Longtan ancient town

Longtan ancient town is located in Youyang County, Chongqing, more than 30 kilometers east of the county. It was built in 1736, the first year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty, and was established in 1935. With the convenience of Longtan River and Youshui River, it used to be an important commercial market town. There is a saying that "Longtan goods, gongtan money". During the Anti Japanese War, the ancient town of Longtan became the rear area to avoid the war. The town of 1.5 square kilometers gathered 80000 people, which made the ancient town of Longtan famous all over the country and known as "little Nanjing".

There are more than 400 years of old streets and quadrangles in the ancient town. The fire wall is its unique building. The walls in the town are made of firebrick, which are as high as 10 meters or 20 meters or 30 meters. Then they are built with iron or wood to form a wedge wall about 1 meter high, and houses are built inside. The main street is about 5 meters wide. It's all paved with square stones. Due to the lack of time, the stone slabs are smooth after walking. You should be very careful when walking in the street.

Longtan ancient town

Longtan ancient town is a famous historical and cultural town in China and a national AAAA tourist attraction.

Longtan ancient town is located in the east of Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County in Southeast Chongqing, 40 kilometers away from the county, bordering Xiushan County, and located in the hinterland of Wuling mountain area, which is the gateway of Youdong. Longtan ancient town scenic area is mainly composed of Longtan ancient town and Zhao Shiyan's former residence, with a total area of 3.2 square kilometers, which is one of the 100 classic red tourism scenic spots in China.

Longtan is named for the fact that the two "longan" shaped water holes under Fulong mountain often accumulate water to form a pool. The ancient town passes through the "longan" like a "dragon nose".

Since the Shu Han Dynasty, Longtan has been the seat of "Xian Cheng", "Xun Xun", "Zhou Tong" and "Xian Zuo" for more than 1700 years. Since the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, more than 600 years of Tusi's ruling policy of "no man coming out of the cave, no Han coming into the country" has created the unique architectural art and magical national culture of Longtan, a thousand year old ancient town. The ancient town is built along the Meishu river with a large scale and well preserved. The stone street, which is 3 kilometers long, is as bright as jade, with ancient marine fossils looming. There are more than 50 Tujia stilted buildings with beautiful cornices. There are many shops on the street and the roadways are connected with each other. The wall of sealed fire is very strict and magnificent. Siheyuan is simple and quiet with its own characteristics.

Longtan ancient town, with 1.4 square kilometers of Ming and Qing architectural complex, is the best preserved and largest ancient town in Chongqing. There are 27 cultural relics protection units in the ancient town, including one at the national level, two at the municipal level and 24 at the county level.

In December 2012, Longtan ancient town scenic spot in Youyang was officially approved as a national AAAA (4a) scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Overview of scenic spots

Brief introduction of ancient town

Longtan has a long history and a long history of national culture. Since the Qin Dynasty unified the whole country, from Meishu Longtan to today's Longtan has a written history of more than 2200 years

. He once raised a large number of influential revolutionaries in modern Chinese history, such as Comrade Zhao Shiyan, the famous revolutionary of our party, Comrade Wang Jianhong, wife of Qu Qiubai, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, and Comrade Liu Ren, the former Second Secretary of Beijing Municipal Party committee.

Longtan ancient town was originally built in Meishu village, Bohai township. It was named "Meishu Longtan" because there are two longans on the East and west sides of the town. In 1735, the town was destroyed by a big fire and then moved to the side of the Longtan River for reconstruction. With the help of Longtan River and Youshui River, it gradually developed into an important commercial market town, which was called "Longtan goods and gongtan money" in ancient times.

In the first year of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1736), Sizhou was divided into several states. In the Republic of China, the state was changed into a county, and the county was set up. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1932), the integration of business and League was carried out. The town was established in 1935. In the middle of the Anti Japanese War, the people of Xiajiang who were occupied by the enemy fled one after another, and the population of the town was as many as 50000. In the early days of the people's Republic of China, eight district offices were set up. In 1993, the working committee of Longtan District was set up, with jurisdiction over seven townships and one town.

Longtan ancient town is still preserved more than 200 years ago stone slab street, courtyard, fire wall is its unique architecture. The walls in the town are made of firebrick, which are as high as 10 meters or 20 meters or 30 meters. Then they are built with iron or wood to form a wedge wall about 1 meter high, and houses are built inside. The first floor is called "yinziwu", which looks like a square seal, which is the unique fire sealing barrel.

Shiban street from wachangwan (memorial archway) through Yongxing street, Zhongxin street, Yongsheng street to suoziqiao (kuichanggou) of yongshengxia street, with a total length of about 3 km, is as green as jade, which can be distinguished. The other street starts from Fuxing Bridge and ends at tanshunhe street in Jiangxi Province. It is 0.5 km long and the main street is about 5 meters wide. It is all paved with square bluestone. Because it has not been built for a long time, it has been walking for pedestrians. The stone slabs are smooth. You should be especially careful when walking in it.

