Li Shizhen

Li Shizhen

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Li Shizhen (1619.4-1695.3) was born in Dongyu village, kuiju Street office, Changyi City, Shandong Province. He served as the governor of Zhejiang, governor of Jiangxi and governor of Guangdong.

Li Shizhen was born in 1619, the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, in the northern part of the jiangjiadawan in Changyi city. He was a young man who was in charge of business. "All the people of his clan have a long history.". In 1642, the Qing army invaded Henan, Shandong and other places for the second time, and Changyi fell, which was known as "Renwu war". During the war, Li Shizhen, 23, was captured by the Qing army. At the beginning of the second year, Li Shizhen, the commander of the Qing army, came to Liaodong with the army. Li Xiquan, the assistant leader of Zhengbai banner, regarded him as an adopted son, so he changed his surname from Jiang to Li. Although Li Shizhen was an official all his life, he never forgot that he was a member of the Jiang family. He was an official all his life, diligent and honest, and loved by the people. He won a reputation for the Jiang family and set a good example for the people. With his reputation and actions, Li Shizhen made friends with the clan and promoted the unity and development of the Jiang family.

Life of the characters

Li Shizhen of Changyi, originally surnamed Jiang, was captured in the flag at the end of Ming Dynasty

During the reign of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiang Xi, the ancestor of the Jiang family, moved to beichahezhuang (now Gaogezhuang) in Changyi from haitongling, Eastern mouning, in order to avoid the financial turmoil. Jiang Wenqing, the descendant of Jiang Xi, also moved to yanjiaan village in Liutuan Town, Changyi from Huangxian County, Dengzhou Prefecture. For hundreds of years, the Jiang family of Changyi has always adhered to the tradition of farming and studying, especially the medical skills. Since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Jiang Shubao was a local medical officer, and his family's medical voice was very strong. Since the sixth generation of Jiang boring, his family became an official through the imperial examination, and Jiang boring official went to Fengxiang mansion in nanzhili to pass judgment; the ninth generation of Jiang Muruo, Li Shizhen's grandfather, was fond of studying and learning the way of imperial examination when he was young, and later he was born in Yixiang. Jiang Muruo had three sons, Jiang Tuo, Jiang Tao and Jiang Yan, who was Li Shizhen's father.
In 1642, the Qing army invaded Henan, Shandong and other places for the second time, and Changyi fell, which was known as "Renwu war". During the war, Li Shizhen's father Jiang Yan, his brother Jiang Shizhen, his clansmen Jiang Xingfa and Jiang Xunfa all died in martyrdom. At the age of 23, Li Shizhen (then Jiang Shizhen) was captured by the Qing army.
At the beginning of 1643, Li Shizhen, the commander of the Qing army, came to Liaodong with the army. Li Xiquan, the assistant leader of Zhengbai banner, regarded him as an adopted son, so he changed his surname from Jiang to Li.

Officials of Qing Dynasty

Li Shizhen (1619.4-1695.3) was born in Dongyu village, kuiju Street office, Changyi City, Shandong Province. He served as the governor of Zhejiang, governor of Jiangxi and governor of Guangdong. Li Shizhen was born in 1619, the father of Cao Xueqin's grandmother. Li Shizhen, by virtue of his prominent position in the imperial court and his special marriage with Kangxi, made his son Li Xu take office in Suzhou in his twenties and supervise the salt industry. Later, Li's daughter Li Yuegui, Li Shizhen's younger brother, married Cao Yin (then Jiangning weaving, Cao Xueqin's grandfather). Because of their important positions in weaving, supervision of salt affairs, and the relationship between the two families, both Li and Cao became prosperous. Especially in the last years of Kangxi, after the accumulation of Li Xu and Cao Yin in officialdom and economy, the two became famous aristocrats. However, due to their relatives' enmity with the royal family of the Qing Dynasty, they were later exiled and went to ruin. Seeing the family from prosperity to decline, Cao Xueqin wrote a world masterpiece a dream of Red Mansions. Jiang's family is one of the Wangs in the ancient city of Changyi. Jiang Shizhen has five brothers, ranking second. His father, Jiang Yan, is a well respected local squire. On the eighth day of December in Renwu year, tens of thousands of Qing soldiers surrounded Changyi and fought for eight days and nights. On the sixteenth night, Changyi fell. County magistrate Li cuixiu and more than 70 officials and gentry all died bravely. Jiang Shizhen's father, Jiang Yan, and his brother, Jiang Shizhen, were among the martyrs. Jiang Shizhen, who was 23 years old at that time, was captured by the Qing army. Later, Li Xiquan, the assistant leader of the white flag, recognized Jiang Shizhen as his adopted son when he saw that he understood calligraphy etiquette. In order to save his life, Jiang Shizhen took the flag man as his father, changed his surname to Li, and entered the flag nationality. Since then, it has laid the foundation for Li Shizhen to move towards the noble and powerful families of the Qing Dynasty, and also opened the prelude to the rise and fall of the prototype of Ning and Rong in a dream of Red Mansions. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Li Shizhen took the 16th place in the imperial court with the qualification of Gongsheng. He was awarded the judge of salt transportation in Changlu (Cangzhou). Later, Qingyun went straight up. He successively served as the deputy of Hedong transportation, Lianghuai transportation, Anqing and Yan'an prefects, Jining Dao political participation, Hudong political emissary, Henan Provincial emissary, Zhejiang provincial emissary and Jiangxi provincial governor. He was granted the title of Guanglu doctor and the right deputy governor of the supervisory yuan History. On March 22, 1695, Li Shizhen died of illness at the age of 75.

