for five years. Huihe and Zelu were conquered outside, redundant officials were eliminated and eunuchs were controlled. They made great achievements. They were worshipped as Taiwei and granted the title of Duke of Zhao. Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty and Li Deyu's monarchs and ministers knew each other, and they became the best singers in the late Tang Dynasty. After succeeding to the throne, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was demoted to be the governor of Yazhou. In December of the third year of Dazhong (850), he died in Yazhou at the age of 64. Tang Yizong ascended the throne, recovered the official rank, and presented the minister Zuo pushe.

Li Shangyin's Huichang yipinji was praised as "eternal good prime minister" when he wrote the preface. In modern times, Liang Qichao juxtaposed him with Guan Zhong, Shang Yang, Zhuge Liang, Wang Anshi and Zhang Juzheng, and became one of the six great statesmen in feudal times.

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Life of the characters

Early experience

Li Deyu was very ambitious since he was a child. He studied Confucian classics and history. He was especially good at Hanshu and Zuozhuan, but he didn't like to take part in the imperial examination. Later, he became an official and became a scholar. During the Yuanhe period, Li Deyu was appointed prime minister by his father Li Jifu. In order to avoid suspicion, Li Deyu was appointed as the shogunate in the vassal towns.

Working in Taiwan Province

In 816, Zhang Hongjing left the town of Taiyuan and served as the governor of Hedong. Li Deyu was appointed secretary in charge, and was awarded Dali to judge the affairs and the Royal censor in the palace. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Zhang Hongjing left office and returned to the court. Li Deyu, on the other hand, was appointed the censor of supervision and returned to Taiwan Province. In 820, Emperor Mu Zong of Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Li Deyu was called into the Hanlin academy as a Bachelor of Hanlin. When mu Zongshang was in the East Palace, he had known the name of Li Jifu, so he attached great importance to Li Deyu and often asked him to draft the imperial edict system. Li Deyu was also called to the ideological and political hall to ask the right questions. He was given purple clothes and goldfish bags. Later, he was given the title of garrison member wailang. In the first year of Changqing (821), Li Deyu, in view of the phenomenon that his relatives were involved in politics at that time, said: "in the old rule of this dynasty, the emperor's son-in-law was not allowed to associate with important officials of the imperial court, especially in the reign of Xuanzong. Recently, the son-in-law often goes to the private houses of the prime minister and the important officials, sometimes divulging secrets and making friends with each other, which is a great disadvantage. Your Majesty would like to announce that the prime minister, his son-in-law and other royal relatives and relatives will meet with the prime minister in Zhongshu province for any official business in the future. They should not visit private houses. " Tang Mu Zong agreed. Soon after, Li Deyu changed his position as a doctor of merit and learned how to make a patent.

Out of town in Western Zhejiang

In the second year of Changqing (822), Li Deyu changed his post to Zhongshu Sheren, and still served as an academician. Li Fengji had a grudge with Li Jifu during the Yuanhe period, so he ordered his party members to reject Li Deyu. Finally, Li Deyu was removed from the position of Hanlin bachelor and was granted the title of Zhongcheng. In June, Li Fengji paid homage to his prime minister and wanted to introduce Niu sengru. At that time, both Li Deyu and Niu sengru had the hope of paying respects to each other. Li Fengji was worried that Li Deyu would destroy the incident, so that he could be released as an observation envoy in Western Zhejiang in September. Niu sengru was given the title of Tongping Zhangshi and worshipped as prime minister. When Li Deyu took office in Western Zhejiang, he was just after Wang Guoqing's rebellion. His predecessor's observation made Dou Yizhi do his best to supply the army, which made the soldiers arrogant and the Treasury short of money. Li Deyu bowed himself to save money, tried to cut down expenses, and provided all the surplus for the army. Although he did not give enough, the soldiers did not complain. He got rid of the old and bad habits, enlightened the people with Confucian ethics, and brought those who did not receive education to justice. Within a few years, all the evils in Jiangnan were eliminated. According to the local chronicles, Li Deyu also reorganized the local ancestral temples, preserved the ancestral temples dedicated to the former famous officials and empresses, demolished all the other 110 immoral temples in the four prefectures, and demolished 1460 private mountain houses to eliminate the thieves. In 824, Emperor Jingzong of Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Jingzong was young and extravagant. Although he once ordered that all regions should not contribute, he soon sent envoys to collect tribute. In July, Emperor Jingzong of Tang ordered the west of Zhejiang to pay tribute to Zhiyao cosmetics. A total of 23000 taels of silver and 13000 taels of gold were needed. Considering the financial difficulties at that time, Li Deyu's apportionment would increase the burden of the people, so he went to the imperial court to talk about the current situation in Western Zhejiang, and asked the imperial court to stop making grease and cosmetics. Before long, the court ordered western Zhejiang to offer 1000 pieces of silk. Li Deyu went to Shanghai again, taking the story that Taizong ordered Li Daliang to stop offering famous eagles and Xuanzong banned catching birds in Jiangnan as a warning, strongly admonishing Jingzong to follow the example of Taizong and Xuanzong, learn from the simple fashion of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, and request to stop entering Miaolin. It was adopted by Tang Jingzong. However, when Li Fengji was in power, Li Deyu could not return to the DPRK.

