Suzhou Garden Museum

Suzhou Garden Museum

Suzhou Garden Museum was first located in the residential area of Humble Administrator's garden. It was built and opened in the autumn of 1992. It is the first Garden Museum in China.

The new Suzhou Garden Museum is located in the west of Humble Administrator's garden. It was built in October 2005, with a construction area of 3390 square meters. A new building is built on the basis of the original two-story building. The new hall is divided into preface hall, garden history hall, garden art hall, garden culture hall and ending hall. Among them, garden art hall shows in detail the gardening techniques such as mountain folding, water management, flowers and trees, architecture, etc.

geographical position

Address: No.202, northeast street, Pingjiang District (near Humble Administrator's garden)

Development history

In the autumn of 1992, Suzhou opened the first Garden Museum in China. It uses the residential part of Zhuozheng garden, a famous garden, to arrange four exhibition halls, namely "Yuanyuan", "Yuanshi", "Yuanqu" and "Yuanye", which shows the course and charm of Suzhou gardens in the past two thousand years.

Yuanyuan Hall: it provides the answer for the prosperity of Suzhou gardening. Garden history Hall: as the reappearance of history, it guides the audience to go beyond time and space and to have an overview of the development of Suzhou gardens.

Yuanqu Hall: it displays the extraordinary charm of Suzhou open gardens, famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, six counties and cities in the suburbs of Suzhou, gardens and villas not yet open in Suzhou, and even Suzhou gardens built abroad.

Yuanye Hall: through the analysis of "gardening elements" and "gardening art" of Suzhou gardens, this paper reveals the reasons why Suzhou gardens are outstanding in the world gardens.

On December 4, 2007, Suzhou Garden Museum established a new hall, covering an area of more than 4000 square meters. The exhibition hall is divided into preface hall, history hall, art hall, culture hall and inheritance hall. The new Suzhou Garden Museum maintains the characteristics of Suzhou folk houses with pink walls and dark tiles, and is in harmony with the classical garden masterpieces such as Humble Administrator's garden and lion forest. In the limited internal space, in order to "recreate the universe within a short distance", there is no wall in the main part of the new museum, which can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the display demand. Although it is a classical garden on display, the new museum makes full use of computers, electronic displays, electronic maps and other modern scientific and technological equipment to show the delicacy and delicacy of the garden in a way consistent with modern people's life.

In addition, the layout of the ancient garden scene model, the tiger hill tower model 150 years ago, and the restored garden relics model have also made the new Garden Museum a "textbook" for visitors to understand Suzhou gardens.

architectural composition

When you enter the gate, you can see a simple brick wall. A large-scale brick carving "Wuzhong Jiagou" focuses on the pavilions and pavilions of the garden. A strong sense of history suddenly comes to your face, bringing people into the long history of ancient simplicity.

Go right along the slope to the preface hall. In front of me is a double-sided embroidery of some water corridors of the Humble Administrator's garden painted by Li Keran. Silk threads outline the charm of the Humble Administrator's garden. On the right are ink paintings of pines, bamboos and plums. They are simple, elegant and classical. First of all, this is an introduction to the world gardening system. Compared with the Western Asian system and the European system, the Chinese system is scattered, free and flexible, and does not stick to one pattern. It focuses on the beauty of nature and the closeness and integration between man and nature. Secondly, it compares and shows the three branches of Chinese garden, which are mainly royal garden, private garden and temple garden. Compared with the grand, magnificent royal gardens and simple, elegant and quiet temple gardens, Suzhou private gardens have more distinctive features of compact layout, simple and elegant, and the pursuit of harmony between man and nature. The third part of the preface hall shows the scene of gardening in the Qing Dynasty: through the actions and expressions of 126 lifelike villains, we can clearly see the whole process of garden construction, such as phase, foundation, tree house, paint, mountain folding, etc. On one side, there are pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions. Workers are constantly carrying furniture and painting walls. On the other side, there are "rough houses". Some workers carve flower windows, some paint pillars, some hang stones and build mountains The ancients put art into labor, full of life intoxication and tension.

Before entering the history hall from the preface hall, you have to pass through a long corridor. Outside the wall is the Humble Administrator's garden. A tall ginkgo tree stands against the wall. The golden leaves fall with the wind and fall on the green path beside the corridor. They are yellow and green, and are dazzling. Standing at the door of the history hall, the ground glass clearly reflects the brilliant trees of Ginkgo biloba, and the landscape borrowing techniques have been applied here. Starting from gusutai in the spring and Autumn period, the history hall gives a detailed introduction to the history of Suzhou gardens.

