Former site of Huangpu Military Academy

Huangpu Military Academy, namely the army academy, was founded by Sun Yat sen in 1924 during the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It is also one of the four major military academies in the world history. The military academy has run seven military academies on Changzhou Island. It moved to Nanjing in 1930, and then to Chengdu and Taiwan. At present, there are more than ten buildings, such as the main entrance of the military academy, the headquarters of the Academy, the memorial of premier Sun Yat Sen, the former residence of Zhongshan, the club, the swimming pool, the tomb of the martyrs of the eastern expedition, the memorial of the northern expedition, Jishen Park, Jiaosi Pavilion, etc.

Former site of Huangpu Military Academy

The former site of Huangpu Military Academy is located in Changzhou Island, Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. It used to be the military school and Naval School of the Qing Dynasty. On June 16, 1924, Sun Yat Sen founded a military cadre training school with the help of Soviet advisors, which was named "the Army Academy of the Kuomintang of China" and later renamed "the Army Academy of the Republic of China".

The former site of Huangpu Military Academy is of great significance in modern Chinese history and military history. In 1988, the site was designated as a national cultural relics protection unit. In December 2016, the former site of Huangpu Military Academy was selected into the list of national red tourist attractions.

On December 2, 2017, it was selected as "the second batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage".

Historical evolution

The military academy was founded on June 16, 1924, renamed "Central Military and political school" in March 1926, renamed "national revolutionary army officer school" in May 1928, renamed "National Revolutionary Army Huangpu officer school" in September of the same year, and moved to Nanjing in September 1930. After the liberation of Guangzhou, the Guangzhou municipal government and the garrison restored part of the military academy buildings. In 1962, it was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province, and in January 1988, it was promoted to a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 1996, the Guangzhou municipal government rebuilt the headquarters of the military academy according to the principle of "original position, original scale and original appearance", thus restoring the former style of the military academy. It was opened to the outside world in 1990 and was rated as one of the first batch of patriotic education bases in Guangdong Province in 2000. In 1938, the headquarters of the military academy was bombed by the Japanese army.

Cultural details

Huangpu Military Academy is located in Fengshan City, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. Its name is the Central Military Academy. It still retains the spirit of the slogan at the gate of the school when it was founded: "if you are afraid of death, you can not enter this gate. If you want to get promoted and rich, please follow other ways." it also takes "affinity, love, precision and sincerity" as its spirit and five major beliefs; "Doctrine, leadership, country, responsibility, honor" is the belief, purpose and noble sentiment of cultivating and educating students.

Huangpu Military Academy is also adjacent to the Army Infantry School and the Chiang Kai Shek national defense cadre preparatory school (the senior high school cultivation education of the preparatory officer school). Since the 20th issue of Huangpu, it has been the military backbone of Taiwan's army cadres.

The alumni of Huangpu Military Academy hold the spirit of "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, faith, righteousness, peace and peace". They also indirectly promote cross-strait exchanges and hope that the Chinese people can enhance the spirit of founding the first democratic republic in Asia by "courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame".

data display

According to the relevant data, the Whampoa Military Academy has enrolled six periods in Changzhou Island. The students come from 26 provinces in China and have revolutionary youth from Korea, Vietnam, Singapore and other countries. A total of 4981 graduates graduated from the first phase to the fourth phase during the first revolutionary civil war.

The fifth and sixth periods were enrolled in the first Civil Revolutionary War and graduated after the split of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. There were 3136 graduates, of which the sixth period had more than 4400. Most of them left school due to the turmoil, and only 718 graduated. In March 1928 (17 years of the Republic of China), Huangpu Military Academy moved to Nanjing and changed its name to the Central Army Academy. After Huangpu Military Academy moved to the north, Li Jishen still trained cadres for the Eighth Route Army in the name of Huangpu Military Academy. In September 1930, Chiang Kai Shek ordered the suspension.

Renovation and reconstruction

In 1938, Japanese planes bombed Changzhou Island, and the school headquarters was razed to the ground. In 1984, the memorial hall of the former site of Huangpu Military Academy was built. In 1996, according to the principle of "original location, original scale and original appearance" approved by the State Administration of cultural relics, the headquarters of the military academy was rebuilt, and the places where teachers and students lived and studied at that time were basically restored.

During the Anti Japanese War, the former site of Huangpu Military Academy was bombed. In 1964, a major renovation was made and the original appearance was basically restored. The memorial hall of the former site of Huangpu Military Academy was established in 1984. The memorial buildings of the former site include the main entrance of the military academy, Zhongshan monument, Zhongshan former residence, club, swimming pool and tombs of the martyrs of the eastern expedition.