Governing Xichuan

In the second year of Baoli (826), Tang Wenzong succeeded to the throne and granted Li Deyu the title of minister of inspection and learning. In the third year of Taihe (829), Li Deyu was called to be the Minister of the Ministry of war, and Pei Du planned to recommend him as the prime minister. However, Li Zongmin, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, was the first to worship the prime minister because of the help of the eunuch. He worried that Li Deyu would threaten his position and release him as Zheng Hua's envoy. Although Li Deyu was far away from the imperial court for eight years in the west of Zhejiang Province, he often discussed politics. Less than ten days after he returned to the court, he was excluded from Beijing by Li Zongmin. Fortunately, Zheng Qin, who was in charge of the imperial edict, praised Li Deyu. Despite the rumors spread by Li Zongmin's party, Wen Zong's wish to recruit Li Deyu back to Korea was never broken. In 830, Li Zongmin recommended Niu sengru as prime minister. All officials who were friendly to Li Deyu were excluded from the court. In October of the same year, Li Deyu was given the titles of secretary of the military department of the inspection school, Chengdu Yin, governor of Xichuan in Jiannan, governor of Internal observation and disposal, and eight Yunnan appeasement envoys in Xishan. Although Pei Du had an old favor with Li Zongmin, he was also resented by Li Zongmin for recommending Li Deyu. He was removed from the post of prime minister and released as the governor of Shannan Xidao. Niu sengru and Li Zongmin were powerful for a while. At that time, Xichuan was just after the invasion of Nanzhao, and the people were in dire need of livelihood, while Guo Zhao, the former governor, was unable to govern because of illness. After Li Deyu took office, he began to rectify the border defense. He spent a month investigating the local mountains, towns, roads and passes, and drawing military maps related to Nanzhao and Tubo. At the same time, Li Deyu sent envoys to Nanzhao and asked Nanzhao to repatriate the captured craftsmen. Nanzhao then released more than 4000 captured monks and craftsmen back to the Tang Dynasty. He governed Xichuan for two years, rejected Tubo in the west, and Nanping was winding. The territory was peaceful, and people's livelihood recovered slightly.

As prime minister

In 832, Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty called Li Deyu into the court and worshipped him as the Minister of the Ministry of war. At the same time, he dismissed Niu sengru as the governor of Huainan. In February of the seventh year of Taihe (833), Li Deyu paid homage to the prime minister and granted Tongping Zhangshi the title. He was granted the title of "Bo" in Zanhuang county and 700 households in Shiyi. In June, Tang Wenzong removed Li Zongmin from the post of prime minister and let Li Deyu take over the post of Zhongshu Shilang and Jixian hall bachelor. In 834, Tang Wenzong was ill. Zheng Zhu offered medicine to Wenzong through eunuch Wang Shoucheng, and Li Xun introduced it into the palace to explain the book of changes, which was highly valued by Wenzong. Because of his integrity, Li Deyu was hated and excluded by Li Xun and Zheng Zhu. In September, Li Zongmin was recalled to the capital and worshipped as prime minister, while Li Deyu was dismissed as Xingyuan envoy. He entered the palace and told himself that he did not want to live in a vassal town. However, Li Zongmin said that the imperial edict had been issued and should not be changed. Soon after, Li Deyu changed his post to Zuo pushe, the inspector general, the governor of Runzhou, the governor of Zhenhai Navy, and Su Changhang run observation.

To be released again

After Li Deyu arrived in the west of Zhejiang Province, Du Zhongyang (DU qiuniang) was placed in the Taoist temple. Du Zhongyang was the adoptive mother of Li Cuo, the king of Zhang. Because the king of Zhang was convicted, he was released to his hometown of Runzhou. In the ninth year of Taihe (835), the Minister of state Zuo Cheng, Wang Yu, and Li Han, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, jointly played on the song, saying that Li Deyu bribed Du Zhongyang and wanted to make friends with the king of Zhang. Tang Wenzong called Wang Ya, Li Guyan, Lu Sui, Wang Yao, Li Han, Zheng Zhu and others to Penglai hall to testify the matter. Wang Yu and Li Han tried to confirm that Lu Sui said: "Li Deyu will never be like this. If it's true, as Wang Yu and Li Han said, "I'm also guilty." However, Li Deyu was eventually demoted as a guest of the crown prince, who was responsible for the affairs of Dongdu, and Lu Sui was soon removed from the post of prime minister. In April of the same year, Tang Wenzong fell ill, and the Prime Minister Wang Ya called Li Deyu to Beijing to explore the disease. Li Deyu stayed in Luoyang instead of going to Chang'an. At this time, Li Deyu was denounced, saying that when he was in Xichuan, he had collected 300000 yuan (a loan secured by property), which made the people suffer. As a result, Li Deyu was demoted as the chief historian of Yuanzhou. Later, Li Zongmin and Li Han were demoted for forming a party, and Wang Xun and Li Xun were executed by eunuchs in the change of Ganlu. Tang Wenzong realized that Li Deyu had been framed in the party struggle. In the first year of Kaicheng (836), Li Deyu was awarded the title of Yinqing Guanglu doctor and Chuzhou governor. In November, Tang Wenzong appointed Li Deyu as the Secretary of the Department of inspection and the observer of Western Zhejiang. This is the third time that Li Deyu has been out of the town of Western Zhejiang. In the second year of Kaicheng (837), Li Deyu took over the post of Niu sengru as governor of Yangzhou and governor of Huainan.

Huichang assistant government

In the fifth year of Kaicheng (839), Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty took over the throne, recalled Li Deyu from Huainan to the imperial court, worshipped him as the prime minister, and granted him the title of "Shiying" and "pingzhangshi". At that time, Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty ignored the government and went hunting many times,

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