Hupingshan

Huping peak, the highest peak in Hunan Province. Climb the peak of Huping mountain, 2098.7 meters high in Shanghai, and feel the heroism of climbing to the top of Huping mountain. When the sun rises, you can see far away, the mountains are winding, the clouds are shrouded, like the waves of the sea, the border is continuous, a red sun is rising from the eastern horizon, the light is boundless, the atmosphere is myriad, and the scenery is different throughout the year. The tourism of Hupingshan nature reserve is an ecotourism characterized by original secondary forest, canyon, peak forest and other unique landforms.

There are four unique ecotourism in Hupingshan Nature Reserve: the first is Canyon Ecological leisure tourism; the second is Canyon Ecological rafting; the third is roof view; the fourth is east mountain skiing and grass skiing.

Hupingshan

Hupingshan is located in the northwest of Shimen County, Hunan Province. It is the boundary mountain between Hunan and Hubei Province. The altitude is generally more than 2000 meters, and the main peak is 2098.7 meters, which is the second highest peak in Hunan Province. The peak of Hupingshan is high around and low in the middle. It is shaped like a hukou, so it is named Hupingshan. Hupingshan tourist area is one of the 200 key ecological areas in the world, a National Nature Reserve and a provincial eco-tourism demonstration area. Known as the "natural labyrinth" in the "strange circle of the earth" (30 degrees north latitude) and the "Noah's Ark" in the eastern hemisphere, it was the place where the chieftain of yuanwangai built a stronghold in ancient times.

In July 2012, CCTV's "distant home" 30 ° n · China Tour "crew came to Hupingshan and shot the 69th episode of" night trip to Hupingshan in Changde ", showing the magic and charm of Hupingshan to the world.

The poem says:

The jug flies over the waterfall and the peach blossom falls at the mouth of the cave. Tiger harbor flows with clear water, which is better than Danxia.

General situation

Huping mountain is one of the eight new Xiaoxiang landscapes and one of the top ten mountain landscapes in Hunan. Located at the north end of Hupingshan Town, Shimen County, Changde City, Hunan Province, it is the boundary mountain of extreme north in Hunan Province, passing by mysterious latitude of 30 degrees north. Hupingshan is the ancestor of Shimen, Wufeng, Songzi, Zhijiang and Yidu.

It is said that Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was exiled here and wrote a beautiful sentence of "Huping falls, peach blossoms fall at the entrance of the cave". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty wrote a poem with the feeling that "the good scenery of Huping is not enough, so I am lucky to visit it again in the next life."

Hupingshan tourism development area is about 1200 square kilometers, of which the nature reserve covers an area of 665.8 square kilometers, with rare trees and grass everywhere. There are 831 species of woody plants, including 28 species of national key protected tree species, 1019 species of medicinal plants and 350 species of wild animals. Biological experts have praised them as "a green treasure house with thousands of gold in it".

Among the rare animals, there are 7 species of clouded leopard, leopard, South China tiger, black deer and golden cat, 41 species of macaque, white crowned pheasant, red bellied horned pheasant and giant salamander (salamander), the largest amphibian in the world, and two species of Davidia involucrata and Campanula. There are 29 kinds of national second class protected plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Lianxiang tree, Magnolia officinalis and Liriodendron. Most of these rare plants belong to the ancient plants of the tertiary glacial period and the relict tree species before the Tertiary period, which are called "living fossils". Among them, Sorbus mandshurica, Carpinus pubescens and Sinojackia longicosa are new species which have not been found before. Botanists at home and abroad have confirmed that Davidia involucrata community in Hupingshan Creek is the largest concentration area of Davidia involucrata community in the world.

Hupingshan has attracted more and more attention at home and abroad. It has been jointly selected as one of the 200 key ecological areas in the world by WWF, IUCN and World Bank, approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council, and designated as a key eco-tourism area by Hunan Province.

geographical environment

geographical position

Hupingshan in Hunan Province is located at 110 ° 29 ′～ 110 ° 59 ′ E and 29 ° 50 ′～ 30 ° 09 ′ n It is adjacent to Taiping Town, Suojie Town, Luoping Town, Dongshanfeng management area and Nanbei town in Shimen County in the East, South and West, Houhe National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province in the north, yuyangguan Town, changleping Town, Wantan town in Wufeng county and WuLiping town in Hefeng County in Hubei Province in the North.

