Former residence of Chiang Kai Shek

When Chiang Kai Shek married Song Meiling, Song Meiling's dowry "Ai Lu" now belongs to Sasha's western restaurant and Shanghai Conservatory of Music Secondary School. French style garden house, also known as "Ai Lu", was built in 1932, and "Ai Lu" was listed as the second batch of excellent historical buildings in 1994. This French garden house is located at No.9, jia'erye'ai Road (now Dongping Road) in French concession. At that time, Song Ziwen bought it as Song Meiling's dowry. This western style house belongs to the villa style in southern France. Because it is close to the Mediterranean Sea and the weather is hot, the windows of this kind of building are large and open. The building is a two-story building, with three false floors attached to some parts; the French red tile roof with four slopes is angular, and its local treatment is mengsha style; the wall is attached with pebbles, and the texture of the stone sequence is clear; the corner stones, one in front and one in back, are made into fan-shaped corners, which is different from the popular vase shape at that time; the wall is attached with vines, and the colors change with the seasons.

Former residence of Chiang Kai Shek

It is located in the middle and north of Nanluoguxiang area, with qianyuanensi Hutong in the South and juer Hutong in the north. The court was built in the late Qing Dynasty. It was originally Zaiyu's house, the second son of Prince Yizhe of Qing Dynasty. It was lost to others because of gambling, and then bought by a Frenchman. The office of Chinese and French enterprises was established here. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he became Chiang Kai Shek's leader. After the founding of new China, it was the seat of the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China and used to be the Embassy of Yugoslavia in China. Now it belongs to friendly hotel.

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Architectural features

The courtyard is a combination of Chinese and Western style, which faces south from the north and consists of East and west parts. The original gate has been transformed into a hotel gate with a shadow wall. In the middle of the courtyard is a western style building, which is said to have been built by Prince Yizhe for his son in 1875. Brick concrete structure, one floor underground, two and a half floors above ground. The porch is Ionian. The building has undergone large-scale seismic reinforcement, and its appearance has changed greatly. In front of the building, there is a pool with a fountain. The pool is stacked with stones. Around the pool, there are stone carvings from Yuanmingyuan. On the southeast side of the pool, there is a concrete dome pavilion with eight Doric columns. There is a north-south rockery on the east side of the pavilion and the building as a barrier. Through the rockery is the Eastern garden area, a wide area. There are five rooms in the north, three rooms in the front and three rooms in the south, with surrounding corridors. In the northwest of the corridor on the west side, there is an open Pavilion. The hard top of the hill has a ridge roof and a pavilion with six corners in the southeast corner. The garden is surrounded by veranda. In the west, there is a Chinese style courtyard with two entrances, five rooms in the West and four rooms in the East, three rooms on the East Road and three rooms on the North Road. There are three rooms in the north, two in front of the corridor and two in the ear on both sides; three rooms in the East and three in the west, two in the south, and each room is connected by a plagiarism corridor. There are assorted windows on both sides of the vertical flower gate, a steamed bread door with a wall in the northeast of the courtyard, and an eight character screen wall in front of the door. All rooms are ridge roof with hard Hill tiles.

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Former residence of Chiang Kai Shek

——7 houyuanensi Hutong

Geographical location

Wang Zhihong

Houyuanensi hutong is located in Jiaodaokou area of Dongcheng District. It is the third Hutong from north to south in the west of Jiaodaokou South Street. It connects Jiaodaokou South Street and NanLuoGu Lane from east to west, with a length of more than 440 meters. It was called "houyuanensi Hutong" in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, and "houyuanensi Hutong" in Xuantong period. In 1965, it was renamed "Jiaodaokou nantiao" when the place name was reorganized. In the cultural revolution, it was once renamed "dayuejin road qiliao", and later renamed "Jiaodaokou nantiao". In 1979, it was restored as "houyuanensi Hutong".

"Shuntianfu Zhi" contains: "Yuanen temple, yuancha also, in Yuanen Temple Hutong." Yuanensi Hutong, now known as former yuanensi Hutong, is a Hutong in the south of houyuanensi Hutong. It can be seen from this that houyuanen Temple hutong is named because it is behind Yuanen temple, but it is not called "Yuanen Temple back body" or "Yuanen Temple back street" according to custom, instead of the original front and back Yuanen temples here.

architectural style

On May 24, 1984, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.