Cultural relics protection

The former site and history of Huangpu Military Academy vividly show the history of anti imperialist and anti warlord struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The former site of Huangpu Military Academy is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The students of Huangpu Military Academy participated in the revolutionary war many times and made great contributions to the Chinese revolutionary cause. The former site of Huangpu Military Academy is located in Changzhou Island, Huangpu, Guangzhou. It is a new Military Academy established by Sun Yat Sen with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union during the great revolution.

Sun Yat-sen

With the tenet of "creating a revolutionary army to save China from danger" and the motto of "dear and sincere", we should learn from the experience of the Soviet Union in building the army and cultivate revolutionary military talents. The military academies are of great significance in modern Chinese history and military history. The military academy completed its seventh phase in Huangpu and moved to Nanjing in 1930. In 1938, the headquarters of the military academy was bombed by the Japanese army. In 1988, the site was designated as a national cultural relics protection unit.

Changzhou Island in Guangzhou is inconvenient in transportation, far from the urban area and remote. Why did the military academy choose this place? There are various reasons

First, in the 1920s, the warlords of Yunnan and Guangxi dominated Guangzhou. In those days, Sun Yat Sen chose to set up a military academy on an isolated island far away from the urban area to avoid the control and interference of warlords.

Second, the island has a quiet environment, surrounded by water on all sides. There are many fortresses built on the island. The fish ball fortress opposite to the river and the sand road fortress on the side form a tripartite confrontation. It is easy to guard and control the river, but difficult to attack, and easy to learn and practice martial arts.

Third, Sun Yat Sen was very familiar with Changzhou Island. He had visited the island many times and knew that the buildings of the Qing army primary school on the island were still there. With a little repair, they could be used and a lot of manpower and money could be saved. Therefore, Sun Yat Sen decided to set up the military school on Changzhou Island.

South to North

The gate of the former site of Huangpu Military Academy is located in the South and north facing the Pearl River. On the front of the gate of the memorial archway, there is a horizontal plaque with black characters on a white background written by Tan Yankai, a veteran of the Kuomintang. There are two sentries in front of the door, and the two rooms behind are the guard room.

There is a zouma building in the front of the gate, which is called the school headquarters. The school headquarters is a Lingnan ancestral hall style quadrangle building, with two-story brick and wood structure, three roads and four entrances, namely three main passages and four rows of houses. On the East and west sides of the North-South central axis, the buildings are arranged in the same form and symmetrical with each other. The four rows of houses are connected by corridors, surrounded by walls, with a construction area of 1060 square meters. Under the leadership of the prime minister, President and party representatives, the school has six departments of politics, professors, coaches, management, quartermaster and military medicine, with a total number of about 40 institutions. It also has student dormitories, canteens and exhibition rooms. But in 1938, during the Anti Japanese War, it was bombed by Japanese warplanes. At the beginning of May 1996, the Guangzhou municipal government spent more than 20 million yuan on reconstruction, which was completed on November 12 of the same year.

In the southwest of the campus, there is a theater style club with a swimming room on the west side.

On the west side of the gate, there is a two-story brick and wood structure building, which used to be a staff dormitory. Because Sun Yat Sen had a rest here in 1917, it was transformed into "Premier's Memorial Hall" after Sun Yat Sen died. In 1984, it was changed into "Huangpu Military Academy Memorial Hall", displaying the history of Huangpu Military Academy and photos of Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary activities in Guangdong.

Structural layout

In November 1928, a memorial to Sun Yat Sen was built on Bagui mountain in the south of the campus. In 1930, a bronze statue of Sun Yat Sen was erected on the top of the monument. The shape of the monument is unique. It uses the cross steps and bronze statues on both sides to form the word "Wen", implying the meaning of Sun Wen. On the front of the pedestal is engraved the military school motto "dear, sincere". There are 7 levels in the bottom and 5 levels in the upper. There is a long flat level in the middle. The 7 level represents the military school, which has 7 phases. The 5 level represents five campaigns of the military academy and the teachers. It also refers to the 7 phase of the military school in Changzhou Island, and 5 periods in the field. The Chinese mainland has held 12 phases. On the front of the monument, there are six official characters of "monument to Prime Minister Sun", written by Hu Hanmin. On the east side is engraved with the seven words "peace, struggle, save China" which Sun Yat Sen called for at his dying. On the back of the monument is a portrait of Sun Yat Sen. In the west, the prime minister's admonition became the National Anthem of the Republic of China.

Sun Yat Sen's bronze statue, dressed in a suit, with his left hand akimbo and right hand stretched forward, is 2.6 meters high and weighs more than 2000 Jin. It was invested by Mr. Makoto '. The steps from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain are decorated with stone, and the surface is inlaid with the school motto "dear, sincere". The bronze statue is the same as that of Sun Yat Sen at Sun Yat sen University in Guangzhou, Sun Yat Sen mausoleum in Nanjing and Sun Yat Sen Memorial in Macao.

Chinese PinYin : Huang Pu Jun1 Xiao Jiu Zhi