Ancient town architecture

Ancient buildings, from south to North River for a long distribution, the total building area of 86473 square meters, residential terraces are mostly made of fine drilling stone, streets and alleys are stone road, its many terraces. For example, the famous and ancient buildings, such as Yuwang palace, Wanshou Palace, ancestral temple, temple, Catholic Church, Jingyuan, Academy, and so on, all public buildings use huge wood as beams and columns. Among the courtyards, there are common blue brick walls and tiles, with lime powder eaves. On one side of the street, there are shops. The spaces vary in size, but the courtyard is deep. There are two or three patios in it. Behind it is the main house or warehouse. Some wealthy businesses have pavilions, gardens and waterside pavilions The stage, the corridor and the circle are very impressive. There are more than 50 Tujia residential buildings with beautiful shape and cornices. More than 150 sealed fire walls have isolated more than 200 simple and quiet courtyard houses in the ancient town, including the former residence of famous Zhao Shiyan, Youyang middle school (Longtan middle school) by Ding Ling and the former residence of his friend "mengke" (Wang Jianhong).

Ancient town culture

Longtan, beautiful scenery, outstanding people. Longtan national culture has a long history, and public schools were set up in the Qing Dynasty.

In 1925, the Fifth Middle School of Sichuan Province was set up here. Wang Boshan, a veteran of the Kuomintang, Secretary of Sun Yat Sen's presidential palace, and former counselor of Sichuan Provincial People's government, Zhao Shiyan, an older generation of proletarian revolutionist, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, and a famous leader of the Chinese workers' movement, Zhao Juntao, an older generation of proletarian educator, Liu Ren, former Secretary of the North China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Second Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party committee, and Zhang Juntao, former Secretary of the North China Military Commission Chaoyi, Wang Jianhong, wife of Qu Qiubai, a proletarian revolutionist of the older generation, were all born in Longtan ancient town.

Longtan has a long history. It is close to mountains and rivers. There are many brick and wood structures of houses. The wind and fire walls made of firebricks can be seen everywhere. The main body of the houses is households, and the height is about 10-20 meters or 20-30 meters. Generally, the houses with wooden structure are "three pillars and four chess", "three pillars and six chess" and "five pillars and eight chess". There are several "Sihe Courtyard" in the rich people's house. In the courtyard, there is a room called "Zhongtang", which is used as a place to sacrifice ancestors, welcome guests and handle weddings and funerals. The floor paved with wood is a reading building, an embroidery building or a display building. The counter decorated with wooden boards or made of brick and mud is the place where the owner sells goods. In particular, the stone street, which meanders for more than two kilometers, is paved with green stone. Most of them are five element slate, and the widest one is nine element slate. In case of uneven places, it will be padded into trapezoidal steps, ranging from seven to more than ten levels.

In front of Guan Gong in Chunqiu Pavilion, the memorial to the soldiers who died in the war of resistance against Japan and the founding of the people's Republic of China built in 1939 was inscribed by he Shaozhou, commander of the 103rd division of the second army of the Kuomintang army, with the inscription "only my soldiers, the light of the nation, sacrifice blood, consolidate my golden soup, make a contribution to the country, and never forget" by the local government. Longtan is a picturesque place with natural beauty. Ding Ling, who has also described the antique Longtan middle school, is a dramatist Tian Han. When he left Longtan, she wrote seven unique poems: "the solitary tower of Youyang is hidden in the mountains, the huge stones are hidden in the sky, the carp is more than half a foot, and when will the pole catch Longtan?".

In 1931, Guan Yuankun, a student of Zhang Shanzi, the elder brother of the famous painter Zhang Daqian, held two "tiger paintings exhibitions" in Zhongshan Park by the Bank of Jiangxi Tan in Longtan ancient town.

With the concern and support of governments at all levels and cultural departments, the protection and development of Longtan ancient town has been put on the agenda, and more and more people of insight pay attention to it. Protecting and developing Longtan has become the common aspiration of people living here for generations

Longtan ancient town, not only breeds the dazzling national culture, Tujia Miao people also create a unique flavor of traditional food culture. In particular, the four famous snacks were once popular in the border areas of Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou.

historical event

During the Anti Japanese War, in order to avoid the Japanese invasion, Longtan became the relocation place of finance, textile, automobile and military industry of the national government. The number of residents in the town increased sharply to 50000. At that time, it was known as "little Nanjing";

In 1925, the Fifth Middle School of Sichuan Province was set up here;

During the Anti Japanese war in 1939, the memorial to the soldiers killed in the war of resistance against Japan and the founding of the people's Republic of China was inscribed by he Shaozhou, commander of the 103rd division of the second army of the Kuomintang army, with the inscription of "only my soldiers, the light of the nation, sacrifice blood, consolidate my golden soup, lay down the stone for Jixun, never forget for a hundred generations";

Characteristics of ancient town

In the ancient town, Wenchang palace, Tianhou palace, Xuanyuan palace, Yuwang palace, Longevity Palace, Longwang temple, Huo temple and other ancient buildings have beautiful and spectacular windows, lintels, painted pillars, carved beams and cornices. Huanglong shangtan, Maoer zhentan, Xianren guabang, lazy snake Xiashan, Luohan rock statue, Erlong gunjiang, Jiulong village

Chinese PinYin : Long Tan Gu Zhen