Historical records

No. 7 of houyuanensi Hutong was originally the residence of Fu in Qing Dynasty. Zaiyu is the second son of Prince Qing Yizhe. His father Yizhe is the grandson of Yongyu, the 17th son of Emperor Qianlong. He was the Prime Minister of the Qing Dynasty, Minister of state affairs and Prime Minister of the cabinet. He is related to Yuan Shikai by marriage. Zaitao said in his palace life in the late Qing Dynasty, "Yi Zhe is well known for his money." "When the Revolution starts. On October 17, the Beijing newspaper published a detailed list of Yi Zhe's privately owned gold, silver, jewelry and clothing, which is estimated to be worth more than 10000 Liang in cash. I'm afraid the source of the list is unknown, and it's not just a fabrication. " Yi Zhe is a master of collecting money, and his son Zai zhe can be called "the leader of Fengyue field and the gambler in the gambling bureau", which is worthy of the name of "real person of scattering wealth". At that time, in order to win the favor of the famous prostitute "red baby" in the capital, Zaiyu built such a luxury house with "both China and the west, neither China nor the west" according to the wishes of "red baby". Unexpectedly, soon Zaiyu lost all his belongings and the mansion to others, either because of poor fortune or poor gambling skills. Later, it became the office of a Sino French enterprise; after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, it became Chiang Kai Shek's leader in Beiping; after the peaceful liberation of Beiping, the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee once worked here; after the founding of the people's Republic of China, it has been the seat of the Yugoslavian Embassy in China and the Asian African Writers Association, and now it is a hotel.

present situation

On May 24, 1984, No. 7 of houyuanensi Hutong was announced as a "quadrangle" cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.

Start time

The opening time of Chiang Kai Shek's Xingyuan should be December 11, 1945, when Chiang Kai Shek flew to Peking, and the abolishing time should be January 31, 1949, when Peking was peacefully liberated. During this period, Chiang Kai Shek had two major activities in Peking: first, he came to Peking in December 1945 as a "leader of the Anti Japanese War" to express sympathy to the northern compatriots; second, he came to Peking in September 1948 to cope with the Liaoshen campaign. Two major events witnessed Chiang Kai Shek's political decline from peak to trough.

Other related

Brief introduction to Chiang Kai Shek

Chiang Kai Shek (1887-1975), born in Ruiyuan, was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province.

Chiang Kai Shek joined the alliance in his early years and went to Japan to study military after finishing his studies in Baoding army accelerated Academy. He graduated from Japan Zhenwu Academy in 1910 and became the president of Huangpu Military Academy in 1924. Mao Zedong said: "Chiang Kai Shek took advantage of Sun Yat Sen's trust in him and opened another Huangpu Military Academy, which brought in a large number of reactionaries and started from there."

In 1927, Chiang Kai Shek launched the April 12 counter revolutionary coup in Shanghai. In 1949, he failed in the anti Communist civil war and fled to Taiwan. He dominated Chinese politics for more than 20 years. In "on the people's democratic dictatorship", Mao Zedong said: "in the long period of 22 years, Chiang Kai Shek dragged China to a desperate situation." At that time, acting president Li Zongren once denounced Chiang Kai Shek "as the head of state" for being "in power for 20 years, more corrupt than in the era of Beiyang government".

He is famous for his autocracy and anti communism

It is said that in the early 1930s, Yi junzuo became the director of the editorial board of the Education Department of Jiangsu Province and presided over the Jiangsu Literary Association. He once edited gossip about Suzhou, which attracted Suzhou scholars to gossip. As a result, some newspapers turned the matter into the first couplet and asked for the second couplet. The first couplet is:

Yi Jun left, gossiping about Suzhou, leading to Suzhou gossiping, Yi Jun left; the best author of this campaign was Lin Sen, then chairman of the national government. Lin Sen, Zi Chao and Chang Ren, was born in Fujian Province. He was the chairman of the national government from 1932 to 1943. In principle, the chairman of the national government was the head of state, but Lin Sen had to be held hostage by Chiang Kai Shek. Linson's response to the next couplet metaphors this fact. The couplet said: Lin Zichao, President of the national government, he Zeng, President of the national government, Lin Zichao.

Lin Sen's detached magnanimity also reflected Chiang Kai Shek's arbitrariness and dictatorship

However, Chiang Kai Shek was mercilessly abandoned by history and lost Taiwan in the anti Communist civil war. "It was the most hasty day when he left the temple. The church still played farewell songs and wept at Gong e."

After the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai Shek accepted the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and fought against Japan together. Although he was forced to do so, he also set off anti Communist climax many times. However, at the last moment of his country's survival, Chiang Kai Shek resolutely resisted the war and would never surrender, which was still awe inspiring in the national interests. Chiang Kai Shek's heartfelt words that "if the war begins, it means that there is no division between the north and the south, no division between the old and the young, no matter who has the responsibility to defend the land and resist the Japanese War, and everyone should be determined to sacrifice everything" are also eloquent. Naturally, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Chiang Kai Shek's reputation reached the peak of his life.

On October 10, 1945, sun Lianzhong, commander of the 11th war zone of the national government army, presided over the signing ceremony of the Japanese north China invading army at the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City. On December 11, Chiang Kai Shek flew to Peiping in the name of "expressing sympathy to the compatriots in the north" to deploy the civil war. On the 13th, Chiang Kai Shek met with Jiang Jingguo and Fu Zuoyi in Xingyuan, and appointed Chen Heidi as deputy commander of the 11th theater of war. On the morning of the 16th, Chiang Kai Shek lectured 18000 college and middle school students in Peiping at the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City and received a speech

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Jie Shi Gu Ju