Contributed to the stabilization of San Francisco and the situation in the southeast

In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), the Qing government elected talents in the eight banners. Li Shizhen took the 16th place as a Gongsheng and was awarded the Changlu (Cangzhou) salt transport judge. At that time, the Qing army went south in a large scale, and the people in Cangzhou were in a panic. Li Shizhen took great care of them, and the people relied on them for security. In 1650, Li Shizhen was promoted to Vice Minister of salt transportation in Hedong, Tongzhi of salt transportation in Huaihe River and Huaihe River in 1651 and anqing Prefecture in 1653. Anqing was an important water and land base. When the Qing army went south to fight, it would pass Anqing. In order to alleviate the inconvenience brought by the army to the local people, Li Shizhen tried his best to adjust and make the government affairs orderly, but he was "exhausted". Li Shizhen did not dare to ask him for private affairs when he was in charge of clean operation. In dealing with cases, he was fair and strict, and was deeply loved by the people.
After the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Li Shizhen successively served as the magistrate of Yan'an Prefecture in Shaanxi Province, the Deputy envoy of yinchasi in Guangdong Province, the Deputy envoy of Yanghe Dao in Shanxi Province, and the political adviser of Shanxi Province. Later, he was dismissed due to his lack of posts. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Li Shizhen made up the East Road of the West Lake of the Yangtze River. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), he was promoted to be an official of Henan Province. In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), he was promoted to be an official of Fujian Province. When he took office in Fujian, he was detained in Zhejiang due to Geng Jingzhong's rebellion. Later, he was recommended by Mongolia and changed to be the chief envoy of Zhejiang. Li Shizhen served as an envoy in Zhejiang Province for more than six years. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in an extraordinary period. Wu Sangui, Geng Jingzhong and Shang Kexi rebelled one after another, and the Qing government dispatched troops to suppress them. After Li Shizhen stayed in office, he praised the planning, learned about the Chinese military aircraft, paid enough money and food, operated military supplies, provided sufficient logistic support for the Qing army, and made great contributions to the pacification of San Francisco.
In 1681, Li Shizhen rose to the capital hall and soon became governor of Jiangxi. After Shang Zhixin's rebellion was pacified, the situation in Guangdong was unstable and needed to be managed by a competent minister. In the first month of the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), Li Shizhen was transferred to governor of Guangdong.
At the beginning of taking office in Guangdong, Li Shizhen was faced with a mess in which Shang Zhixin and other rebels had just been put down, officials were redundant, the army was arrogant, and the people were in dire straits. In order to rectify the administration of officials, Li Shizhen put forward 16 political principles according to the actual situation, including encouraging the officials, eliminating military equipment, carrying out official training, clearing up money and grain, being cautious of punishment and prison, reforming fire consumption, banning private faction, eliminating private taxes, strictly protecting the family, eliminating thieves, regulating salt law, rectifying coastal defense, saving lawsuit words, persuading the defeated generals, eliminating redundant service, and saving difference and disturbing, which played a positive role in rectifying the chaotic situation after the war in Guangdong.
On the day when the vassal state was stationed in Guangdong, they established the head office and monopolized the business. They controlled the market, forced extortion, paid cheap and sold expensive, which made the general business people and the general people suffer a lot. In this regard, Li Shizhen issued a proclamation, strictly ordered the investigation and removal of illegal vassal merchants, and allowed the people to trade freely. In June of the same year, faced with the drawbacks of the salt policy left by Shang Zhixin when he was stationed in the vassal state, Li Shizhen called for five times in a row to rectify the salt policy, clean up the occupied kitchen fields, check the drawbacks of the watermen, and redefine the trading rules. Under his vigorous rectification, Guangdong's salt administration was restored.
In addition, Li Shizhen did a lot of commendable work during this period, such as strengthening coastal defense, making more than 30000 people in his 27 coastal counties repeat their old jobs; sparing Qiongzhou from paying rent for years; advocating the construction of Futai yamen, etc. During his term of office in Guangdong, Li Shizhen's bold work made the political and economic situation in Guangdong improve rapidly, which was seriously damaged. It played an important role in the stability of the situation in the southeast after the San Francisco rebellion.
In 1687, Li Shizhen recommended Lin hangxue, the magistrate of Chaozhou. Because Lin hangxue had worked for Wu Sangui, he was impeached by Wang Hongxu, the censor of zuodu, and Li Shizhen resigned. In the general annals of Guangdong, it is said that Li Shizhen's recommendation was not to be investigated. Wang Hongxu impeached Li Shizhen on the ground that Lin hangxue had followed Wu Sangui, which was caused by the "color change of talking about vassal state" at that time. In addition, Li Shizhen's close contact with aobai, a powerful minister, is the reason behind his resignation.
On the day of Li Shizhen's departure from office, the people went out of the city, told each other and saw him off. They set up a temple for him outside the gate of the five immortals, and then went to the famous official Temple in the provincial capital. After becoming an official, Li Shizhen settled down in Tongzhou (today's Tongzhou District of Beijing), planting flowers and grass, writing and reading, and living a simple life. Later, Emperor Kangxi visited Li Shizhen's house on his way back to the north. Kangxi 34 years (1695) died on March 22, 75 years old, buried in Tongzhou red orchard. He has written ten volumes of Li dazhongcheng's political strategy.

After reading the genealogy, Li Shizhen wrote his own preface

After the Renwu war, Li Shizhen recognized Li Xiquan as his adoptive father and changed his surname

Chinese PinYin : Li Shi Zhen