Introduction to geomorphology

Hupingshan has a total area of 15 square kilometers, with rare trees and grass everywhere. At present, there are 40000 mu of virgin forest and 831 species of woody plants, including 28 species of national key protected tree species, 1019 species of medicinal plants and 350 species of wild animals. Biological experts have praised it as "a green treasure house with thousands of gold inside". It is said that Li Bai, a poet of Tang Dynasty, exiled here and wrote the eternal sentence of "pots, bottles, waterfalls, peach blossoms at the entrance of the cave". Hupingshan is located in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve in Northwest Hunan Province. It is located in the fold belt of Hubei Guizhou platform, a secondary structural unit of Yangzi platform. The strata are well distributed, mainly including Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and Permian strata of Paleozoic era. Limestone, slate and shale are the main soil forming materials. The area is the northern margin of the Western Hunan Eastern Guizhou dome of the Yungui DIWA, the northern corner of the Dongting DIWA, and the southeast corner of the Daba dome. Its geotectonic position and nature control the development and evolution of Geology and geomorphology in the area. In the early Late Proterozoic (about 800 million years ago), the reserve and its surrounding areas were submerged by sea water. At the end of the early Late Proterozoic, due to the influence of the Wuling movement, the crust rose strongly, folded and exposed. In the Yanshanian and Himalayan periods, the strata were strongly folded again, and large-scale magmatic eruption and intrusion formed some anticlines, synclines and faults, and the crust was relatively intermittently uplifted, while the eastern part of Shimen County was relatively lower, thus forming the main body of Hupingshan.

Hupingshan nature reserve is located in the northeast of Wuling mountains, in the transition zone from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to Eastern low mountains and hills. It belongs to Zhongshan Mountain landform and valley landform. In the territory, there are ups and downs of mountains, steep terrain, ravines, and most of the peaks have steep ridges on one side, with the multi direction of semi shady slope and semi sunny slope. There are 266 peaks above 1000m. The lowest altitude is 220m in Shijiahe, and the main peak of Hupingshan is 2098.7m above sea level, which is the "highest peak in Hunan". The relative height difference is 1878.7m.

The peaks of Hupingshan are undulating, and all of them belong to the Taiqing mountain system of the northern branch of Wuling mountains. There are more than 160 peaks with an altitude of more than 1000m. The main peak of Huping mountain and shuangjianzi mountain are more than 2000m above sea level, which are the highest in Hunan Province. The main vein of the mountain area extends in the east-west direction, and the trend of its branches is nearly vertical. Dingping mountain is located in the northwest, passing menkanyan, yemaojian and qiliangjian eastward. The main vein is along the boundary of Hunan and Hubei, and ends at leidashi on the West Bank of Beixi river. The altitude decreases from 1900m to 1000m eastward. The main branches are Jinzhushan, jinbanshan, luzhushan, shizinao, yanggaoshan and so on. The main peak height is more than 1000m. In the southwest of the reserve, the main vein starts from gaojiajie on the border of Hunan and Hubei, passes eastward through xiniuquan, yinpo, huanglianpeng, and ends at tieeryan on the West Bank of the lost wife River (the lower reaches of jinjiahe River). The altitude decreases from 1700m to 1000m eastward. Its branch vein is not obvious, and the south side is mostly formed by paleokarst denudation plane, which is characterized by steep surrounding, flat top and altitude of more than 1000m.

Mountain plain landform

Neotectonic movement is the youngest tectonic movement in geological period, usually refers to the active structure since Neogene. The neotectonic movement in Hupingshan nature reserve is relatively strong, which is mainly manifested by the large-scale uplift of the earth's crust. At the same time, due to the difference of the uplift amplitude, some active faults reflected by the faults and dislocations between blocks were also produced. Because the mountain uplift has not stopped, the juvenile geomorphology is the most common

High mountain and steep range formed by multi-level planation surface: according to the height distribution of most mountain tops and original surface, there are three to four levels of planation surface. The existence of multi-level denudation surface reflects that the crustal movement in this area has been mainly uplifting since the Yanshan movement folded the crust, and the uplifting intensity has changed intermittently many times in the process of uplifting. The third-order denudation surface formed by crustal movement can be seen on the way from the mouth of shinanzigou to Quanping and hulugie to Dingping. In addition, the first-order gentle slope can be seen at the altitude of 700-750m, which is about 250m higher than the river surface of shinanzigou, but the area is small.

The river cuts down to form a deep canyon: the upper and lower Shenxi River, Gaoqiao River and its tributaries of Zhipeng River, siding River, shinanzigou, and the upper and lower reaches of Jinjia River, all of which are deeply cut down. The bottom of the valley is almost entirely occupied by the river bed, with a width of less than 100 m, sometimes 10-20 M. the mountains on both sides of the valley stand in a terrible position. Siding river passes from Shenjing cave to the East and West banks of ranjiawan through maopo. Zhipeng River and Gaoqiao River pass from gaojiajie to xiniuquan, Dapo to jingjingmen and the South Bank of Liping Wujia. The rock wall is like a wall. The top is connected with the cloud and the bottom is near the valley. There are few people living along the river and there is no arable land. According to the elevation comparison between most mountain peaks and nearby river valleys, we can know that the depth of river undercutting in this area has reached more than 700m. For example, the modern river elevation at the confluence of Zhipeng River and shinanzigou is only 485m, while the original elevation of huanglianpeng limestone mountain on the south bank is 1200-380m, and the vertical cutting depth is 715-795m; the modern river elevation at the confluence of Gaoqiao River and shiqiaohe river is 295m, and the elevation of Dongshang and daguaxi on the southeast bank is 1100m, and the vertical cutting depth is 715-795m

Chinese PinYin : Hu Ping Shan