Besides gardening art, cultural connotation is also the uniqueness of gardens. A special cultural hall has been set up in the museum. Through the analysis of the origin of gardens with literati, philosophy, literature, calligraphy and painting, tablet inscriptions, stone appreciation and folk customs, the extensive and profound Suzhou gardens are displayed. For example, the plaque written by Emperor Qianlong and the couplet written by literati. The red sandalwood model of Liuyuan linquanqishuo hall is also displayed here. As the final axis, not only the beams and columns are made according to the garden construction method, but also the tables, chairs and screens in the museum are copied in proportion. Finally, there is the garden heritage hall, the main projects of Suzhou gardens at home and abroad, etc.

The exhibits in the museum are not only limited to a few halls, but also the components or ornaments of the museum building itself, as well as the exhibits of garden elements. For example, all kinds of doors and windows, the most exquisite flower windows in Suzhou gardens, the three chicken wing wood flower windows of wangshiyuan Daohe Pavilion, were moved in. There are also many small patios beside the corridor. The garden sketches are also on display. They have their own sources. The classic landscapes such as "Haitang chunwu" in Zhuozheng garden and "gumujiaoke" in Liuyuan garden can be seen.

If you look closely, the garden technique is still hidden in the layout of the Museum: the distribution of the exhibition halls abandons the usual practices such as axis and symmetry. Through the connection of the corridors, a tour route with winding paths, twists and turns, and changing scenery can be formed. The landscape techniques of Suzhou Gardens such as "moving scenery", "taking scenery" and "borrowing scenery" can be seen from time to time.

Collection

Double sided embroidery

Li Keran (1907-1989), a famous master of traditional Chinese painting, was born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. He has successively served as vice chairman of the China Artists Association, President of the Chinese Academy of painting, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, etc. He attached great importance to sketching and integrated the light, shadow and color expression techniques of Western painting into traditional Chinese landscape painting, which is of pioneering significance. "The painting of Humble Administrator's garden" is a rare masterpiece of Mr. Li Keran's many works to show the theme of Suzhou classical garden. The paper selects the typical wave shaped corridor of the West Garden of Humble Administrator's garden, the two pavilions, the inverted studio, and the space area surrounded by who is sitting with the pavilion. The picture is rich in layers and rich in lines. Although it's full of composition, it doesn't feel suffocating. Instead, it forms a kind of tension, showing the composition characteristics of "strange but anyway", which is fascinating. Thick ink, light and elegant coloring, leaving white even without ink, light and dark contrast is very strong. This is in sharp contrast to the elegant style of traditional painting. The whole picture is full of twists and turns of branches, luxuriant and luxuriant, like dancing in the wind, winding corridor, hidden in the trees, water and light, and reflection, which makes people relaxed and happy. Suzhou embroidery ranks first among the four famous embroidery in China. As early as the spring and Autumn period, "embroidered clothes" appeared in Wu area, which has a history of more than 2500 years. As a national intangible cultural heritage, Suzhou embroidery has fine, fine, beautiful and elegant artistic style, which is similar to Suzhou garden art. In order to faithfully express the artistic style of painting works, double-sided embroidery mainly adopts the random needling method, which focuses on the expression of color and light. The embroidery girls use needles instead of pens and lines instead of ink, which reproduces Mr. Li Keran's creative process and takes nearly half a year to embroider. Li Keran's "Humble Administrator's garden" double-sided embroidery is not only in line with the exhibition theme of garden art in the Garden Museum, but also realizes the perfect combination of traditional painting and Suzhou embroidery art, which has both artistry and popularity. It greatly improves the display effect of the Garden Museum and has a strong artistic shock.

Inscription of Hanshan Temple in chengdequan

In the main hall of Hanshan Temple in Suzhou, there is a stone tablet inscribed with chants written by Cheng Dequan in the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty.

Cheng Dequan (1860-1930), a native of Yunyang County, Chongqing City, was named Chunru, xuelou and Benliang. He once served as governor of Fengtian and governor of Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty. He joined the revolutionary army in the 1911 Revolution and served as governor of Jiangsu Province and director of internal affairs of Nanjing Provisional government. He retreated from the political arena and lived in seclusion in Shanghai, reciting scriptures behind closed doors. In 1926, he was ordained in Tianning Temple, Changzhou. His posthumous works include Cheng Zhongcheng's manuscript and Fu Wu Wendu. The Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou today has four big characters "ancient Hanshan Temple" for its ink.

The calligraphy in the inscription of Hanshan Temple in Cheng Dequan is written in regular script, which transcribes the poems of many poets from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, Zhang Hu's poem crossing the maple bridge in the Tang Dynasty: "the grass outside the Changzhou garden is rustling, but it's a long time to travel in the city. Only when we don't forget it, we can pass the maple bridge in the dusk." This poem is the most famous song about Suzhou maple bridge after Zhang Ji's poem "Night Mooring on maple bridge". Zhang Hu (about A.D. 783-852), whose name is Chengji, was born in Qinghe (now Hebei) of beizhou in Tang Dynasty. He lived in Gusu at the beginning, and then in Chang'an. He once roamed all over the country, but in his later years

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